1866 - 1868 AD
"Provisional Irish Government - Clann na Gael - William Ewart Gladstone."
1866 AD Paul Cullen the Catholic Archbishop became the first Irishman to become a Cardinal, and was from a family of 16 children.
The
Habeus Corpus Act
(Give up the Body) was ""suspended" again by the
British
Conservative Government in Ireland.
March:
Although
James Stephens
had by now set up a
"Provisional Irish
Government"
and planned for an
"Irish Uprising"
in Ireland against the continuing
"oppression"" of the British Conservative Government he
"postponed" it again, which
was"the last straw for those who supported the implantation of the cause from
the
Clann na Gael
/ American
Brotherhood in
America and
they decided to ""depose him from
his position and appoint
Colonel Thomas
J. O Kelly, the
Irish - American
War
veteran,
as the
""Acting Chief
Organizer of the Irish
Republic
and he was then personally to return
from New
York to
Ireland
to take over overall command of
the I.R.B.\ Irish
Republican Brotherhood in
Ireland.
July: Thousands of Irish ex - American Civil War"" veterans invaded"" the British Imperial Government's colony nearby in Canada to draw attention to Ireland's plight, which was carried out by the American Brotherhood"" with their veterans there under John O Neill a Union Army Officer who was physically able to reach the border region near Buffalo in New York, but his men were then forced to "surrender" to the "American" troops.
The British Conservative Government was to release John Devoy from prison and "exile" him from out of Ireland, and he was to go to America were he would personally head the Clann na Gael / The Organization and he would able to gain ""finance to promote many of their projects to try and gain Irish Freedom up until 1922 AD.
A Government of Ireland Reform Bill was introduced by William Ewart Gladstone the Scotchman and Statesman, into the British Westminster Parliament were 28 Irish Peers were to remain members for life out of the 75 members there, while in the second order there were to be 204 members with both bodies to sit together.
The Dominican Order laid the foundation stone for their priory at Tralee in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province after having previously re - established there presence there in 1861 AD.
1867 AD The Catholic Cathedral at Emly in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province, that had been previously confiscated by the Ascendancy Church of England, under the confiscations of all things Catholic by Henry V111 was now "destroyed" due to their disestablishment" and after the Catholic parish priest there tried to "buy" it back, and some of the material was used at Monard on the "new" Ascendancy Church of England, which is now also long gone.
The
"Invincible Party"
in
Ireland,
which was also pushing for
"Irish
Independence"
from the
British Imperial Conservative
Government
created a Fenian
Rebellion in
Dublin
in the north - east of
Southern
Leinster and
Co. Kerry in the south - west of the
Munster Province who were a separate"" independent
organization
to the
Irish Republican Brotherhood /
I.R.B. with similar aims also who
were also seeking Irish Freedom for the majority in
Ireland
from
the ongoing "repression" of the British
Imperial Governmen't under the guise of their
"Immoral Union."
February: The Irish Provisional Government set up previously by James Stephens to carry out an I.R.B.Fenian Uprising in Ireland had been planned for the coming March,"" and Colonel Thomas J. O Kelly had now arrived back from "America" to oversee the overall operation with other Irish American ex - Civil War veterans on a I.R.B.Fenian chartered ship sent from Boston and they also brought "arms" with them to begin their preparations and Cluseret, although a Frenchman, was given the control of the I.R.B. Military side of it. They decided to set up their headquarters in London as the Habeus Corpus Act had been being re - enacted only in Ireland, and as it did not apply there, it was his intention to use the tried and true method of guerrilla warfare"" tactics in Ireland instead of "direct confrontation," until they could receive further assistance from America.
February 11th:
was the date that the
I.R.B.Fenians had set
down for the raid on the
Chester Castle
in
England
to obtain the "arms" they required for use in
Ireland
to begin their campaign there, but on
arriving in England they were informed that they had been "betrayed" by the
traitor
Corydon, so they decided to call this
particular
raid off.
