RAINBOW FARMS AUSTRALIA                                            

                                                                                                                                                                      17th Century AD - 2.

1651 AD Charles 11 the previous Stuart Prince of Wales was crowned the King of Scotland at Scone, and he came up against Oliver Cromwell in September in the Battle of Worcester where he was defeated, and was able to escape into Normandy.

1652 AD General Monck subdued Scotland for the English "Puritan" Parliament, and an English Act was also passed by the "Puritan" Parliament for "Settling Ireland."

1653 AD Prince Rupert's English Royalist fleet was destroyed, and the "Rump" Parliament in England was dissolved by Oliver Cromwell, and the "Barebones" Parliament then met with a Protectorate instituted in England until 1660 AD who were now under Oliver Cromwell's overall total control.

     Under the "Act of Settlement" all Irish Catholics were to be "expelled" from out of the towns in Ireland, with William Petty / Lord Shelbourne the one to divide it up with all Catholic lands and property in Ireland to be "confiscated."

1657 AD Oliver Cromwell accepted the "Humble Petition and Advice" and became the Lord Protector of England, and the Irish and the Anglo - Irish / Old English in Ireland were now to be "transplanted" by Oliver Cromwell to "Hell or Connacht."

    The Fifth Monarchy men in England rose up against the terribe tyranny carried out by Oliver Cromwell who was now the "official" Protector of England.

1658 AD Oliver Cromwell, died, and his son, Richard Cromwell was to take over as the new Lord Protector of England until 1659 AD.

1659 AD The "Rump" Parliament in England was re - assembled, and Richard Cromwell abdicated, and the English Westminster Parliament was resumed.

1660 AD The "Long" Parliament was now "dissolved," and a new English Parliament was called, and the "Restoration" of Charles 11 to the monarchy was enacted and the Act of Union between Scotland and England was annulled.

April: Charles 11 made the "Declaration of Breda" on his conditions to accepting the English Crown, including pardoning most of his father's enemies, except for 50 of Oliver Cromwell's main supporters, of which 9 were to be "executed," and on April 23rd Charles 11 was "installed" in England as the third Stuart English King until 1685 AD who was the son of Charles 1st and Henrietta Maria of France a Catholic, and was married to Catherine of Braganza also a Catholic Princess, but they had no children of their own, although he was to produce 12 illegitimate children, including the ill - fated Duke of Monmouth. The Calvinist Presbyterian Parliamentarians in Scotland were then "denied access" to him and James 11, who was the Duke of York his brother was to be proclaimed the "future" Catholic heir who had secretly married Anne Hyde a non - Catholic commoner who became a Catholic later on.

1661 AD Episcopacy was "re - established" in Scotland again by decree, and the non - Conformists to the Ascendancy Episcopalian Church of England were proclaimed, and the "burning" of the Calvinist Presbyterian Solemn League and Covenant followed, with 70 of their ministers "removed" from their positions in Ireland by the Ascendancy English authorities in the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre) and the Corporation Act was introduced in the English Westminster Parliament as the first of the Statutes to be now issued against the "Puritans" themselves. The Fifth Monarchy men in England now rose up against Charles 11 also, and Thomas Venner their leader, and 16 others were "beheaded."

1662 AD The "Press Act" was introduced in England. and also another "Act of Uniformity," leading on to the "ejection" of many of the clergy, which was the beginning of the Ascendancy English non - Conformity, and Patronage was restored by the Parliament in Scotland and the "merchants" in the new Ascendancy English Parliament were back in charge again, and an "English Act" was then passed by the "merchants" in the Parliament," To forbid the export of Irish wool,"

     To make James 11 the future Catholic Duke of York's succession acceptable to the Ascendancy, James's oldest  daughter, Mary, was committed to later marry her cousin the non - Catholic Dutch Prince, William of Orange. 

    An "Act for the Settlement of Ireland" was passed in the English Ascendancy Parliament.

1663 AD 800 claims were heard for the re - instatement of the Oliver Cromwell "confiscated" land in Ireland, of which 700 were "confirmed" for the return of the land with more claims to be heard, which frightened many of those previous "foreign" planters who had also been put in during Oliver Cromwell's rule, while another "Merchant Act"  was passed by the "merchants" in the Ascendancy English Parliament in England, "To restrict Irish trade with the Colonies and cattle exports to England during June and December." 

