1589 - 1590 AD 

1589 AD Finghin Riabach Mac Carthy the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Chief in the Munster Province who was skilled in Irish, Latin, English and Spanish, wrote a History of Ireland from the time the Anglo - Normans came into Ireland until 1626 AD, while he was being imprisoned by the English in London under the orders of Elizabeth 1st.

      Due to onging turmoil in relation to who in the future would be The O Donnell as the leader of the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill O Donnells in their kingdom and territory in Co. Donegal in the  west of the Ulster Province the English Military garrison under Willis was still holding on in the Donegal Friary raiding the surrounding Co. Donegal region, while the young Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell's older half - brother, Donnell O Donnell was continuing to rally his supporters to try and eventually gain the The O Donnell position under the Irish Brehon Law if their father, the "aged," Aed Dubh O Donnell (the son of Manus O Donnell), should suddenly die, and among these supporters were the English / Galls foreigers. The present The O Donnell’s second wife, Fionnuala / Ineen Dubh, who was the mother of the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell and his even younger brother, Rory O Donnell had already burnt down their Donegal Castle to stop the English Militia from taking it over also in Co. Donegal, and she had then gone personally over to Scotland to hire galloglasses (young foreign mercenary warriors) to assist them to take on the English Military forces, who were now also becoming more established in their Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill kingdom of Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal, (Fort of the Strangers,) and she was to return to Ireland in the late Summer. Among the most important galloglass Families to come into Ireland were to be the Mac Cabes, the Mac Donalds, the Mac Dowells, the Mac Rorys, the Mac Sheehys and the Mac Swineys / Sweeneys,

September: Felim O Toole the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge Chieftain, in Southern Leinster came to the Dublin Castle to notify the young Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell that his older half - brother, Donnell O Donnell had recently been killed by Mac Sweeney Doe's men during an internal O Donnell battle fo succession in Co. Donegal near Doire Leathain, that had occurred between his followers and the galloglasses in the service of his mother, Fionnuala / Ineen Dubh and another Christmas of imprisonment in the Dubin Castle was to pass, which was to be the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell's third year in The Devil's 1/2 acre, then another Easter, and then another Summer.  

      Brian O Rourke  / The O Rourke the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne King in their kingdom and territory of West Breifne in Co. Leitrim in Northern Connacht had also by now crossed over the bogs to escape from English captivity.

     One of Elizabeth 1st the Welsh Tudor English Queen's favourites, Sir Walter Raleigh was also now, once again, back in Ireland in the Munster Province.

1590 AD  The Old / English / Anglo - Irish also came out in rebellion this year, against Elizabeth 1st the Welsh Tudor English Queen's continuing ethnic and sectarian repression when the Kilcolman Castle, now held by Edmund Spencer, that was situated 2 mile west of Doneraile on the River Awbeg, was attacked by Fitz Gerald the Earl of Desmond, who was also trying to reclaim back his previously confiscated Estates in the Munster Province, and Edmund Spenser then left Ireland, and returned to England briefly with Sir Walter Raleigh, to be presented personally to Elizabeth 1st to whom he expressed the idea that the Irish Septs should be totally uprooted by the sword, while on the other hand Sir Walter Raleigh eventually came to stay in Ireland, and took a second well connected wife in Elizabeth Boyle the daughter of the English Earl of Shannon Despite his total disdain for the Irish, Edmund Spencer was quoted as saying, "I have heard some great warriors say that in all the service, which they had seen abroad in foreign countries they never saw a more comely horseman than the Irish man, nor one that cometh on more bravely in his charge."

