500 BC - 443 BC

499 BC. *67.Mogh Corb the Gaelic Milesian Heberian 72nd King of Erinn, who was a son of 66.Cobhthach Caomh had ruled for 7 years in his own right until he was slain this year by *63.Connla Caomb, the son of  *62.Iaran Fathach who would later on become the Celtic Gaelic Milesian Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh 74th King of Erinn.

499 - 481 BC. *64.Aenas Ollamh regained the Gaelic Milesian Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Kingship becoming the 73rd King of Tara / Erinn and ruled for 18 years until he too was killed by 62.Iaran Gleofathach, a grandson of his great - uncle, *60.Coffey / Cobthach.

481 - 474 BC. *62.Iaran Gleofathach became the Gaelic Milesian Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh 74th King of Erinn, who was a son of *61.Meig Molbhthach, the previous 71st King of Erinn, and during his reign of 7 years he was known as a just and wise ruler with many accomplishments, until he too was slain in battle by *68.Fear Chorb.  

480 BC. Heremon ?

474 - 463 BC. Fear Corb became the Gaelic Milesian Heberian 75th King of Erinn who ruled for 11 years until he was slain by his successor, the former King's son, *64.Ailill / Oilioll Cas - Fiachla who became the Gaelic Milesian Heremonian 77th King of Erinn.

463 - 443 BC. *63.Connla Caomh became the Gaelic Milesian Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh 76th King of Tara / Erinn, who was a son of *62.Iaran Gleofathach the previous 74th King of Erinn, and he ruled for 20 years until he died of natural causes.

450 BC The culture of the Celtic people in Ireland was basically composed of rural groups who were in Tuaths  / Family territories, and unlike the Teutonics they did not operate as individuals, and they did not live in towns, they had no parliaments, and were only subject to the Brehon Laws, which were settled by agreement, and were passed on down through the Tuaths from generation to generation. The Brehon Laws would be finally written down in the 6th Century AD, and would also include divorce for both the male and the female members of the Families, as 12 month trial marriages were also involved. The Wearing of the Green was an ancient Celtic right where the green leaves and boughs were burnt and spread on the soil of Ireland to increase its fertility.

     The Celts were tall with fair hair, fair skin and they had blue eyes and were great talkers, storytellers, and were boastful and had deep sounding harsh voices and they spoke in riddles, while hinting at things, leaving a great deal to be understood, they were given to frequent exaggeration and dramatisation, but were quick in mind. They had a natural ability for learning and were totally committed to their Families formed into Tuaths or True Families / Deirbh Fine, which were kin - groups in which they all held their property rights in common. They all had mutual responsibility to their Fine / Family group as either a Flaith  / lord or a Cele / client / companion and were under the supervision of their Kings / Aur - Rig.  The Deirbh Fine bore the responsibility for all of its members, and their loyalty in total was within 4 generations of their Sept / Family branch. In the Celtic order, first came the King, then the aristocratic warrior Nobles, followed by the Aos Dana / poets Shanachie, scholars, historians, druids, genealogists, jurists and musicians, and then came the tenants, craftsmen, horsemen, including the Saor Aicme / free warriors who held land and cattle in their own right, and then the Daor Aicme / unfree warriors who were landless, the outlaws, the strangers, and their slaves / helots. While the Scythian Celtic Gaelic Picts in the Scottish Highlands chose their Kings from their female line, as agreed to initially with *37.Eremon (when he gave them their Gaelic wives), the Scythian Celtic Gaels chose theirs from the male line, along with the Tánaiste / Prince who was the heir apparent or leader in waiting in case of any disaster befalling their King or Chief. The Tanaiste / or heir apparent was chosen from within 4 generations of the Deirbh / Fine. and their Septs were servile to him in carrying out his Tanistry. The Kings of each Tuath / Family regions had to divide the territory of the nearby Tuaths when marriages occurred between them, and as Celtic Culture accepted that everything belonged to everyone, the Celtic Irish Kings left nothing behind when they died.

      Despite their warlike nature the Celts believed in fair play, and had unwritten laws about combat, including that one warrior could only attack one warrior at a time, and they were bound by their honour at all times, and their loyalty was always to the King or Chief of each of the Families. They believed in life after death, and that after their demise they would go to the Otherworld, which was the centre of their long life, not the end, and as they were not afraid to die, they wanted to be remembered as great fighters and fearless warriors. Neutral Zones were set aside between the Tuaths by mutual agreement, and under the Brehon Law there were no actual charges laid for offences, but only compensation to be worked out to the satisfaction of both the parties involved in the dispute. The Horsemen / Marci rode bareback, without stirrups, and with a javelin carried overhead mostly in both hands. (Later on in the English Tudor times the Irish warriors on foot became known as kerns.)