March 5th:
The widespread
I.R.B. / Fenian Organization
in
America, Ireland
and
Great Britain
was to retain a strong political"" presence
even though
James Stephens had personally
made plans for another I.R.B.Fenian
Uprising on this
day,
which had to be aborted,"" as the
R.I.C. Police had once again been informed"" of the plan and for which they
paid
2,000 pounds reward to the
"informer,
but due to the previous
Irish Nationalist
activity that had occurred in
Ireland because
of this, and even though nothing ever
really came of it, and the opportunities were lost, the
Clann Na Gael /
The Organization
was "re - founded" in
New York to
further assist the future intentions of the
Irish Republican Brotherhood
in
Ireland. The reorganization meant the end of the ""previous activities that
had been carried out by the
Fenian
Brotherhood in America, which had
been begun originally by
John O Mahony
in
1858 AD.
Despite this the baton for political Irish Freedom was now handed on once
again to" future Irish generations" to try and re -implement. In their new platform,
The
Organization were to also recognize the
Supreme Council"" of the
Irish Republican Brotherhood
/ I.R.B.
in
Ireland as the legitimate""
Irish Provisional Government
and that the
British Imperial Government’s continual
"oppression" must be "stopped"' as
they had no right to be in
Ireland in the first place.
Meanwhile the
I.R.B.
Fenians
in
Ireland were now also well
organized in the Irish
-
Scottish
communities in
Scotland also,
and other Irish risings" also occurred in
Ireland in the
Munster Province,
in
the Dublin
area, and
in various "other regions" throughout
England itself,
as for the first time the cry for
Irish
Independence had been carried over to
England.
At
Cahirciveen
in
Co.
Kerry
in the south - west of the Munster Province
they had
also carried out a "raid" on a police barracks to
try and obtain "arms," but were "betrayed" once again and found that had to "retreat"
instead, but in the meantime their ship, the
Erin’s Hope,
was also sent over to
Ireland by
the American Fenian
Brotherhood
with arms,"" but it too had been "seized" by the
British
Imperial Government authorities when it landed.
March:
James Stephens
had by now personally left
Ireland,
so the
I.R.B / Fenians
created an "Irish Insurrection basically
just to gain "publicity" for their cause, which came to an end in a night, when
General
Massey,
under the command of
Cluseret,
was arrested"" in
Co.
Cork in Southern Munster
as he too had been betrayed"" by
the traitor, Corydon,
together with all the plans of the
I.R.B.
Fenians
and the blame for this recent unsuccessful attempt was thrown back on
James Stephens
for not making a move"earlier" when they were better
organized towards the original planned Irish Insurrection,
while
by now Cluseret
too had also left for
France.
The
I.R.B.Fenian
Uprising on
this occasion had still gone ahead and
James Stephens was never to recover his
"lost" prestige over his original "lack of action"
in the first instance. Peter
O Neill - Crowley
had also carried out an "abortive" personal
I.R.B.Fenian
raid at
Kilclooney Wood.
July 1st:
Thomas Francis Meagher
/ Maher
who was on his way to take up his appointment as the
Territory Secretary of Montana
in
"America"
was drowned
in the
Missouri River
where he disappeared off a steamboat, under
very "suspicious" circumstances.
September 9th: Colonel Thomas J. O Kelly and Captain Deasy were "arrested" after the raid on Chester Castle in England, where they were trying to obtain arms for use in Ireland, when they were "betrayed" once again by the informer, Corydon.
September
18th:
Colonel
Thomas J. O Kelly
and
Captain Deasy
were to be "rescued"" from a British police van that was taking them to
Manchester Prison
in
England,
by
30
members of the
Irish Republican Brotherhood /
I.R.B.
there, but during the rescue a police "sergeant"was
killed and these two I.R.B.Fenian leaders were never to be sighted again, and despite
this the
I.R.B. / Fenians
were to still continue to carry on with their
activities in trying to bring about Irish Freedom for the next
50
years although they were now basically "leaderless." The
British Conservative
Government
arrested
5
Irishmen
over the successful
Manchester escape and
although they were sure they were the ones who had not fired the shot they
decided to "execute" 3
of the "younger " men among them, who then became known as the
"Manchester
Martyrs"
after finding them guilty anyway with
dubious evidence. These 3
Irishmen were
Allen,
Larkin and
O Brien whose
gravesites are now to be seen in the
Glasnevin Cemetery
in Dublin intermingled with all those
there who have previously or since paid the "ultimate" price to try and bring
about Irish Freedom
from the British Imperial Government domination.