     126.Aed Gavelach O Niall, (who was a son of 125.Shane O Niall - the Proud "Englands Greatest Fear" who had been the The O Niaill until they cut off his head and Catherine Mac Lean the previous wife of Calvagh O Donnell,) was now also executed who was a brother to 126.Art O Niall, and a younger half - brother to 126.Henry O Niall, who both were to be able to escape later on from out of the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre) also, with the young Aed Ruad / Red Hugh O Donnell who would eventually become The O Donnell in his own right while in the meantime 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall the English appointed second Earl of Tyrone, married to his older half - sister Siobhan, continued to petition the English authorities in the Dublin Castle for the release of the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell, but to no avail. So he sent Richard Weston with letters and a silken rope wrapped around his body to assist him to physically try to escape himself from out of the Dublin Castle, and although Lord Fitz William checked the letters, he failed to notice that Richard Weston was now so well built, and Richard Weston also advised the young Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell that many others were to come to see him and they too would carry more of the same rope until he finally had enough to physically escape from the grip of the English authorities himself from the Dublin Castle. Later on he also came to see him personally twice again, and he was then to be followed by Fergus O Farrell the Gaelic Milesian Irian King and two of his sons, who had their kingdom and territory in Co. Longford in the north - west of Northern Leinster just below the Ulster Province. On the second occasion of Richard Weston's visit he informed the young Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell that should he be able to escape by his own means that he was to head south to the Vale of Glenmalure, to the territory of the outstanding leader Fiacha mac Hugh O Byrne the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge King. After 3 years of permanent imprisonment, by the English in the Dublin Castle that was to ensure his physical removal from Ulster and any chance of influence over his "aged" father Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Donnell / The O Donnell now with the right amount of rope he was able to escape from the clutches of the English and the imprisonment and confinement of the Dublin Castle. The young Art Cavanagh / Kavanagh and Hugh O Toole, his 2 young companions, who were both from the Heremonian Cu Corb Septs in Southern Leinster were also able to escape with him, and they were then met outside by Donnell Cormac O Hanley who was a kern / foot soldier acting for Fergus O Farrell the Gaelic Milesian Irian King from Co. Longford in Northern Leinster, who also carried a stave to put in the door - ring to aid in their escape, and four swords to use to defend themselves if it became necessary. They fled out of Dublin town throughout the night and headed south, and passed by St. Werburgh’s Church towards the little bridge over the River Poddle, and from there they continued on towards the Wicklow Mountains, where they walked all night, going further up into the mountains towards Ballinacor, which was Fiach mac Hugh O Byrne’s stronghold in Glenmalure in Co. Wicklow in the south - east. The "young," Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell's feet were by then badly cut up, and he soon found that he could not walk any further, so they decided that Donnell O Hanley would stay with him, while Hugh O Toole set out for Castle Kevin, which was the stronghold of his brother, Felim O Toole, which was only a mile away. Donnell Cormac O Hanley and Art Cavanagh / Kavanagh decided to push on to Glenmalure so as to bring back Fiach mac Hugh O Toole himself, while the young Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell stayed there on his own until Hugh and Felim O Toole returned and took him physically back to Castle Kevin. To protect himself from the repercussions of the English appointed Lord Deputy, Felim O Toole sent off word to Dublin Castle that he had captured the young Aedh Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell and his own brother Hugh O Toole, and to tell Fiach mac Hugh O Byrne to pretend to attack Castle Kevin and carry off the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell to Glenmalure, before the English were to arrive to take them into custody. Unfortunately on this night the River Annamoe flooded and blocked all access to Glenmalure, and this allowed Sir George Carew the English appointed Lord Deputy for Elizabeth 1st, to arrive in time to take the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell back to Dublin Castle (the Devil's 1/2 acre) where he was put in the dungeon and tortured to try and get him to reveal those who had assisted him to escape and also the whereabouts of his other companions, but no matter what they did to him, he continued to resist all of their efforts to do so.

