1891 - 1895 AD
"Irish National Federation - 2nd Irish Home Rule Bill - Gaelic League."
1891 AD The population in Ireland was now at 4,704 ,750.
The "Irish National Federation"
was founded this year, to replace the British Imperial
Government's previously "banned"
and highly successful
"Irish National League," which had stayed loyal to
Charles Stewart - Parnell the leader
of the Irish Parliamentary Party / I.P. Party,
while
Timothy Healy was by now the co - leader of the
breakaway
Anti - Parnellites and he
was endeavouring
to place his own supporters into the top positions in it also, and also into the
Irish Parliamentary Party while
The "Land War" in Ireland continued on and the
British
Imperial Conservative Government's
reprsentative in Ireland
Arthur "Bloody" Balfour,in an
effort to further "stifle" any chance of Irish Home Rule, extended the
Irish Land Purchase Act,
to further enable the "tenant farmers"
in Ireland to buy back their Irish land, but it was
still not going as well as they had expected, averaging only
4,000 farms a year since
it's introduction in
1885 AD, so they
introduced the payment of
the "Annuities" to the
"Land Commission" to go to the
credit of the
British
Treasury, but despite this also, from now on the average purchase of
"tenant
farms" in Ireland was to drop down even further to only
3,000 a year.
The "tenant farmers" were still frightened and discouraged by the "strict financial terms"
on offer, while
the Land Lords
in Ireland were also "discouraged" from selling, as
they were not to be paid in cash, but in
"Land Stock" redeemable
in
30 years time,
which were also subject to fluctuations of their market value.
1892 AD June:
The British Imperial Conservative
Government who were still under
Robert Cecil
/ Lord Salisbury was
"dissolved" this month, and new
"General Elections" were called for the Westminster Parliament in England.
July:
The
General Elections
for the British Westminster Parliament
were conducted, and the
Conservative M.P.s who were still under the leadership of
Robert Cecil
/ Lord Salisbury were
"reduced" in number
to 268
seats and the
"Liberal Unionists" to
47 seats
which meant that the
Irish Parliamentary Party
were now once again
on the "rise," and would therefore be able once again to have the opportunity to hold the
"balance of power" at Westminster, despite the long ago prediction that they
"would be lost in the numbers,"
but
during the election "old wounds" were to be reopened in the
Irish Parliamentary Party, which
then ended any chance of "reunification" at this stage, while
the clergy were still against
the previous
Parnellite
minority who had stood by Charles Stewart Parnell in his hour of need. The
Parnellite minority also had Charles
- Stewart Parnell's previous
"repudiation" of the Liberal
Party
alliance to contend with, and
this time they were only able to win
9 of
the seats in their own right, while the previous Anti - Parnellites, who were now under
the leadership of
Justin Mac Carthy in the
Irish Parliamentary Party, on the other hand won
71 seats, but even despite this strong showing they both now had
no great leader like Charles Stewart Parnell,
and their public display of "disunity" was to weaken their "political" strength within the
Westminster Parliament system. Although they
were now basically "split" into 2 individual
Irish
parties, the Parnellite minority
now under
John Redmond, though they
were small in number, still carried some weight, due to their position within the
"voting" numbers in the Westminster Parliament itself, and because of this they were still able to bring pressure
on the Anti - Parnellites
in the
Irish Parliamentary Party to
perform in the interests of Ireland.
August: The 80 members in the
Irish Parliamentary Party, although they
were now "divided," still
had the numbers between them, despite the fact that they
were "not" united, and once again they
joined in with the
Liberal Party, and
William Gladstone the Scotsman and
Statesman
who was now 83 year of age, who had been once again
"re - elected" the
British
Liberal Prime
Minister for his "fourth" term, but he was now only to retain this
important position for 2 years until
1894 AD.
A
Convention was
held in Belfast in
Co. Antrim in the north - east of the
Ulster Province, under the
English
Duke of Abercorn, which symbolised
the determination of the Ascendancy
there to hold it's position against any chance of the population in
Ireland obtaining
"Irish Home Rule,"
and Major
Frederick Crawford also founded
the "Young Unionists"
at this time
there in
Ulster Province to also fight
"against" any further chance of the introduction of Irish Home Rule, and
many local
"Unionist Clubs" were to be established there because of this.
Michael Davitt, the original "founder" of the Irish Land League, which had brought about great changes in the actual ownership of the land in Ireland, now became the M.P. for Northern Co. Meath in Northern Leinster.