1665 AD Another "English Act" was introduced by the "merchants" in control of the Parliament there, that Irish export of cattle, milk, butter and cheese was"forbidden," and the "First Conventicle Act" was passed in England, and the "Five Mile Act "  that non - Conformists to the Ascendancy Episcopalian Church of England in Ireland "must not" conduct services within 5 miles of a town. 

      The Great London Plague also occurred and 100,000 people were to die there in England.

1666 AD The "merchants" in the English Westminster Parliament now made the "prohibition" for the export of live cattle from Ireland during June and December "absolute," while the Great Fire of London ended the Plague.

      France now under Louis X1V the Sun King declared War against England, and the Covenanters in Scotland were defeated in the Battle of Rullion Green.

1667 AD An English Westminster Parliament Act was now introduced also "against" the Irish cattle trade.

        A secret "Treaty" was made between Charles 11 and Louis X1V the Sun King.

       James Butler the twelfth English Earl of Ormonde was appointed back in Ireland to represent Charles 11, and the strong anti - Catholic hard - liner the Earl of Clarendon was out in England and the English Cabal ministry took over.

1668 AD James the Duke of York and his wife, Anne Hyde became Catholics, but they had previously raised their 2 daughters, Mary and Anne, as Episcopalian non - Catholics to appease the Ascendancy in control in England while their third daughter, Charlotte was to marry a Catholic, which would "exclude" her from any chance of the Ascendancy idea of monarchy.

1969 AD James Butler the twelfth English Earl of Ormonde was recalled from Ireland.

1670 AD An English Navigation Act was passed by the "merchants" in the English Westminster Parliament "prohibiting" the importation of goods by the Irish from the Colonies, ensuring that they were first landed in England, and the introduction of the Second Conventicle Act by the English Parliament. The "Secret Treaty of Dover" was agreed to between Charles 11 and Louis X1V the Sun King.

      First Declaration of Indulgence was issued in England.   Rob Roy Mac Gregor was born in Scotland.

1672 AD Calvinistic Presbyterian Church ministers were now "granted" a yearly remuneration of 600 pounds a year in Ireland to try and win them over and stop them fraternizing with the Catholic Irish.

        Charles 11 the Stuart King of England tried to introduce "religious freedom" with a Royal Declaration of Indulgence, but it was "denied" by the Ascendancy English Parliament.

1673 AD The "Test Act"  was passed by the Ascendancy English Parliament barring Catholics from holding Public Office, and James the Duke of York, and Lord High Admiral gave up that position, as the Parliament tried to force him to swear to"The Test Act" to conform to the Ascendancy Church of England, and he also married Mary of Modena an Italian Catholic Princess who was to eventually produce a young son, (actually 2 sons and 5 daughters altogether later still), which did not go down too well with the Ascendancy and Charles 11 had to cancell the Declaration of Indulgence.

     John Sobieski  a Catholic Polish leader defeated the Muslim Turks stopping their overall "advance" against Christianity and the Old Pretender, James 111 was to marry his daughter and produce Bonnie Prince Charlie. 

1674 AD English Militia were sent by the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre) authorities in Ireland up into the Ulster Province to counteract the strong Calvinistic Presbyterian influence that was increasing there.

    John Sobieski was elected the Catholic King of Poland.

1675 AD The Earl of Shaftsbury actually organized the first "Opposition Party" in the Ascendancy English Parliament, which saw the beginnings of the "Whigs" as opposed later on to the Conservatives.

        Letters of Intercommunicating in Scotland against the "Covenanters. "

       John Sobieski the Catholic King of Poland defeated the Muslim Turks again and a "Treaty" followed.

1677 AD EnglishMilitia were sent up into the Ulster Province again by the Dublin Castle authorities to further "counteract" the growing Calvinist Presbyterian influence there, with another force of English troops to be sent to Belfast Loch in preparation to be forwarded on to Scotland to take on the Parliament in Scotland and an Act was passed  "To forbid Sunday Sports." 

    William the Prince of Orange who was now 27 years old and a non - Catholic was married to James the Duke of York's, (who was his cousin) 15 year old daughter, Mary Stuart against her father's wishes, and they were to produce no children, but would come to reign over the English Ascendancy Parliament to continue on with the Ascendancy control.