     126.Henry O Niall and 126.Art  O Niall who were both sons of the previously murdered 125.Shane O Niall - the Proud who had been "England’s Greatest Fear" and The O Niall in his own right, were now also put in to Dublin Castle as hostages by the English authorities with the newly captured "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell, and as 126.Art O Niall had also escaped previously, both of the O Niall brothers were also put in leg irons by the English authorities and 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall the English appointed 2nd Earl of Tyrone tried once again to tempt Lord Fitz William to allow them to have the opportunity to escape, but he was now more then ever just too frightened of what Elizabeth 1st the Welsh Tudor English Queen would do to him personally.

     Meanwhile the "aged" Aedh Dubh mac Aedh O Donnell, who had previously been the elected Prince /Tanaiste / heir - apparent under the Irish Brehon Law, for the postion in the Cenel  Conaill O Donnells, of The O Donnell who had his territory in the far - north - west of the Ulster Province, was making preparations in readiness should his own nephew, Niall Garbh O Donnell try and carry out an attack against him personally, if he too was to endeavour to gain this most important position for himself in the scheme of things. 

   In Co. Monaghan in Southern Ulster the English Military forces were continuing to use their "switching" method, playing one Irish Sept against the other, and during these conflicts Aed Ruadh - of Red Complexion Mac Mahon was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch King there, and 126.Aed Gavelach O Niall, the son of 125.Shane O Niall the Proud  / The O Niall, had already been executed by the English.    

     The "aged," Aed Dubh O Donnell's / The O Donnell daughter, Siobhan O Donnell who was married to 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall the English  appointed second Earl of Tyrone, who was also the older half - sister to the two young boys the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell and Rory O Donnell, died.

    One of the O Byrnes, who was a kinsman to Fiach mac Hugh O Byrne the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge King in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster, now came to visit the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell with another plan to attempt to escape once again from the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 Acre.).

Christmas Eve: It had been nearly 12 months since the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell had previously managed to escape from Dublin Castle, and a file was now smuggled in to him, which they used to remove the leg irons from the two O Niaill brothers, and the three of them then escaped down the privy shaft, courtesy of a further rope they had also supplied and 126.Henry O Niall took off on his own as he was now the Prince / heir apparent / Tanaiste of 125.Shane O Niaill who had been "England's Greates Fear"and the The O Niall and he feared what 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall the English appointed second Earl of Tyrone who was also in the running for The O Niaill position might have in mind for him. as he was well aware that Fiach mac Hugh O Byrne acted on his behalf. The "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell and 126.Art O Niaill with their guide headed off once again towards Glenmalure in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster, but 126.Art O Niaill collapsed along the way, so they put him in a cave where the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell stayed with him, with their guide then going on to Ballinacor alone. By the time the rescuers arrived 126.Art O Niall had not only been badly frost bitten but he had been frozen to death, and the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell was also in a very bad way, so they took him back to Ballinacor in Glenmalure, the stronghold of Fiach mac Hugh O Byrne. Turlough Buidhe - of the Yellow Hair O Hagan came down from 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall’s stronghold at Dungannon in the Ulster Province to take the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell home to Co. Donegal safely, and they rode back to the north passing by Dublin via Dundrum Castle with Walter Reagh Fitz Gerald, (who was Fiach mac Hugh O Byrne’s son - in - law) acting as their guide until they came to the River Boyne along with Fiach’s men. They then had to also by - pass Drogheda in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster by crossing the River Boyne by boat, with the boatmen then rowing back and taking their horses through the town to meet up with them on the other side, and from there they made it to Mellifont Abbey, which was also in Co. Louth, which was then the home of Sir Garrett Moore, were they stayed over, and two days later they arrived at Dundalk, where they had no choice but to ride straight through the town as the English forces were patrolling the countryside. (This region was at this time the northern boundary of The English Pale.) They finally arrived at 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niaill's Dungannon Castle in Ulster, were the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell met up with 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall’s daughter, 127.Rois O Niall for the first time, who was to dress his badly swollen feet.

