1172 AD -1
1172 AD Strongbow 11 / Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare the Cambro - Norman second Baron of Pembroke in Wales was now in control of the territory in Southern Leinster that had since been allotted to him by Henry 11 the Norman English King, and to fortify his position he constructed a wooden fortress in the nearby kingdom and territory of the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Laogharie Ui Connla Sept of the Mac Gilla Patricks / Fitz Patricks, where Kilkenny City now stands in Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west.
Henry 11 the Norman Plantagenet King of England, feeling that he was now well and truly in control of the Irish population also, began the construction of Norman castles in strategic positions against the various Irish Septs, and also more Cistercian monasteries and *115.Rory O Connor the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai 183rd King of Ireland was now forced to pay outright tribute to Henry 11, while being allowed certain rights still in Ireland, and Henry 11 told them all that this would bring about his previous promise of peace, but despite this personal declaration of this intention in Ireland, he immediately began to divide up the other Celtic Gaelic kingdoms in Ireland, between his Anglo - Norman Barons. This included Co. Galway in Southern Connacht that was previously the kingdom of the Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Fiachrach Aidhne Sept, Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province the kingdom of the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin AI Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray Sept of which the O Connors were the leading Sept. He also granted Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province the ancient kingdom of the Heberian Eoghanachta Chaisil Mac Carthy Sept there in Southern Munster / Desmond to Milo de Cogan another of his Norman Barons, to do the same there, and as a result Milo de Cogan was to become the direct male line ancestor of the Gogans, the Goggins and maybe even some of the Coogans in that region. The Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain kingdom of Northern Munster / Thomond led by the belligerent 110.Donnell Mor O Brian, he granted to Robert Fitz Stephens on condition that he was to drive the Irish Dalcassian Septs out of there also and gain the overall total control in that region also. Henry 11 also took over the other coastal Viking township of Cork in Co. Cork in Southern Munster and the surrounding region for himself.
March: The Papal Legate was by now demanding that Henry 11, the Norman English King, go to Normandy and answer the charges about his involvement in the previous murder of Thomas A Beckett the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury in England, and there was also rebellion being carried out by his own 4 Plantagenet sons, Henry, Geoffrey, Richard and John "Lackland," so any further personal intervention by Henry 11 in Ireland was to be put on the back - burner, but he was to leave Hugh de Lacy / de Leis, another of his Anglo - Norman Barons, in charge of the eastern coastal Viking towns of Dublin and Wexford in Southern Leinster, and Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province to also carry out his similar instructions there. He also granted Hugh de Lacy personally all of the territory in the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Niaill kingdom of Meath / Midhe in the south of Northern Leinster the previous Irish kingdom of the O Malachys / O Melaghlins / Mac Laughlins / Ui Mael Sechlainn, which took in the territory there from the River Shannon to the River Boyne mouth, as it was his intention to also contain Strongbow 11 / Richard de Clare in the territory that he had already granted him in Southern Leinster.
Henry 11
also
appointed Hugh / Hugo de
Lacy to be his English Chief Governor / Justiciar
in Ireland who would act
on his behalf
During the history of the Roman and the French Empires they had allowed citizenship to those who they had taken under their control, but this was not to be the attitude of the Teutonic Scandinavian Anglo - Normans who believed that they were far superior to any one else, and this particular attitude was to carry forward into the basic English Anglo - Norman / Saxon over - culture in the Centuries ahead, and although they were a Scandinavian Teutonic race themselves, during their previous 100 years of involvement in France they had adopted the French culture and the French language, which they were to continue on with in England for another 300 years. On the other hand, the majority of those who were to settle permanently into Ireland who came under the Celtic Irish Culture became Anglo - Irish and were to do the same as they did in France, becoming "More Irish than the Irish."
The Heremonian Dal Cuinn
Colla Da Crioch Ui Maine
kingdom in the Connacht Province had by now
also been reduced to the region around the
Clonfert area in Co. Galway in the south of
Connacht
where
their
main Sept was to be represented from now on by the
O Kellys / Ui Ceallaig,
who once again began shifting northwards away from the turmoil that was now occurring in
the east and the south of Ireland,
surrounding Dublin,
under the ongoing oppression and confiscations of the Anglo - Norman English
Barons and their allies.