1678 AD Titus Oates was put up to instigating a "false" Popish Plot to kill Charles 11, that created an opportunity for those in the English Ascendancy Parliament to then produce an "Exclusion Bill" to remove the future James 11, the Catholic brother of Charles 11 from the line of succession to the English throne.

       The "Murder" of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey.

1679 AD Archbishop Sharp was "murdered" by Covenanters in Scotland.

      The "Exclusion Bill" was passed in the English Ascendancy Parliament by the "Whig Party" to exclude James the Catholic Duke of York, with the anti - exclusion Tory Party allied to Charles 11 who then "dissolved" the English Parliament, and he was now to rule England "personally" until he died. (There had also been various Plots in the 1670's to return the "Puritans" once again to power in England).

     The "Battle of Drumclo" occurred in which the Covenanters in Scotland defeated Graham of Claverhouse followed by the Battle of Bothwell Bridge where the Covenanters in Scotland were defeated by the Duke of Monmouth, Charles 11's "illegitimate" son.

 1680 AD Another "English Act "was passed by the "merchants" in the English Ascendancy Parliament to ban the "export" of Irish cattle, milk, butter and cheese, again.

      Petitioners and Abhorrers were "for and against" the "Exclusion Bill," which saw the beginning of the English political Party system and the English House of Lords rejected the Exclusion Bill.

     Sanquhar Declaration in which the Covenanters in Scotland disowned Charles 11, followed by the "Battle of Aird's Moss" at Ayshire in Scotland where the Covenanter leader, Richard Cameron was killed.

1681 AD Donald Cargill was "executed" in Scotland.

1683 AD Anne the Episcopalian reared non - Catholic second daughter of James the Catholic Duke of York married George the Prince of Denmark and although she was to have 18 pregnancies only one, William, was to survive who would never be physically well, who became the young Duke of Gloucester who later also died. The City of London charter was "forfeited."

    The Rye House Plot against Charles 11 was discovered and Algernon Sidney and Russell were "executed."  John Sobieski the Catholic King of Poland now also relieved "Vienna" from the siege of the Muslim Turks.

1685 AD February: Charles 11 became a Catholic and died at 54 years of age, and in April: James 11 now 51 years of age became James V11 the King of Scotland and James 11 the fourth Stuart English Catholic King until 1688 AD, who was the third son of Charles 1st and Henrietta Maria of France, and there was a new policy introduced of "Toleration" for all religions in England, but one of Charles 11's illegitimate sons, the Duke of Monmouth proclaimed himself the King of England also and along with the Duke of Argyll in Scotland (who were both to be funded by the Dutch, began a two pronged "rebellion" in England that eventually failed at Sedgemoor, and both were "executed." James 11 then tried to bring In "religious equality" to which the English Ascendancy Parliament objected and he "dismissed" them. A further 10,000 "foreign" Huguenot / French Calvinist "planters" arrived into Ireland from France this year. Judge Jeffreys ruled over the "Bloody Assizes" held in England. Richard Talbot the future Catholic Earl of Tyrconnell in Ireland was appointed the commander - in Chief in Ireland for James 11.

1687 AD Ireland's population now stood at 2,000,000. James 11 the Stuart Catholic King of England issued the "Second Declaration of Indulgence" to promote "religious equality" and he now appointed Richard Talbot, the future Catholic Earl of Tyrconnell, the Lord Deputy / Viceroy in Ireland.

1688 AD 7 of the Ascendancy Episcopalian Bishops in England were "acquitted" of opposing James 11's policy of "religious toleration." June 10th: James 11 the Stuart Catholic King of England produced a son, James Francis Edward Start / Old Pretender, which upset a group of powerful Ascendancy nobles in England who are known as the "Immortal Seven" who invited William of Orange to invade England and take over the English monarchy from James 11, to maintain the Ascendancy. November: William of Orange the Dutch non - Catholic ruler of Holland arrived at Torbay in England with 24,000 troops, and the "merchants" in the English Ascendancy Parliament were to put him in as the new Dutch King of England. December: James 11 tried to flee to France, but was "captured," and eventually "escaped" to the protection of his cousin, Louis X1V the Catholic Sun King in France.

