1882 - 1883 AD
" Highest Evictions - 2nd Irish Land Act Amended - Irish National League."
1882 AD The remaining Land Lords who still had their confiscated Estates in Ireland now began to carry out the "highest ever evictions" of their "tenant farmers" and their families in Ireland and because of this the "Ancient Order of Hibernians" at this time became an "aggressive" Irish Catholic organization to counteract the excesses of the "Orange Order," and they were now to especially play a very important role in the life of the general population in Ireland especially in the Ulster Province.
Edward Saunderson
the
non - Catholic
Ulster M.P. who was a hard - line
anti - Catholic who had previously
left
William Gladstone's
Liberal
Party to join in with the
British Conservatives now joined the
"Orange Order" also to resist
Irish Home Rule,
by "force of arms" if necessary.
March /
April:
There was now the need for a compromise to be
arrived at with the
British
Liberal Government over the plight of the "tenant famers"
in Ireland, so
to this end
William Gladstone
and
Charles Stewart
- Parnell were to arrive at what is known as the
"Kilmainham Treaty"
where it was mutually agreed that
Charles Stewart - Parnell
would not only be "released" from Kilmainham Jail, but the terrible
Irish Coercion Act
would be "relaxed," and the
2nd
Irish Land Act
would also to be amended to give
"protection" to the "tenant
farmers" in Ireland who were in
"arrears," in exchange for "peace" in
Ireland and acceptance of the
amended 2nd
Irish Land Act. The
Roman Catholic Church was to come out in "support" but not the Primate, Archbishop
Paul Cullen who had always been
against such "Secret Societies" even though they were the only means of
receiving any further "reforms" in Ireland.
May 2nd:
Charles Stewart -
Parnell
was to be released from the
Kilmainham Jail in
Dublin, together with
600 of
the previus "land protestors" in Ireland,
subject to abandoning the rent "Boycotts," and also an end to the
"rural" violence
in exchange for further "land reform" in Ireland.
Unfortunately during
Charles Stewart - Parnell's
imprisonment his first child with
Kitty O Shea had "died," which was of great
personal distress to him.
William Forster
the British
Chief Secretary in
Ireland
since 1880 AD
who was also personally against
Irish Home Rule
was making his resignation speech in the
British House of Commons due to
Charles Stewart - Parnell being "released," just as
Charles Stewart - Parnell was entering the chamber to the
"cheers"
of all his followers, but despite his recent success many of
Charles Stewart - Parnell's followers
also now
considered that the Kilmainham Treaty was
in reality a "sell out" to
the British Liberal Government, while
to the Irish
-
American
Clann na Gael / The Organization it meant a
"sell out" of the
Irish Land League,
and their objectives and this was to mean that his position as their overall
"leader" was not now as
good as it was previously.
May 6th:
William Gladstone
the
British
Liberal
Prime Minister appointed his nephew,
Lord
Frederick Cavendish
to replace
William Forster as the
British Chief Secretary in
Ireland, and because the
Irish
Republicans / I.R.B. Fenians, for a very long time since
James Stephens,
had, had no strong overall "leader"
they had formed into "smaller groups" who were
doing their "own thing," although they all had the same
objective to "free"
Ireland from
British Imperial Government
rule, and as
T.H. Bourke
the
British Government's Under - Secretary was "not" a very
"popular" person due to his activities against the interests of
Ireland, a
small independent group of "radicals" known as the "Invincible Party,"
had decided to remove him from the scene in protest against the
recent
Irish
Coercion Act.
This British Act had
allowed the "arrest" of any
Irishman at all just on mere "suspicion" removing all
their normal rights as citizens, and it had therefore created even more "individual enemies,"
along with the ensuing hardships
and conflicts within the
Irish population
that were all part of its makeup, and the
"Invincibles" had been formed by
P. J. Tynan
who was an officer known to them as
No.1
who had connections in the highest
British
circles and was therefore never ever suspected of being an
Irish
Nationalist. "The Invincibles" had decided to "assassinate"
T.H. Bourke while he was in
Phoenix Park in
Dublin,
where unfortunately also
Lord
Frederick Cavendish
the new British Chief Secretary
got in the way, when he tried to defend him and was also "killed" and the
"Invincibles," who had no connection whatsoever with the
I.R.B
/ Irish Republican Brotherhood,
was to have 20
of their members "arrested" who were subsequently found guilty, and
5
of them were "executed" by the
British Imperial
Government by "hanging,"
after they were informed on by a person known as
James Carey.