John de Courcy, another of Henry 11’s main Anglo - Norman Barons, was a son of a Somerset Norman knight, and his personal circumstances originally were to be of meagre means, but he had 320 Norman knights under his command and many Welsh archers, and Henry 11 had told him also to try and take overall control in Ireland further to the north - east in the Ulster Province and he was to then over run the greater part of the Heremonian Dal Cuinn 3 Colla kingdom of Orghialla and the Gaelic MIlesian Irian and Heremonia Dal Fiatach kingdoms of Ulaidh for the next 20 years by incessant warfare after he was to set up at Downpatrick. Among John de Courcy's followers were the Audleys, the Bagnalls, the Bissets, the Copelands, the Chamberlains, the Jordans, the Logans, the Mandevilles, the Martells, the Riddles, the Russells, the Le Savages, the Fitz Simons, the Smiths, the Stauntons, the Walshes and the Whites. William le Savage (Later also Hibernized as mac an t Sabhaisigh) who was among those subject to the overlordship of John de Courcy was personally to construct a castle at Ardkeen there in Co. Down in the south - east of Ulster on the Strangford Loch, against the Irish Septs there and he would become the direct male line ancestor of the Savages, who were also to be among those Anglo - Norman families who in the future were to become "More Irish then the Irish." They were to eventually also fight on the Irish side from the 15th Century AD on, against the English Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre.) authorities who were to conduct England's continuing ethnic and religious oppression from out of there, and later still they also had a branch of their family in Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster.
During the reign in the future of the Anglo - Norman English King, Edward 11, Co. Down would be divided into 2 Counties, Co. Down and the Ards / Newtown, and during the reign of Queen Mary Tudor, Fitz Gerald the English Earl of Kildare was to take over Lecale / Leath Cathail / Magh Inis / Insular Plain in Co. Down, and later still under the devestating "Slash and Burn" reign of Elizabeth 1st Co. Down and the Ards would be recombined back to Co. Down, and much later on the Hamiltons would become the English Earls of Clan Brassil, the Montgomerys the English Earls of Mount Alexander in the Barony of Ards, the Cromwells the English Viscounts of Ard Glas whose title would later go to the Barringtons, the Hills the English Barons of Kilwarling and the English Viscounts of Hillsborough and Marquises of Downshire. The Annesleys were to become the English Barons of Glenawley and the English Viscounts of Castle Wellan Rawdon, the Hastings the English Earls of Moire, the Jocelyns the English Barons of Clan Brassil and the English Earls of Roden, the Stewarts the English Viscount of Castlereagh and the English Marquises of Derry, the Dawneys the English Viscount of Down, the Wards the English Barons of Bangor, the Needhams the English Earls of Kilmorey and the Viscount of Newry and Mourne, The Smyths the English Viscounts of Strangford, the Blackwoods the English Barons of Dufferin / Down / dun / The fortress of Dunn Daleathglas later Dun Patraic / Down Patrick.
John de Courcy had been given free reign by Henry 11 the Norman English King over the eastern region of Ulster / Ulaidh, where he was to become aware of the previous prophesy of 94.St. Columbcille / St. Columba, that a penniless foreign White knight, riding on a white horse with birds on his shield, would slaughter the Irish Septs there for 20 years until they were knee deep in blood, and he made full use of this prophesy during his many attacks on the Irish Septs there, while he was endeavouring to gain complete control over Ulster, although Cardinal Vivian, the Pope's Legate, certainly tried to stop his bloody advance there but he just continued to wage War against the Irish Septs in Ulster, depleting their numbers with great slaughter. Eventually it all became so bad that 94.Columbcille’s prophecy did come true, when John de Courcy’s Norman knights found themselves up to their knees, on the east - coast beaches, which were by then completely soaked in blood, as they slaughtered huge numbers of the Ulster Irish warriors in a major battle there on the strand. Despite the continuous mayhem that was to occur there, the Irish Septs in Ulster, under the leadership now of the Mac Loughlins and O Nialls from the Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Septs and their kinsmen, the O Donnells from the Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill Septs, would not give in to his constant attacks and they were to continue to defend themselves no matter what he did to them. (During John de Courcy's time as the English Earl of Ulster, it is believed that he had the relics of 94.St. Columbcille and St. Brigid gathered up and placed with St. Patrick's, so that the remains of these 3 most important Irish Saints would be together in the one place in Ulster). Much later on the de Lacys / de Leis brothers as Norman Barons would intrigue with Henry 11 against John de Courcy and he would be eventually arrested and removed from his important position in Ulster after all of the grief he was to inflict there, but he would not be killed.
