1831 - 1835 AD

                                                                                                       "Daniel O Connell the Liberator - Whigs - Liberals - Enforced Tithes."

1831 AD The population of Ireland had by now risen to approximately 7,7000,000.

   To try and stop any further attempts at "reform" the British Imperial Conservative Government in England went on the attack against the yearly 40 / - Shilling Leases = 2 pounds of Irish "tenant farmers" to qualify "to vote," as it was now increased "officially" to 10 pounds, which did as they had expected it to do by "severely reducing" the numbers in Ireland who would now have the right "to vote" down to 92,000 or just over 1% of the population, and this then meant that the Irish "tenants" on the "smaller holdings" had now "lost" their value to the Land Lords, as far as for voting purposes, (The "tenant farmers" in Ireland were now to be the very "lowest" members once again in the rungs of society as Scalpeens -  penny scythes, who were now trying to exist on "wastelands" in the "mountains and bogs." Also the Conacre ½ = 2 acres, now lasted for "one season only," with the growing of "potatoes and oats" with their potatoes stored in pits.

January 13th: To ensure that they succeeded even further in their quest  to "demoralize" the Irish population further the British Imperial Government had the Marquis of Anglesey, the British Government "Whig" Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, "ban" all Irish Associations under any name whatsoever, and Daniel O Connell - the Liberator was also "arrested" by the British Imperial Government's authorities in the Dublin Castle (The Devill's 1/2 Acre), to try and "stop" his momentum in bringing about further "reform" for the population in Ireland.

     131.William - Smith O Brien, who had been born at the Dromoland Castle of the Smith - O Briens in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province,  and educated at Trinity College became the M.P. for Ennis there, and was to bring back some honour and creditability in his fight for Catholic Irish rights, to his Irish Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain ancestors who had previously gone over to the English Ascendancy side for their own personal survival and married English women of property.

March 21st: The Britsh Imperial Whig Government in England, now had a "majority," with the the block votes of Daniel O Connell - the Liberator' who was still attempting to bring about further "reform" by still being connected to them as the M. P. for Co. Clare in the Westminster Parliament, as Lord John Russell, who was an Anglo non - Catholic, had been the Tory Conservative M.P for Bandon in Co. Cork in Southern Munster until 1830 AD, were he had advocated Parliamentary "reform", and the "abolition" of  the "Enforced Tithes" to the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland in the Westminster Parliament. Later on Lord John Russell was to become Viscount Palmerston, and join the "Whigs / Liberals" and eventually be elected their leader and British Liberal Prime Minister and was then to change his previous positive attitude to the problems in Ireland. The Marquis of Anglesey, the British Imperial "Whig" Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, now "resigned in disgust" with the "Whig" Government's continuing "oppressive policies" in Ireland and stated, "No one can expect a whole population to lie down and starve patiently, the Irish will do what they ought, if justice is done to them and if consideration of their miseries is not long delayed."

March: 21st: The 2nd Reading of the 1st Reform Bill was carried in the British Westminster House of Commons, by a "majority" of only 1.

April: A "hostile" Amendment was now carried in the British Westminster Parliament in England.

April 22nd: The British Westminster Parliament was "dissolved" and a "majority" for "reform" were now elected under Sir Charles the second Lord Grey who would be the new British Imperial Whig Prime Minister until 1834 AD.

September: The "non - denominational education" system that was now being operated by the Kildara Place Society was transferred to their Commissioners for National Education, which was a newly appointed British Government Board, who were meant to represent the three main religious groups the Anglicans, the Catholics and the Presbyterians.

October 8th: The "unelected" British Conservative controlled House of Lords "vetoed" the 1st Reform Bill, in its 2nd Reading.

December 14th: 2,000 Irish "tenant farmer" supporters clashed with 40 R.I.C police who were carrying out the "collection" of the "Enforced Tithes" in Carrickshock in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster, with the Chief Constable and 16 of his men were killed and 70 people being wounded, and Daniel O Connell - the Liberator was to represent 25 of the men who were there, who were to be put on trial later for "murder," while 183 Police Disablement Pensions were also paid out in an endeavour to obtain some "partiality" within the R.I.C police force in Ireland. 