      Meanwhile, due to the previous ongoing conflict among the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill Ui Domhnaill Septs because of the lack of any real overall leadership at this time, due to the depreciating physical and mental state of the "aged" Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Donnell /The O Donnell the English Militia under their commander, Willis were still in Donegal Friary in Co. Donegal in the O Donnell's territory in the west of the Ulster Province, continuing to carry out their raids on the surrounding countryside there, from Loch Erne to Glen Columbcille.

      The "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell was taken onto Hugh Maguire / The Maguire the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch Chief, at Enniskillen Castle, who was also his cousin, who was to carry out a great celebration in honour of his escape from the English authorities in the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre). Hugh Maguire had previously personally dared the English appointed Lord Deputy to send a sheriff to his territory in Co. Fermanagh in the south - west of the Ulster Province, providing he advised him of his “blood price” first, as he informed him that if he did he was sure to be killed by the Irish Septs there. Hugh Maguire then had the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell rowed across to the other side of Loch Erne were he was greeted by his previous young companion, Eogan O Gallagher, who escorted him on to Ballyshannon to Mac Dunleavy the Heremonian Dal Fiatach physician, who advised him not to stand on his feet at all, as he may lose them all together. His other previous young companion, Donnell Gorm Mac Sweeney then also came to see him, advising him that his father, the "aged" Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Donnell /The O Donnell was virtually a prisoner in what was left of Donegal Castle, and his mother, Fionnuala / Ineen Dubh had fled to the protection of Mac Sweeney Doe. There were by now many factions in the O Donnell's territory who were being stirred on by the English authorities in the Dublin Castle who were ready to make a move on the disturbed Cenel Conaill kingdom and territory in Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal, and he told him he would have to act now, or less it will be too late to do so, but he was afraid if he lost the use of his feet he would not be accepted under the Irish Brehon Law as the future The O Donnell if his father died. Donnell Gorm Mac Sweeney informed him that O Boyle and Donough Mac Sweeney Banagh and every other Irish Chieftain south of Bearnas Mor were ready to support him already as The O Donnell, as something had to be done about Willis and the English Militia garrison in the Donegal Friary, who were being allowed to do as they pleased, and were also holding many hostages there. Meanwhile Donough Mac Sweeney Banagh had already camped before the walls of the Donegal Friary trying to make his own personal stand against the English Militia there, and the "young" Aed Ruadh O Donnell then road up to meet him, and they shook hands, and the "young" Aed Ruadh O Donnell then advised him that he wanted to starve them out instead of a direct attack, as this would save all their lives, including those of the English Militia and their hostages, which would stop the English in the The English Pale surrounding Dublin calling for any retaliation against the Irish Septs in Ulster. Donough Mac Sweeney Banagh was not too happy about this mild approach, and as the days dragged on he was becoming more disturbed about it, until finally Willis broke and sent out a messenger to seek terms, and the "young" Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell told him to leave all the property and the cattle he had secured, and to make sure the hostages were unharmed, and the English Militia could then leave unharmed also, to which he agreed. The young Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell on returning to Mac Dunleavy his physician, had to have his two big toes amputated, and unfortunately it was to take another 12 months for them to heal over properly. which was time the O Donnell Septs in Ulster really did not have to spare.         

       Rathfran Dominican Abbey in the north of Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province, which was previously given to Thomas Essex was burnt down by Sir Richard Bingham the English officious Governor in Connacht, but the friars were to continue to stay there in the surrounding district still for another 100 years, and Bingham also constructed a fortress between Loch Key and Loch Arrow, where the region there was separated by a mile strip of land, to try and contain the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill O Donnells in the north - west of Ireland.

     John Mac Coghlan the son of Art Mac Coghlan the son of Cormac Mac Coghlan, the Heberian Dal gCais Prince / Tanaiste / heir apparent  of Delvin in Co. Offaly, died, and was to be succeeded by his son, John Oge - the Younger Mac Coghlan who was to be the last of the Sept who would be in an alliance with 126.Aodh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall who would eventually become The O Niaill and the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Ulster in 1598 AD.

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