These 3 particular Irishmen were
basically killed in retaliation for
the humiliation of
Colonel Thomas J.O
Kelly's escape,
besides the death of the policeman, and
once again this cruel decision to "execute" these 3 young men was to be a
further catalyst to change Irish
Hhistory as it was the reason that persuaded
Charles
Stewart - Parnell an Anglo
-
Irish
non - Catholic 23 year old
Land Lord,
who had his confiscated Estate in
Co. Wicklow in
the south - east of Southern Leinster, who was also an
M.P. in the
Westminster
Parliament
in England
to step forward. He was to promote the "rights"
of the population of
Ireland as no one of his class had
ever done before,"" while the German Hanoverian
British Queen
Victoria
stated, "These
Irish
are really shocking,
abominable people, not like any other civilized nation."
December: The Irish Republican Brotherhood / I.R.B. while trying to rescue a prisoner from Clerkenwell"" in England caused an explosion,"" which "killed" 20 people there, which naturally stirred up anti - Irish / Fenian feeling there, but despite the terrible "terror and horror" of it all the general population in England itself were finally coming to have some understanding that there must "reasons" for the Irish to carry out such an "attack"" in England and they were beginning to comprehend that it might have been brought on by the "dreadful conditions" that were allowed to apply in Ireland and they began to bring pressure on the British Imperial Conservative Government to do something about it. The I.R.B. / Fenian attacks carried out in England also had an effect and further convinced William Ewart Gladstone the Scotsman and Statesman who was now the British Liberal Opposition leader, that something had to be done in Ireland to alleviate the "distres" there, so he put forward the notion of Justice for the population in Ireland and that the Disestablishment of the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland in Ireland was an urgent problem"" that the British Imperial Governments must face up to.
Henry Temple / Lord Palmerston had since "died" and the uncaring Lord John Russell was in trouble with his Liberal colleagues as they had "split" over the extension of the Franchise (the right to vote) and William Ewart Gladstone was preparing to take over from him as their Liberal "leader," Benjamin Disraeli from the Ascendancy Conservative Party was back in with the British Government in England who had reluctantly "accepted" the 2nd Reform Act, " William Ewart Gladstone felt that he now had just the issue to "unite" his own Liberal Party once again that would "disadvantage" the Conservative Government and receive popular support and "correct" the ongoing conditions in Ireland that were allowed to continue that were now being highlighted by the I.R.B. / Fenian "attacks" being carried out in England.
Thomas Power - O Connor, who was
a journalist in
Dublin in the north - east of
Southern Leinster at this time, would later on
"migrate" to
Liverpool
in
England
were he could bring even greater pressure to try and
obtain
Irish Freedom
politically from the British Imperial
Government's rule
under the "Immoral Union" when he was to become an
M.P.
there.
The
police in Ireland were renamed "officially"the
Royal Irish Constabulary /
R.I.C.
who were now being "utilised" by the
Dublin Castle authorities on behalf of the
British Conservative Government in reality as an
anti -
Irish
freedom
force who were based throughout the
countryside keeping "day books" on the whole of the
population in
Ireland operating in conjunction with the
Dublin Metropolitan Police
basically as
a political force to monitor any sign of
Irishness
among the population, while a British
Conservative Government
"Special Branch"
had also been set up by their Dublin Castle authorities to
"infiltrate" any
Irish
Associations or anti - British movements
in Ireland.