1689 AD The Ascendancy Parliament in England declared that James 11 had "abdicated". April: The Glorious Revolution - William 111 of Orange and James 11's daughter Mary, were inaugurated jointly as the "monarchs" of England, and Mary was to be Queen of England until her death in 1694 AD, and a "Bill of Rights" was passed by the English Ascendancy Parliament restricting the English monarchy to their consent, therefore making them "financially dependant" on the "merchants" in the English ascendancy Parliament. James 11 went to Ireland to gain Irish support and the Parliament in Scotland declared that James 11 has "forfeited" the Crown of Scotland also. The Duke of Schomberg the Dutch General Marshall also landed in Ireland with 10,000 Williamite Militia to support William of Orange and the "Siege of Derry" was to occur in Ireland. Toleration Act passed in England. The "Battle of Killiecrankie" and Claverhouse / Viscount Dundee was killed in Scotland. James 11's forces were defeated in the "Battle of Newtown Butler" in Ireland. 9 Bishops including Sancroft of Canterbury and 400 clergy left the Ascendancy Church of England as they could not take an oath to William 111 of Orange as they were bound to James 11. This High Church / Low Church schism was now to last until 1805 AD and was to "weaken" the Ascendancy Church of England.

1690 AD William of Orange landed in Ireland at Carrickfergus together with 36,000 men and the "Battle of the Boyne" occurred and James 11's Irish forces were "defeated" and he fled to France and the Duke of Schomberg the Dutch General, was killed. The "First Siege of Limerick" in Ireland by William of Orange and his Williamite forces "destroy" more churches then Oliver Cromwell had done previously.

     The Parliament in Scotland "abolished" the "Lords of the Articles and Lay Patronage" and re - established Presbyterianism and become the real power in Scotland.

1691 AD De Ginkel the Dutch General captured Athlone in Ireland for William of Orange, and in the "Battle of Aughrim" defeated St. Ruth the French General who was killed, who had an Irish force of 14,000 men, with some going to protect Galway in the Connacht Province and the others to Limerick in the Munster Province. The City of Galway "surrendered" and made an agreement with De Ginkel. The "Second Siege of Limerick" occurred later this year and the "Violated Treaty of Limerick" was agreed to by Patrick Sarsfield / Lord Lucan on behalf of James 11 and the Irish forces. The Williamite Wars ended in Ireland with more "confiscations" of Irish land and further repression, with increased "sectarian violence" with new Irish Penal Laws introduced by the Ascendancy who were now once again "completely in control" in Ireland also. (The Latin for James was Jacobus, which led on to the term of Jacobites who became the ongoing "supporters" of James 11).  Lord Gormanston the Viscount of Ireland refused to give up his Catholic faith and Lord Dillon took over.

1692 AD  The Anglo Ascendancy Parliament in Ireland was closed down by the English Deputy, and the Highlands massacre at Glencoe was carried out in Scotland.

1694 AD December: Mary the Ascendancy Queen of England, died at 32 years of age, and William of Orange ruled then on his own, but he was"not popular," and she had left no Ascendancy heir.

      The High Church of England / Catholic could not accept William of Orange 111 as the Dutch King of England. (At this time England was in an alliance with the Dutch and the Austrians against Louis X1V the Catholic Sun King King of France).

1695 AD  Freedom of the Press was finally established in England and further anti - Catholic legislation was passed in Ireland by the Ascendancy Anglo Parliament there.

1697 AD The Anglo Ascendancy Parliament in Ireland "refused" to ratify the "Articles of the "Violated Treaty of Limerick" as agreed to previously with Patrick Sarsfield, and "sectarianism" became even worse in Ireland under the Ascendancy.

1698 AD An Act, was passed by the "merchants" again in the English Ascendancy Parliament "To forbid the export of Irish woollen goods to any Country whatsoever," and the previously introduced "foreign planters" in Ireland and their families also began to further "emigrate" to "America," while Molyneux in the Anglo Ascendancy Parliament in Ireland declared that "England had no right to make laws for Ireland."

1699 AD Another English Woollen Goods Act prohibiting the "export of woollen goods" from Ireland, was instituted by the "merchants" in the English Ascendancy Parliament, and due to all of this ongoing commercial oppression also Irish Nationalism was now being considered more frequently in Ireland.

   John Kirgaun of Mousehole in Cornwall formed a group to promote the Cornish Celtic language.

1700 AD The population in Ireland was now at 2,000,000.

     An "Act of Resumption" was passed in the English Ascendancy Parliament to resume all Irish land that had previously been granted by William of Orange to his followers.

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