1832 AD Churchtown in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province was burnt down during the "White Boys" riots, which also saw the "last" public "execution" of a woman in Ireland.

    The Parliamentary Seats that were now allowed for the Irish M.P. s in the British Westminster Parliament, had by now "increased" in number from 100 to 105, with the election of 5 further M.P.s there, but Daniel O Connell's plea to "reintroduce" the 40 / - Shilling / 2 pound Freeholders' "right to vote" was continued to be "ignored," while the franchise in the boroughs was still kept at 10 pounds also for the "right to vote," which was to continue to "exclude" all those voters previously who had, had their rights taken away under Sir Robert "Orange" Peel.  

     Stanley, the English Earl of Derby, who was now the British "Whig" Chief Secretary, put forward a "British Act" to make "composition" of the "Enforced Tithe" money payment compulsory, as due to the "Tithe Wars," the British Imperial Government had granted the Ascendancy Church of England ministers in Ireland, 60,000 pounds allowance, in regard to these "Enforced Tithes" that they considered were "still owed to the" by the general population in Ireland, who were well and truly struggling by now to pay them and were also in "arrears." The British Imperial Whig Government authorities in the Dublin Castle (The Devill's 1/2Acre), then began "ruthlessly" trying to collect the "Enforced Tithes" themselves from the Irish "tenant farmers," but after a month, even with their totally "aggressive" actions that they were now carrying out on the Irish population, they were only able to collect 12,000 pounds, which had cost them 27,000 pounds to do so, causing the Irish "tenants" and their families a lot of "heartache and misery." According to their calculations, there was still a further 1,000,000 pounds outstanding on these "Proscribed Tithes," while at the same time by their actions, they had further "alienated" the "majority" of the population in Ireland. Their resolve in this matter on behalf of the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland, also revived the "Secret Societies" who were to act in "defence" of the "tenant farmers" in Ireland and their families, and also those "tenants"in Ireland who either "refused" to pay or "could not" possibly pay, began to gather together in "large crowds" in such a "common cause." Lord Charles Grey, the British Imperial "Whig" Prime Minister in England, was forced to report to the "unelected" Ascendancy British House of Lords, who had the "veto" over any decisions of the Westminster Parliament that in relation to these "Enforced Tithes" to the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland in Ireland, 242 people had been killed, during the collection and there were another 300 attempted killings, and many hundreds of "assaults" had been carried out. Lord John Russell the first Earl Russell called this "Reform Bill" the "final one" and it became commonly known as John's Finality.

    Daniel O Connell's Irish Repeal Association set up to repeal the "Immoral Union" with Britain, and give Ireland its "own" Parliament and Government, "excited" the population in Ireland, who could now see a "light" at the end of the tunnel, and this was to stop the "lawless insurrections" up until 1844 AD, as the "Secret Societies" became more "subdued" now, as they were "hoping" they might receive some further democratic justice.

June 7th: Sir Charles Grey, the second Earl Grey, who was now the British Imperial "Whig" Prime Minister in England, brought in the "Reform Act," after he threatened to resign if William IV the German Hanoverian British King, did not increase the total number of "Peers" to bring about "change" in the "unelected" Conservative Ascendancy controlled House of Lords attitude, who still had the "veto" over "all legislation" in the Westminster Parliament as they had once again "vetoed" his "reform" measure to spread the "voting rights," and this particular action was to lead on to the beginning of the actual "Liberal Party," finally coming into being and replacing the more Conservative Torys and Whigs. 

     During this year there was another terrible "Cholera" outbreak, which further stimulated the "migration" to North America, with half of those going from the Ulster Province, and also increasing further "migration" from the Connacht Province, the Leinster Province and the Munster Province.

