1221 - 1230 AD
1223 AD 115.Niall Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Niall, who was the brother of 115.Aedh Meith O Niall the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Aileach, in the Ulster Province, had a liaison with the daughter of O Cane / O Kane / Ui Cathain the Cenel nEogain Chief in Derry in Co. Derry in the north of Ulster and because of this he was killed.
Donnell O Longergan 111
from the
Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid
Ui Turlogh Sept
the Catholic
Archbishop of Cashel
in
Co. Tipperary in
the kingdom of
Ormond
/ North
- Eastern Munster
retired.
1223 - 1562 AD During this period the Irish Brehon Laws were improperly known as the Annals of Connacht.
1224 AD Maelsechlainn 1st O Kelly / Ui Ceallaig, the son of Teague / Tadhg O Kelly, the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch Ui Maine King, died, who had his kingdom and territory in the east of Co. Galway and Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province, and he would be followed into the Kingship by Donnell 1st / Domhnall O Kelly, the son of Ceithernach O Kelly / Ua Cellaig, who was also to die this year.
Mahon / Mathgamain O Cerin the Heberian Cianacht Ciarraige Locha na n Airne King, also died this year.
115.Cathal Crobhdhearg - of the Wine Red Hand O Connor who had been assisted by the Galls / foreigners to at first become and then regain the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin 58th Kingship of Connacht, also died this year, as a monk at Abbey Knockmoy in Co. Galway in the south of the Connacht Province, after ruling for 36 years and with his demise this led on to the O Connor Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray Septs fighting a civil war between themselves as to who would be the next Ui Briuin Ai O Connor King of Connacht. 111.Donogh Cairbreach O Brian the Heberian Dal gCais King of Thomond, who was the uncle of 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor, one of the sons of 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg O Connor, supported him with his warriors from the Dalcassian Sept, acting as the English Lord of Thomond also, with an English Gall contingent. The Dal Cuinn Ui Niaill Septs joined in with the other legitimate members from the O Connor Septs, supporting the surviving 2 sons of *115.Rory O Connor the last 183rd King of Ireland as to their choice as who should rightfully be the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin 58th King of Connacht, under the Irish Brehon Law, but they were then forced to retreat. Further "switching" policies were then also utilised by the Anglo - Norman Barons to try and reduce the strength of the Gaelic Irish Septs, as these same opposing O Connors Septs in the Connacht Province were then assisted by the forces of the Galls / English foreigners to besiege the Dal gCais Ui Turlogh Ui mBriain territory in the north - east of Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province and they were able to defeat them, and this once again only added further to the loss of Gaelic Irish warriorsand the overall English agenda in that particular region.
The sons of Hugh / Hugo de Lacy
the Anglo - Norman Baron came over to Ireland without the consent of
Henry 111, the son of King John "Lackland," who was now the fourth
Plantagenet Angevin Norman King of England, and there was also dispute still among the
Galls / foreigners themselves, and because of this his sons were to seek aid from
115.Aedh Meith
O Niall the Heremonian Dal Cuinn
"northern" Ui Niaill
Cenel nEogain King
of Aileach in the
Ulster Province,
and together they intended to oppose the Galls / foreigners who were set up now in
the north - east of
Ireland. At first they
besieged Coleraine were they demolished the Anglo - Norman castle there, and
then feeling more sure of themselves went south down into
Northern Leinster
into the previous O Melaghlins / O Loughlins "southern" Ui Niaill
kingdom of Meath
/ Midhe, and then from there advanced further into the Leinster
Province were they were to kill many of the Galls / foreigners
also there. The
Anglo - Norman English
then compiled a great force at Dundalk, and 115.Aedh
Meith O Niall
and Hugo de Lacy's sons
were to oppose them, but the English Gall contingent was to prove far greater in strength and
115,Aedh Meith
O Niall and the
young de
Lacy's defensive tactics were to prove unsuccessful against them. 116.Aed
mac Cathail
Crobhdhearg
O Connor,
the son of
115.Cathal
Crobhdhearg
O Connor
the previous
57th King
of
Connacht
- with opposition, 111.Donogh
Cairbreach O Brian
the Dal gCais King
of
Thomond
and Diarmait
Cluasach - of the Long Ears Mac Carthy
the King of Southern Munster
/ Desmond at Muirthemne and Dundalk in Northern Leinster
demanded hostages from the sons of 115.Aed
Meith O Niall and 115.Aed
/ Hugh O Niall
who took up their challenge, while Hugh de Lacy submitted to William - the Marshall
- the Younger as
they disbanded, they were to receive no tribute from
115.Aed Meith O
Niaill. 116.Aed mac Cathail
Crobhdhearg O Connor
then besieged the
castle at Ard Abla in
Tethba in the west of
the kingdom of
Meath in Northern Leinster
were he killed
everyone therein including the Galls / foreigners and the
Gaelic
Irish.