Charles Stewart -
Parnell was really "upset" by these political murders, and he informed
Michael Davitt that it was now hopeless to
continue on after such a disaster, and also offered up his
"resignation" to
William Gladstone and
Joseph Chamberlain who refused to
accept it as they had come to realise that
he would
be the
"answer" to all of the
problems occurring in Ireland
for them, and his "public denunciation" of the murders had gone over well in
Great Britain and this once again
"lifted" his
personal prestige, and therefore overshadowed
any of the previous opposition among his followers because of his acceptance of the
Kilmainham Treaty.
After this incident there was to
be 3
years
of fairly quite "peace" in
Ireland, although another new
Irish Coercion Act
was again introduced by the
British Imperial Government to which
Charles Stewart - Parnell was once again greatly
"opposed,"
and his "opposition" to this particular Irish Coercion
Bill
once again
further strengthened his position as leader, and he
also co - operated in the
introduction of the amended 2nd
Irish Land Act
and with the "rents"
now reduced the "rural violence" in Ireland subsided further, which
also did him no harm personally, but he now also "resisted" all the demands to
set up the
Irish Land League again.
October:
Charles Stewart -
Parnell
now co - founded the "Irish National
League," which was linked to the
Irish Parliamentary Party of which he was "leader,"
and his popularity became stronger then ever, but he was now personally "out of touch"
with
William Gladstone the
British Liberal
Prime Minister,
as he was only to have indirect correspondence with him through
the auspices of
Kitty
O Shea, and
William O Brien
the
previously mentioned Labor stalwart from Co. Cork
in Southern Munster, who was a great
protagonist
for
Irish "worker's rights" throughout
his whole life, had also co - founded and became the
Secretary of the
Irish
National League.
December: While the Irish Parliamentary Party now still lacked the "discipline" necessary to pull it all together again as it was before, the newly founded "Irish National League" gave Charles Stewart - Parnell and the party leaders control over the choice of their candidates.
John Devoy
from the Clann
na Gael / The Organization in America,
who was to continue
to be further involved in the fight for
Irish
Freedom now founded the
newspaper there in America known as the
"Irish
Nation."
Eammon de Valera, whose father was of Spanish origins and his mother Irish, was born this year in Manhattan, New York in America and was to be brought back to Ireland as a "child" after his father died there, and although later on he was only a "mathematics teacher" he was to play a "major role" in Irish politics beginning with the 1916 Irish Easter Uprising where he would then act as a "commandant" with the Irish Independence forces and eventually retire as the President of Ireland in 1957 AD.
Also
during
this year the population of
Ireland
erected another massive monument to
Daniel O Connell
- the Liberator, in what
later was to become O Connell
Street in
Dublin, in commemoration of his success against
the ongoing "religious and ethnic oppression" of the
Consecutive British
Imperial Ascendancy Governments, to eventually gain
the right for Catholic Emancipation in
Ireland
and also throughout the British Isles.
1883 AD Alexander Sullivan, the "leader" of the Clann na Gael / The Organization in America, had wanted to go it "alone" without being tied to the I.R.B. / Irish Republican Brotherhood in Ireland, as in Ireland they still had "no" strong leader, and he became the first President of the "International League of America" and he was to begin to finance a "dynamiting campaign" in England during the following year to gain "publicity" there to remove the British Imperial Government's hold over Ireland in the long term interest of gaining future Irish Independence. Thomas / Tom Clarke who would also be known as the "Old Republican" was sent from America to England by the Clann na Gael / The Organization to carry out the actual bombings, but on arriving there he was "arrested" and received a 15 year jail sentence, but would eventually return to Ireland to become the "catalyst" for Republicanism in the Dublin area, until he too would also be "executed" by the British Imperial Government after the forthcoming 1916 Irish Easter Rising.
The British Liberal Government introduced another new Irish Coercion Bill known as the "Corrupt Practices Act," which was even much "harder" on the Irish population then their last Irish Coercion Act.
James Carey
who had
"informed" on the "Invincibles" over the
Phoenix Park Affair in which two high
British Liberal
Government officials were
"killed," and for which
5 Irishmen
were "executed," was tracked down and "assassinated" at sea by
Patrick O Donnell while they were aboard the ship
Melrose Castle off the coast of
Capetown -
Natal who
was then subsequently "arrested" and taken back to England were he
was "hung" by the
British Imperial
Government in
London.
William O Brien the strong Labor supporter from Co. Cork in Southern Munster continued to be a "tireless worker" for Irish justice also, especially on behalf of the "working classes," and this year he was to be "elected" as the M.P in the Westminster Parliament for Mallow in the north - east of Co. Cork and Cork City until 1918 AD.
The first
Electric Tramway in the
British Isles was opened from
Port Rush to
Bushmills in
Co.
Antrim in the north - east of the Ulster
Province, and was
to last until it was to be closed down in
1947 AD.