Henry 11 the
first Plantagenet Norman English King also decided to order all
of the Normans, who were not directly under his control, along with the Cambro Norman
- Welsh, out of
Ireland,
and he also decided to make an agreement with
Durend the
King
of Limerick
in the mid - north - west of the Munster Province,
and also with
Dermott Mac Carthy the
Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil
King
of Southern Munster
/
Desmond with the added condition that
Dermot Mac Carthy
had to get out of
the City of Cork
Strongbow
11
had
previously given over
the Viking settlements of
Dublin
and
Wexford on the east - coast of
Southern Leinster,
and Waterford in Co. Waterford also on the east coast there below, in the east of
the Munster Province, to
Henry 11 the Plantagenet Norman English King,
who had then also given Strongbow 11 back his
Estates in Wales, England and France,
but in Ireland
he had confined him to
the territory he had granted him in Southern Leinster
only
as
Henry 11 had already handed
over all of the territories that were surrendered previously by
Strongbow 11 in
Southern Leinster to
Harvey de Monte Marisco / Montmorency
who was now
to act as his English appointed Marshall / Seneschall in Ireland,
who later gave
the Dun Brody / Dun
Bruadeadha (Brody's Fort) in Co. Wexford in
the south - east of Southern Leinster to the Abbots of Buildwos
from
Shropshire in England. The
Viking settlement on the coast of Wicklow
in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of
Southern
Leinster was granted to another of his Norman
Barons
Maurice Fitz
Gerald (Geradini) who started to construct the Black Castle
there on the headland, which is now just another
ruin because of its position in the scheme of things as it was to be raided many times by the
ferocious
Heremonian Cu Corb
Ui Dunlainge
O Tooles
and O Byrnes whose eventual territory
was to also be there in the Dublin / Wicklow Mountains.
The
term Norsemen at this time now also included the
total gamut of the
Teutonic Scandinavians, including the Danish Vikings, the Norwegian Vikings,
the Swedish Vikings and
the Anglo - Normans themselves, who were in reality originally also
Scandinavian Vikings who had initially set up in France in what had become eventually Normandy
- of
the Norsemen. The Anglo - Normans now began strengthening their position
further also from out of their main base in Dublin, situated in
Co. Dublin the north - east of
Southern Leinster
out into into
the
Munster Province, and
especially further into
Southern Leinster itself, where their
main families were to become the
Butlers / le Buitleir - the
butler the English Earls of Ormonde, and
the Fitz Geralds /
Geradini the English
Earls of
Desmond / Southern Munster, and also the English Earls of Kildare in
Co. Kildare in
Central Southern Leinster. They were to force out the
remaining survivors of the Irish Chiefs there and their Celtic
Gaelic Septs and within the next 30 years
with their superior weapons and greedy avaricious attitude the Anglo - Norman
English were to over run Ireland
altogether, but despite this over the passage of time most of them would intermarry with the
Gaelic Irish
Family Septs, and
begin becoming,
"More
Irish then the Irish."
The
main important Irish
Septs / Family branches to be effected in these Provinces were the
O Brians /
Ui mBriain from the
Heberian Dal gCais
Sept
in Thomond in the
north - west of the Munster Province, the
Mac Carthys
/
Mheic Carrthaig from the
Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Sept of Blarney in Desmond
in Co. Kerry in the south - west of
the
Munster Province, the
O Sullivans
/ Ui Suileabhain the
Heberian
Eoghanacht Chaisil Sept of
Beara in
Southern Munster situated at Bantry in
Co.
Cork with their castle on
Whiddy Island, the
Heberian Cianacht
O Connors
/
Ui Conchobair of
Eli
from the
north of
Co. Tipperary in the north - east of
Munster, and the Gaelic
Milesian Irian
Ui
Laigis O Mores
/ Ui Morda
in Co. Offaly in the mid - north - west of Southern
Leinster, the
Mac
Murroghs /
Mheic Murchada from the
Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh
Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Sept in Southern Leinster,
and the
Ui Muireadhaigh
O Tooles /
Ui Tuathail
and their kinsmen the
O Byrnes
/ Ui Faelain Ui Brain
from the Heremonian Ui
Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui
Dunlainge Sept / Fine who were to
eventually end up in the Wicklow Mountains
in Southern Leinster.
Of these last 2 mentioned Septs, the "ferocious"
O Tooles and
O Byrnes from their new position in the Wicklow Mountains, were to earn their epithet due to their
constant raids on the Anglo
- Norman English
agricultural areas around Dublin until the English were to construct a wall around
Dublin, surrounded by a region that was to become known as
"The
English Pale," to keep the Irish
Septs out, which was to be expanded or reversed from time to time
due to the prevailing circumstances, while endeavouring to continue
to attack the territory of the surrounding Irish Septs further out on the
periphery, while
they tried to take over more and more territory in Ireland.
For both the Irish and the English
this Pale
became a history of advance and retreat for the next 300 years
leading on to the generalized term of
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