1868 AD
March:
An
Irish Parliamentary Party
/ I.P.P. member in the
Westminster
House of Commons in
England
moved a motion for something to be done about
the "ongoing problems" that were occurring in
Ireland,
both in England and Ireland,
to which
William
Ewart Gladstone who was now the
"leader" of the Liberal
OppositionParty
was to respond to
3
days
later putting forward
3
resolutions
that were based on "Disestablishing
the Ascendancy
Church of England / Ireland," which
was one of the "main causes" through
Ascendancy
"repression," and the ongoing collection of their
"Enforced
Tithes"
on the
"tenant farmers" and their
families in
Ireland no matter what their religion.
April 3rd: Due to the appeal arrangements to the extension of the franchise (The right to Vote) William Gladstone's motion on the 3 resolutions as regards to the Ascendancy position in Ireland, had been held over, but in this session by a 56 majority it was decided to bring them forward for discussion and there was a "majority" of 112 votes in favour, which saw the further "decline" of the overall power and authority of the long running Ascendancy in both England and Ireland.
Benjamin Disraeli
who was now the leader of the
British
Conservative Government for this year only,
decided to go to the "electorate" specifically on this
issue and his government
"resigned" before the meeting of the new
Parliament.
William Ewart Gladstone had fought
the election basically on the "Disestablishment"
issue, but had also placed before the electorate the
matter of
Irish land "reform,"
which he was to begin after his Áscendancy
Church of England / Ireland Act
was to be secure.
The
Irish
Nationalists in
Ireland
were naturally "excited" by his "democratic"
efforts and they decided that they would try and use
"Constitutional"
means once again, and supported by the
Catholic Irish
he now became the new
British Liberal
Prime Minister until 1874 AD when
60 Liberal M.Ps
were returned and he had the fullest
intention of bringing "normal peace" to
Ireland
and on which he was to concentrate
during the next
2
years.
December:
William Ewart
Gladstone
the new British Liberal
Prime Minister began working
on the correct wording and contents for the "Disestablishment
Act"
for the
Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland to remove the previous overall power of the
Ascendancy altogether and the long running hated "Enforced Tithes to the Ascendancy Church
of England / Ireland.
Michael Davitt, who would be the ""founder of the "Irish Land League" in the future for the rights of "tenant farmers" and their families in Ireland, and for the return of the land of Ireland to the people of Ireland, became the "secretary" of the Irish Republican Brotherhood / I.R.B and John Mandeville, a nephew of John O Mahoney who had originally "founded" the Fenian / I.R.B., was the leader also of a group of Irish people who were "against" the ongoing "evictions," carried out on their "tenants" by the English Land Lords the Kingstons who had previously been granted the land off of the Irish O Mahonys and they were now supported by 100 British Imperial Military soldiers and 300 R.I.C. police and John Mandeville was to be "killed" during the conflict.
John O Connor - Power
who was a member of
the
I.R.B. Fenians
who was from
Co. Galway
in Southern Connacht
was detained
"without trial,"
and a
campaign for
Amnesty
was begun, and the non - Catholic lawyer,
Isaac Butt founded the
Amnesty
Association, which was to be the fore
bearer of a new organized
Irish Nationalist
movement.
The Franciscan friars who had arrived into Ireland from Belgium, now shifted and established a friary on Martyrs Hill / Cnoc na Maircri in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province.
James Connolly was born this year at Cowgate, an Edinburgh slum in Scotland, and was to become a journalist and lecturer and especially a revolutionary Irish "socialist" leader, and one of the most determined leaders to try and bring about Irish Freedom from the British Imperial Government's ongoing oppression under the "Immoral Union" in Ireland, in the forthcoming 1916 Irish Easter Rising, which was then to see the beginning of the elusive Irish Republic.
St. Colman's Cathedral was begun to be constructed at Cobh, (the English renamed Queenstown), in Co. Cork in Southern Munster, which would not be finished until 1919 AD.
An
Aqueduct
was completed from
Co. Wicklow
in the south - east of
Southern Leinster
running for
22
miles
to supply water to
Dublin City
in the north - east, and the use of
the
Grand Canal water was now
discontinued.
Henry Cooke the intolerant Presbyterian clergyman from the Ulster Province, died, who had been responsible for utterances of continuous "sectarian hate" in the north for so long, that had done no one any good.