      The Druids / Draoi ate acorns in preparation for their prophesies, and they advised the King / Ri, and controlled the beliefs / religion and education of the Tuaths, and the Brehon Law was also in their hands, and after Christianity was to be established in Ireland, the Celtic Catholic Irish monks from each of the individual Family Septs were to continue to carry forward their traditions. The Druids and the file, Filidh  / poets, lawyers, scholars, men of art / Aes Dana travelled always with the King, and they would first try to settle any disputes by talking it over, and if this failed, in the first instance there would be single combat on foot, and if this did not settle the problem it then became a total battle between the Septs. After the Romans were to conquer Gaul, including France, and Albion / Briton, the Druids were hunted down for their part in creating resistance there, and they were then put to death, but despite this, some even became priests in the Roman Temples. Finally their ancient knowledge that had been passed down over the Centuries, which they had to learn orally over a period of 7 - 20 years, was totally lost, as in their Culture nothing was to be written down. The Shanachies, who were known by the Celts as bards in Ireland, Wales and Gaul, would distribute all the Celtic history, traditions, and the Brehon Laws, with their stories / scealta and songs, while roaming from one Tuath to another, and this was especially pertinent during the Winter months around the hearths. There were 10 grades of poets / file and their words were recited by the bards to the people, with the highest grade able to recite 350 stories, and the Ollamh with 24, and the lowest 7, and they all had their own attendants, and as learned men were held in great respect. Later on in the 1st Millennium AD the Celtic Irish Catholic monks from each Family Sept, was to inherit the power of their words, and during the Celtic Festivals of Samhain to Beltaine, being the Winter period, this was their greatest story time also to endeavour to continue on the knowledge of their history and genealogies throughout the general Celtic population in Ireland. An early Celtic Gaelic Milesian King of Tara / Erinn had up to 1200 poets, and their Celtic genealogy and history was of the utmost importance to them, which was not only faithfully recorded, but also repeated. The King always had an officer to keep the genealogical records, who was an Ollamh of the highest degree of historical learning, as he had to be able to trace all the Celtic Clanns of Erinn back to 12.Magog. He also had to visit all of the Tuaths and place the information gained from there in the King's Book / Saltair of Tara, while each of the Chiefs in the individual Septs in Ireland retained their own Shanachie / historian. The storytellers were known as the Feinigh, and the Aos Dana poets had 7 classes, which included the Ollamh, Anrad, Cli, Cana, Dos, Mac Fiurmid and the Foclog who were all part of the Shanachie / historians. All provincial records and those from the various Clanns were brought in every third year to the Feis / Assembly at Tara where they where entered or corrected after comparison with the Saltair / Book of Tara.

      The Oenachs / Fairs / Assemblies they conducted were actually held to celebrate a military truce, while their religion was the exclusive right of the Druids (priests) who taught the people that as their souls were immortal, they do not die, but passed from one body to another, which gave the Celts great outstanding courage and no real fear of death. The Druids of Ireland were set up in the centre of Ireland at Uisnech, and at Tara in the Midlands / Midhe / Meath / Northern Leinster. The Celtic Irish were basically a pastoral people, and they did not settle any towns, but they still held their National Assemblies at Telltown / Taillten, near Tara in Co. Meath, which was initially to be the main Royal Fortress of Ireland. It was situated 4 miles south - east of the present town, where these annual gatherings were still to be held up until the death of *102.Rory O Connor in 1198 AD who was to be the last Celtic Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh Ui Conchobair 175th King of Ireland after the Anglo - Norman - English Invasion. *44.Eochy / Eochaidh / Ollamh Fodhla the Irian 27th King of Tara / Erinn had begun the first Feis at Tara, which was an Assembly of all the Clanns of Ireland, and it was then to be continued on by the future Kings of Erinn every third year, which was to preserve the Brehon Laws and purify Irish History, which was then to be written down finally in the Saltair / Psalter of Tara / The Book of the Righ / King of Erinn.           