     James Fintan Lalor, the father of Australia's Peter Lalor who was to be involved in the "Insurrection" at the "Eureka Stockade" there, and who was a son of  Patrick Lalor from the Gaelic Milesian Irian Sept, was to be the M.P. for Co. Offaly, in their original territory in the mid - west of Southern Leinster until 1835 AD.

   Cornelius O Brien, a Land Lord with 10,000 acres, was to also be the "Liberal" M.P. for Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province, in the Westminster Parliament until 1847 AD, taking over from Daniel O Connell - the LIberator in representing the "The Banner County" / Co. Clare and by now 131.William - Smith O Brien who was now 30 years of age from Co. Clare had served in the Westminster Parliament until 1832 AD when the "Reform Bill" was passed

   The second English Earl of Dunraven, began constructing Adare Manor, and was to finish it in 1862 AD, and the third Earl of Dunraven was to also later on construct the village of Adare in Co. Limerick in the north - west of Munster.

  The Catholic Cistercian monks returned to Ireland at Mt. Melleray in Co. Waterford in the south - east of Munster Province, and the Catholic Jesuit Order constructed St. Francis Xavier's Church in Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster.

   Michael Collins the Heberian Eoghanacht Ui Fidgeinti Bishop of Cloyne, died whose "namesake" would play a "major" part in the future Century in bringing about the beginning of "Irish Freedom" from the British Imperil Government.                    

1833 AD Daniel O Connell -- the Liberator wanted to bring about, the "total abolition" of the "Enforced Tithes" to the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland that was being imposed on all of the "tenant farmers" in Ireland who were on all of the Land Lords' confiscated Estates, and a reduction in the Ascendancy Established Church of England itself, and a change in the way "magistrates" were selected, but instead the British Imperial Whig Government in England under Sir Charles Grey, only cancelled the "Enforced Tithes" to the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland, and "converted their arrears" into a "rent charge," and only "rationalised" the Ascendany Church of England / Ireland.

February: There were still 4 Ascendancy Church of England Archbishops, 18 Ascendancy Bishops and 1,400 Ascendancy clergy to be "maintained" in Ireland for what amounted to only 1/10th of the "adherents" in the population, as in some areas there were "no adherents" at all, and there was therefore a continuing "non - compliance" by the "tenant farmers" in Ireland and their families over the collection of the "compulsory Tithes" in Ireland to support the Ascendancy Established Church of England. The Catholic Irish and other Dissenters / non  Conformists had been previously "forced" to pay up for Centuries, but had finally made a determined stand over the denial of the previously promised Catholic Emancipation. This had then given them the courage to seek further reforms, and Sir Charles Grey / second Lord Grey the British Whig Prime Minister, weighing it all up was forced to introduce a Reform Bill for the Ascendancy Established Church of England / Ireland, that saved 70,000 pounds a year. Stanley / Lord Derby the British Chief Secretary in Ireland left Ireland and his position in Ireland under the Marquis of Anglesey the British Lord Lieutenant in Ireland.

      Cornwall Lewis, commented that, "The rural authority had failed, and the Secret Societies were like Trade Unions, protecting the Irish peasantry." The official view, was more towards reforming the British Government's Dublin Castle's R.I.C Police, and they introduced the Police Prevention / Coercion Act, which was to last one year, and was very "severe" on the Irish population, and the Marquis of Anglesey the British Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, was further empowered to "suppress" all public meetings in Ireland, and declare any of the 32 Counties to be under "British Martial Law." Daniel O Connell, - the Liberator denounced this policy of the Whig Government in Britain, that was to be carried out in Ireland against the Irish population as base and brutal, but James Warren Doyle, the Catholic Archbishop of Kildare & Leighlin, gave it his support, fearing total mayhem otherwise due to the prevailing conditions, while Edward Bulwer, informed the Westminster Parliament that," This quick alternation of kicks and kindness is a system that would make the most credulous people distrustful and the mildest, ferocious."

July:  Richard Colley Wellesley, the second Earl of Mornington, the older 73 year old brother of Sir Arthur Wellesley the Duke of Wellington the former British Tory Prime Minister, was appointed the new British Lord Lieutenant in Ireland to replace the Marquis of Anglesey.