115.Aedh
Meith
O Niall
the Heremonian Dal Cuinn
"northern"
Ui Niaill
Cenel nEogain King
of
Aileach
in
Tir Eogain / Tyrone
allied with his "northern" Ui Niall kinsman,
Donnell
Mor
O Donnell the
Heremonian
Cenel Conaill King
of Tyrconnell / Tir
Conaill / Co. Donegal
/ Dun na Gall
(The Fort of the Strangers) in
the north - west of the Ulster Province, and
together they also now brought
Co.
Fermanagh
in the south - west of
Ulster under his personal overall control.
The
Dominican
Black Friars of
St. Dominic arrived in England
and
Ireland,
where they were well loved and founded a
friary at
Dowth in the previous
O Melaglins / O Loughlins "southern"
Ui
Niaill kingdom of
Meath
in the south - east of Northern Leinster, and the
Catholic Archbishop
of Armagh
then
founded another friary for them at Drogheda
in Co. Louth there in the north - east,
as further religious building was to continue on
while construction was also to be carried out on the previous
stronghold of the
Cashel / Munster
Kings
on the Rock of Cashel in
Co. Tipperary
in the north - east of the Munster
Province until
1289 AD.
1225 AD With the previous Viking disruptions and the Anglo - Norman English Invasion the Irish Brehon Law was in tatters and the recent demise of 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg O Connor the 58th King of Connacht in the Connacht Province had by now set the cat among the pigeons and 116.Turlogh mac Ruaidri O Connor and 116.Aed mac Ruaidri O Connor, another 2 of the sons of *115.Rory O Connor who had been the legitimate 56th King of Connacht and the last 183rd King of Ireland from the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray Ui Conchobair Sept, now looked to 115.Aedh Meith O Niall the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Aileach in the Ulster Province to assist them to regain their rightful position under the Brehon Law as the legitimate Kings of Connacht. (Their older brother, 116.Conor Maenmaige O Connor had been the previous "official" 57th King of Connacht.) 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor, the son of the recently deceased "unofficial" 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg O Connor the previous 57th King of Connacht - with opposition had been stirred on by Donn Og - the Younger mac Geretty / Mac Airechtaig who was another of the Chiefs of the Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray Sept, to persist in his claim and also Cormac Mac Dermot / Diarmata the son of Tomalty Mac Dermot / Tomaltach Mac Diarmada who was also against any of *115.Rory O Connor's 2 sons gaining the position.The whole of Connacht Province was now in revolt because the dispute over the legitimate Kingship of Connacht, even 116.Aed O Flaherty / Ua Flaithbertaigh the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Seola King of West Connacht / Iarthar Connacht had also become involved and to assist *115.Rory O Connors 2 sons 115.Aed Meath O Niall took his entourage east - wards through the length of Connacht to the woods of Ath Luain and spent a night in the heights of Uana where he pillaged Lochnen securing the original Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray Ui Conchobair O Connor Royal possessions, and journeyed to Carn Free / Carn Fraich, were 116.Turlogh mac Ruaidri O Connor, the oldest son of *115.Rory O Connor, was inaugurated under the Irish Brehon Law as the new "official" 59th King of Connacht.