Douglas Hyde, who had been born at Frenchpark in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province, who was a son of a Church of England / Ireland minister, was to eventually become the "1st President of Ireland" in 1938 AD, and this year as an Irish Gaelic language scholar he was to found the "Gaelic League" as a non - political association, for the study of all things Irish, and was already fired up enough to make a public address on the "Necessity for the De - Anglicization of Ireland" as when he was young, he was to be "exposed" to other Mere Irish children due to his illness, and he had then learnt the Irish language due to their influence, and missed out on the usual non - Catholic Ascendancy upbringing, which had then bought him "closer" to the majority of the Irish population.
Sir Horace Plunkett who introduced rural co - ops into Ireland, became a Unionist M.P.
1893 AD January: William Gladstone, now 83 year old re - assembled the new British Liberal Government in the Westminster Parliament.
February:
William Gladstone, the leader of the
British Liberal
Government, introduced his
2nd Irish Home Rule Bill
/
Government of Ireland Bill for an
Irish Parliament
to be set up in
Dublin,
composed this time of
2
Chambers
or Houses, with the Irish M.P.'s to be still
"represented" in the Westminster
Parliament,
with the right "to vote" on all aspects, but
English M.P.'s were
not to vote on
Irish internal matters,
and one was to be a
Legislative
Council, made up of
48
Councillors, who where to be elected for
8 years
by persons who held "property" to a value of
20 pounds,
and the
other chamber
was to to be a
Legislative
Assembly, containing
103
members, who would be
elected for a period of 5
years, with a change this time
around where 80
members
were to represent
Ireland
in the Westminster
Parliament.
The 2nd
Irish Home Rule Bill
was discussed during a "fiery" debate, which was to last
82 days
in the British Westminster
House of Commons.
April: Due to the Anti - Irish Home Rulers playing on the "emotions" of the people in the Ulster Province, "sectarian violence" once again broke out in Belfast in Co. Antrim in the north - east of Ulster, as the non - Catholics there once again "ttacked" the Catholic Irish community, and among those totally "opposed" to Irish Home Rule was the determined Edward Saunderson, who was now a Conservative M.P. for North Armagh in Ulster, who was also a hard - line anti - Catholic who had previously been a "Whig Liberal" member under William Gladstone, but had "resigned" over the "Disestablishment" of the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland and he wanted to establish an Ulster Defence Force / UDF to resist the British Liberal Government bringing in Irish Home Rule.
July 12th:
The Ulster
"Orange Lodge"
held a meeting, also coming out vehemently "against"
Irish Home Rule.
September:
William Gladstone' s
2nd
Irish
Home Rule Bill finally "passed" the
British House of Commons by
34 votes, after being fiercely
contested at all stages by the
Conservatives and
the "Ulster
Unionists" in the British Parliament, with the committed
Liberals and the
Irish Parliamentary
Party members in the "majority" this time around,
and a week later the 2nd Irish
Home Rule Bill
was to be "rejected" once again by the
Conservative controlled
House of Lords, who though not
"elected" themselves for Centuries had always had the last say "veto" over any of the
legislation to be passed in England.
William Gladstone, was moved
to comment at this time, that,
"Without the Irish Land League
in 1881 AD the
1st Irish Land Act would
never have made it into the Statute Book in England," and
he now had to fully accept "defeat" and
he "dropped" the
2nd Irish Home Bill altogether, but despite their
victory over the Bill itself, once again time was running
out for the "veto" powers of the "unelected"
Conservative House of Lords.
The
Gaelic League founded by
Douglas Hyde who had been educated at
Trinity College in
Dublin,whose
intention was to "De -
Anglicize Ireland," by reviving the
Irish
language and
"unite" all
Irish
men regardless of their
politics or their creeds, and because of it's
Gaelic centre it naturally also
"attracted" and brought forth many
Irish Nationalists
and revived the
Irish National "identity" and
spirit in
Ireland, besides creating
further discussion
for breaking off the "Immoral Union"
with
Britain and in the future it was
to be eventually taken over by the
Irish Nationalists, and was to subsequently assist in the creation of an
Irish Nation
once again, which would be
free
of British Imperial Government domination and oppression, and
would once again be deep down truly
Gaelic
Irish in character.