August: The Established Church Bill Temporalities Act, became British Law.

   The Poor Law in England, was reformed, and Richard Whateley the Ascendancy Church of England Archbishop of Dublin, was appointed as chairman to inquire into the need for a Poor Law in Ireland also, but it was not to finish its report until 3 years later in 1836 AD, as he personally had no time either for the Irish or Ireland itself, while Lord John Russell, introduced the 1st Irish Poor Law Bill into the Westminster Parliament in England.

   Robert Bermingham Clements the Land Lord, who now held the land of the O Raghnalls / O Reynolds  from the Gaelic Milesian Irian Conmaicne Magh Rein Muinter Eoluis / Eolais Sept, whose territory and kingdom had been on Lough Rynn at Mohill in Co. Leitrim in the north - west of the Connacht Province, that had been previously confiscated by the English Galls in 1621 AD under James 1st, was created Viscount Clements.

1834 AD Daniel O Connell - the Liberator forced by pressures at home in Ireland, now introduced debate in the British House of Commons in the Westminster Parliament for the Repeal of the Immoral Union of Ireland with England, where he was defeated by 523 - 38 votes, so he continued on with his Repeal action in Ireland instead, and also began to co - operate further with the Whig Party again, to try and have some further influence as to their outlook. 

     Lead, was discovered in Clooney - Quin  in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province, with 18 mines beginning to operate, with the lead being sent to Wales to smelter.

    Work was now also begun on St. Andrew's Catholic Church in Dublin up to 1843 AD.

     John Mitchell, graduated with Thomas Davis from Trinity College in Dublin, and their cohort Martin became a Land Lord after inheriting the Aston Estate near Lochhome in Co. Down in the south - east of the Ulster Province.

May: Both John Mitchell and Martin joined the Irish Repeal Association before Thomas Francis Meagher / Maher, and John Mitchell was also contributing articles to the Irish Patriot newspaper, "The Nation."

June: A new Bill was introduced into the British Parliament at Westminster, to "appropriate" the "Enforced Tithe" monies of the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland, for secular purposes, and was supported by Lord John Russell, and this upset Stanley / Lord Derby, and he along with 3 other members in the British Cabinet left the "Whig" Ministry.

July: Sir Charles Grey / second Lord Grey, then "resigned" as the British Imperial "Whig" Prime Minister in England, as he also had ahead of him the renewal of the "Coercion Act" in Ireland, and Sir Robert "Orange" Peel was to be re - installed as the new Imperial Conservative Tory Prime Minister, but after only a few weeks he too also "resigned" from the position and William Lamb, the second Viscount Melbourne, was to become the new British Imperial Conservative Whig Prime Minister in England, off and on, until 1838 AD, with a newly constructed Cabinet for a few months, when all of the "slaves" in the British Imperial Empire were freed. Daniel O Connell - the Liberator with both the second Lord Grey and Stanley / Lord Derby out of the "Whig" Cabinet, became more closely associated with the "Whigs."

December: Sir Robert "Orange" Peel, took over once again, as the new British Imperial Prime Minister of the Conservative Tory Government in England until 1835 AD.  

    An "Act" was passed in the British Westminster Parliament, for Great Britain "only," to allow all "ratepayers" the right to vote in Municipal Corporation elections.

    The Dublin to Kingstown Railway became the first one in Ireland.

   The first Irish Catholic hospital of St. Vincent's, was founded by the "Sisters of Charity," who were to run six such hospitals in the Dublin area in the north - east of Southern Leinster.  

   James Warren Doyle / JKL  who had been born in 1786 AD the Augustinian priest, who had become the Bishop of Kildare & Leighlin, who was highly respected by all as a champion of Catholic Emancipation, "died" this year whose Cathedral in Carlow in Co. Carlow in Southern Leinster had been completed 6 years previously in 1793 AD, situated next to St. Patrick's Seminary.