     The first and oldest ancient surviving historical book in Ireland was the The Book of the Dun Cow / Leabhar na hUidre written on 138 pages that are still available on vellum, which is only a fragment of what is was composed of originally. Early history was also to be written down in 206 AD in the Cin / The Book of Dromsneacht by Ernin who was a son of Duach / Daui Galach the then King of Connacht, who was also an Ollamh, a prophet and a professor. The Book of Leinster was the second oldest existing historical book up until 1130 AD, compiled by Finn Mac Gorman the Bishop of Kildare in Central Southern Leinster who was to die in 1160 AD. "The Book of Invasions"  / Lebor Gabhala was then written down until the 12th Century AD. In 1390 AD the Book of Ballymote was compiled, which followed on from the Book of Leinster. "The Book of Lecain" carried on from there, and included all the genealogies of all the Irish Celtic Families and also includes the genealogies of the Tuatha de Danann on 502 pages of vellum. Among those who were to keep the history right up until the time of *105.Brian Boru - of the Tributes the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlough 175th High King of Ireland in the early 11^th Century AD were Fercertne who was a poet, Seancha who was a son of Ailill, Neidne a son of Adhna, who himself was a son of Uither, Morann who was a son of Maon, and Athairne who was also a poet. In later times it was kept by 85.Cormac Ua Cuinn, the grandson of *83.Conn of the Hundred Battles the Celtic Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim 110th King of Tara / Ireland (Dal Cuinn), Another was 102.Cormac mac Cuilennain the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil 31^st King of Cashel / Munster who was also a historian and the Bishop of Cashel. Others were Flann Mainistreach, Eochy / Eochaidh O Flynn, and Gilla na Naomh O Duinn. After this time certain of the Celtic Gaelic Families either chose to do so themselves, or were ordered to keep their history, such as the O Mulcronys who were with the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh Ui Conchobair Sept, as they were the chroniclers to the Kings of Connacht around Cruachan in the Connacht Province, and were also in Thomond / Tuaisceart Mhumhain / Northern Munster, the Leinster Province, and in the O Farrell / O Ferrell Irian kingdom of Annaly in Co. Longford in the north - west  of Northern Leinster. The Mac Firbish were another who were from the Clann Firbisigh from the northern Ui Fiachrach Muaide / Moy Sept  who were also Kings of Connacht, the Auley / Awley / Ui Amhalghaidh and Cearra in Co. Sligo, the southern Ui Fiachrach Aidni Sept and Eachtga Sept, and with the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn Colla Uais Mac Donnells of Co. Antrim in the north - east of the Ulster Province. The O Duigenans kept it for the Ui Briuin Clann Maol Ruanaid  / Mac Dermots and Mac Donaghs there, and were also nearby with the Irian Conmaicne Maigh Rein Septs in Connacht. The O Curnins kept it for the O Rourke / Ui Ruairc Ui Briuin Kings of Breifne, the O Dugans for the O Kelly Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn Ui Maine Kings, the O Clerys and the O Cananns for the northern Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill Kings in Co. Donegal in the north - west of Ulster. The O Luinins in Co. Fermanagh in the south - west of Ulster, the O Clercins who were with the northern Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Kings in Co. Tyrone in Central Ulster. The O Duinins in the Munster Province for the Heberian Eoghanachta Kings, the Smiths / Mheic an Ghobhans for the Dal gCais O Kennedys of Ormond / Aur Mhumhain in Co. Tipperary, the O Riordans for the Cianachta O Carroll Kings of Ely. The Mac Curtins and Mac Brodies in Thomond / Northern Munster), the Mac Gilli - Kellys in the west of Connacht for the Ui Briuin Seola O Flaherty Kings. Originally the Judges of Banbha also were among those who were to continue to preserve Irish History.

443 BC The Euerni / Erainn / Iouernia / Ierin, which was later changed into Latin to Hibernia, also began to arrive into Ireland, who are now known generically as the Belgae Fir Bolg, who were a Celtic Teutonic people originating at this particular time from Gaul who claimed descent from Labraidh Lamh Dhearg - of the Red Hand who was a son of Bolg / Nuadu who they revered as their Sun deity and who they considered was the original ancestor of all the Celts. The Fir Bolg known also as the Bholgi Celts were “P“ speaking Celts, which in Latin came out as Belgae, and they spread out all over Erinn, although they were originally to settle mostly into the south and called their new home land, Eueriio. The Ogham Alphabet originally produced by Ogma Cermait from the Tuatha De Danann Sept was to be popular with the Erainn in the west of the Munster Province, and it also contained a Q and a Z, which is not in modern Irish.

 443 - 418 BC. *64.Oilioll Caisfhiachlach became the Celtic Gaelic Milesian Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh 77th King of Tara / Erinn, who was a son of *63.Connla Caomh the previous 76th King of Erinn, until he was slain, after a rule that was to last for 25 years, by *69.Adhamhar Foltchaoin. 

435 BC Bobhchadh ?

418 - 414 BC. *69.Adhamhar Foltchaoin became the Celtic Gaelic Milesian Heberian 78th King of Erinn.

414 - 396 BC. *65.Eochaidh Ailtleathan - of the Long Hair slew *69.Adhamhar Foltchaoin the 78th King of Erinn in battle and became the  Celtic Gaelic Milesian Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh 79th King of Erinn, who was a son of *64.Oilioll Caisfhiachlach the previous 77th King of Tara / Erinn  and he ruled for 17 years until he too was slain by *Fergus Fortamhail.

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