As a reward later on for
this contribution to Ireland, he was to be "elected" the
1st
President of
Ireland in
1938 AD by the Irish
population, while other founders of the
Gaelic League, were
Eoin Mac Neill from the
Ulster Province, and
Father
Eugene O Growney
/
Ma Carrghamhna, a
Catholic priest, whose main purpose
was to endeavour to save the
Gaelic Irish
language
for future generations.
Arthur Griffith,
a Catholic from
Dublin, was also a co - founder of
the Gaelic League,
who had been
educated by the Christian Brothers,
and he also joined the
Irish
Republican Brotherhood
/ I.R.B., and later on was to "found" the main catalyst for
Irish Freedom in the shape of the political "Sinn Fein
Party" (We Ourselves), although
he was to originally be in favour of retaining the
British monarchy with
2
Irish Houses of Parliaments.
He later
also
became the first
Irish elected
"President
of the
Irish Parliament
/ Dail
Eireann / Irish Assembly" while
Patrick Pearse,
also from Dublin, who had an
English father and an
Irish mother,
was to found the
Gaelic "language school" of
St. Enda's
at Rathfarnham,
for the
propagation of the
Irish
Gaelic
language, and was also to
become the overall "leader" of the
"1916 Irish Easter
Uprising" for
which his life and those of his compatriots was to be also forfeited by the
British Imperial Government. This future sickening drawn out action of
"ongoing
executions" at that time was to
then lead on to the introduction of the
"Irish Free State" and
the removal of the British Imperial Government domination and their oppression
under their "Immoral Union" from
26 of the 32
Counties
of Ireland, and eventually to
the establishment of Eire / Republic of Ireland.
1894 AD The Irish Trades Union Congress was held this year.
The Irish Agricultural Organizational Society was founded, to co - ordinate the Co - ops originally introduced into Ireland by Sir Horace Plunkett the Unionist M.P., based on those in America, and to encourage further expansion until there were 800 Co - ops finally set up to assist the "farmers" in the rural areas in Ireland.
The Tau Cross, was re - erected on it's original site at Roughan, Killanaboy in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province by Dr. Mac Namara.
In desperation, and as a further example of the continuing encouraged existence of the
"siege mentality" that still lingered in the
Ulster Province, Major
Frederick Crawford,
the founder of the "Young Unionists"
in Ulster
Province,
at this time suggested to
Lord Ranfurly,
that
William Gladstone the aged
British
Liberal Prime
Minister and
Statesman should be
"kidnapped."
March:
William Gladstone,
the British Liberal
Prime Minister,
who had by now made
Irish Affairs
important in the "politics" of Great
Britain, "resigned" and the
Liberal Party now came under new leadership of his
Foreign Secretary,
Lord Roseberry,
who was a British
Imperialist, and the
Liberal Government in England was
to now only last for
16 months, as
they lost all sight of any further
"reform"
for Ireland.
1895 AD June: The British Liberal Government in England "resigned" under their new leader, Earl / Lord Roseberry.
July:
In the
General Election
for the British Westminster Parliament in
England, there was now to be a
152 majority by
the formation of a
Conservative Coalition, and
Liberal Unionists who were now
known simply as the "Unionists," under
the leadership once again of
Robert Cecil /
Marquess / Lord Salisbury, who were to remain in
power for another
10 years until 1905 AD,
and they appointed
Sir
Gerald Balfour the
second Earl of Balfour,
the British Chief Secretary in
Ireland until
1900 AD while the non - Catholics
in the Ulster Province, were
to continue to maintain their "defence organization" in case the
Liberal Party should regain
government in England and try and re - introduce
Irish Home Rule.
Michael Davitt, the "founder" of the Irish Land League, now became the M.P. for South Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province until 1899 AD.
Timothy
William Lecky, who was born in Dublin, and educated there at Trinity College, was the Dublin University Unionist M.P. until 1903 AD, whose family had been a branch of the Scottish Clann Mac Gregor, who had previously came into Co. Derry and Co. Donegal in Northern Ulster in the the mid - 17th Century AD, and were later in Co. Carlow in Southern Leinster, and he had also previously written a "History of Ireland."
Cannon Sheen, the novelist was appointed the parish priest of Doneraile in Co. Cork in Southern Munster.
Edward Carson the future Ascendancy "Official Unionist" leader in the Ulster Province, at this time, prosecuted Oscar Wilde.
The Augustinian Catholic Church was constructed this year in Dublin.