1835 AD The Ossory Catholic Diocese in the south - west of Southern Leinster, became one of 5 comprising the ecclesiastical province of Dublin taking in the greater part of Co. Kilkenny, the whole of the Barony of Ossory in Co. Offaly, and the parish of Seirkyran in Co. Laois in the mid - west of Southern Leinster.

March: Daniel O Connell - the Liberator negotiated the "Lichfield House Compact" with the "Whigs" and the "Radicals" in the British Westminster Parliament, and then started to assist William Lamb / Lord Melbourne and Lord John Russell to build up the "Whig" majority, which gave him some "influence" over their policies in Ireland.

April: The "Whigs," "Radicals" and Daniel O Connell's block vote, forced Sir Robert "Orange" Peel this year to "resign" as the Conservative Tory Prime Minister in England, when Lord John Russell in "Opposition" was successful in proposing a Bill to use part of the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland "Enforced Tithes" collected in Ireland for "secular" use, and a "Whig Coalition" was in Government again, with William Lamb / Viscount Melbourne as the British Imperial Whig Prime Minister until 1841 AD, and Lord John Russell as the Home Secretary, who was directly responsible for " Irish Affairs." Daniel O Connell, was now expecting "great reforms," and as a consequence backed off pushing the Repeal of the Immoral Union issue any further.

Summer: A Bill was passed in the British Westminster Parliament to use part of the "enforced Tithes," for "secular" use, as proposed previously by Lord John Russell, and also to "reform" the Tithe System altogether, but the "unelected" Conservative Ascendancy controlled House of Lords in Westminster wanted them prepared as "separate" Bills, and they then accepted the "reform" of the Tithe System itself, but "rejected" the appropriation of the Enforced Tithes, so the "Whig" Coalition Government "abandone" the Bill altogether.

     The British Imperial Whig Government authority in the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 Acre), after 650 years of "ongoing persecution" in Ireland up until now, had finally became an "ally" to the "majority" Catholic Irish and Dissenters / non Conformists, due to the outstanding personal ability of Daniel O Connell - the Liberator" and the newly growing "Liberals," as it was now under the control of Lord Mulgrave, who was the appointed British Lord Lieutenant in Ireland and he had Lord Morpeth as his Chief Secretary, and also more importantly appointed "Thomas Drummond," a Scotsman, to be the Under Secretary, who was for "impartiality" by the administration, and "tolerance," and Lord Mulgrave also removed Gossett as the Under - Secretary, who he saw as only a "hindrance" to any further "progress" in Ireland. Thomas Drummond, was now to reorganize the British Government's Dublin Castle R.I.C Police, to try and ensure "impartiality" up to 1840 AD, and Michael O Loughlin, a young associate of Daniel O Connell, was appointed to the Solicitor - General position and later on in the year to that of Attorney - General.  

     A Commission of Inquiry, was set up into the Municipal Corporations in Ireland, which were so badly run and in a bad state of affairs under the long Ascendancy control, but it was to be held up once again, by the "unelected" British Ascendancy controlled Conservative House of Lords in England and although there were 68 Corporate cities and Boroughs, which had been nominally open to the Catholic Irish since 1793 AD, in reality all were controlled by the Ascendancy, except one and the "unelected" Conservative Ascendancy controlled House of Lords, feared that the Catholic Irish might "gain control"over them, so any mention of "reform" was delayed for a further 5 years, and even then it was to be far "less" liberal then in England.

    Daniel O Connell's supporter "Thomas Wyse," was now to be the M.P. for Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province until 1847 AD and William Smith - O Brien became the M.P. for Limerick in Co. Limerick in the mid - north - west of Munster until 1848 AD.  

   "Blind" Antony Rafferty / Antoine Ua Raithbheartaigh, died this year, and was to be the "last" poet / bard of Ireland, and in 1903 AD Douglas Hyde, a non - Catholic who would become the 1st President of the Irish Republic, would collect his poems and songs to be published that year.

  Clontarf Castle at Clontarf in Co. Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster was rebuilt by Sir Richard Marmion. 

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