115.Aedh Meith O Niall then returned home as he had been informed that a large force of Galls / foreigners under 111.Donogh Cairbreach O Brian the Heberian Dal gCais King of Thomond, who was now also the English Earl of Thomond, O Mael Sechlainn / O Melaghlin and his followers, and Geoffrey de Marisco the Anglo - Norman Marcher Baron who was the English Justicar Deputy to William - the Marshall were all supporting 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor who had called on the foreigners / Galls to assist him, and he was the one now leading this group accompanied by Cormac Mac Dermot, and they were all heading his way. When they were not able to catch up with 115.Aedh Meith O Niall they decided that they would go after the 2 sons of *115.Rory O Connor instead, and they went as far as Mellick Abbey and plundered the kingdom of Leyney / Luigni in the Heberian Cianacht kingdom of the O Haras and O Garas, including Coolcarney and Bally Cong where many of the Irish children there were drowned while fleeing from their onslaught. Owing to their outright acts of savagery on the population, *115.Rory O Connor's 2 sons decided to disband until the Galls / foreigners were gone from the area. Echmarcach Mac Brennan / Branain the Corco Achlan Chief, whose territory was in the east of Connacht Province, was one of those killed at Cell Cellaigh on this occasion by the Galls / foreigners from out of Thomond. In the southern part of Connacht the Galls from Southern Leinster and the Galls from the Munster Province, along with 111.Murtogh Fionn O Brian, came against them with another party of Galls from Desmond / Southern Munster and the English Sheriff of Cork, and they were plundering throughout the region and killing anyone that they came across there. 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor was not happy about this extra attention, as he had not requested their help on this occassion, but he was nevertheless after some of the booty that the English Justicar and his Galls had gained while plundering in Connacht due to their nefarious activities, and 4 of the sons of Mac Murrogh / Mac Murchadha were also killed during their attacks and Connacht itself was generally sacked. 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor and his allies went to Co. Mayo in the mid - west of Connacht where he submitted the Gaelic Irish Chiefs there, and then went on to Kilmaine where the 3 armies of the English Galls were combined and 116.Aed O Flaherty also came in and submitted to 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor, and the English Justicar, and 111.Donogh Cairbreach O Brian undertook to send *115.Rory O Connor's 2 sons packing. 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor then went to Tuam where he dismissed the Galls from Southern Leinster and Desmond / Southern Munster and escorted the English Justicar to safety past Athlone. In the meantime, 111.Donogh Cairbreach O Brian had sent his men with a great booty to return to Co. Clare, but on the way they came up against 116.Aed mac Ruaidri O Connor, the younger son of *115.Rory O Connor, who defeated them and gained the booty back, and as a result 111.Donogh Cairbreach O Brian made peace giving his word and guaranteeing not to march against either of *115.Rory O Connor's 2 sons, which he had no intention of keeping. When the English Galls left 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor to his own devices, 116.Aed O Flaherty and the sons of Murtogh O Flaherty joined in with *115.Rory O Connor's 2 surviving younger sons again, but 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor once again sent for the English Galls to assist him, advising them that he now had a second revolt against him personally in Connacht. The Southern Leinster Galls under William Le Gros Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Norman Seneschall of Southern Leinster and Griffin Fitz William, who was a brother of Raymond Le Gros Fitz Gerald, sent their foreign Gall forces and attacked *115.Rory O Connor's 2 sons and also the Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Fiachrach Aidni Septs in Southern Connacht, Aed O Flaherty and the sons of Murtogh O Flaherty went to help Eoghan O hEdin the Ui Fiachrach Aidni Chief. but on seeing the great army of Galls that were there, the 2 younger sons of *115.Rory O Connor decided to go north to the protection of 115.Aedh Meith O Niall. 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor then attacked Aed O Flaherty who submitted once again to him and also went north to Kilmaine and Co. Mayo where he submitted again.
The Black Abbey, which was also a Dominican friary, was
founded in Kilkenny
City in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in
the south - west of Southern
Leinster by William Marshall
- the Younger who was now the English
appointed Justicar and Anglo - Norman Earl
there.
Conor 1st
/ Conchobar O Kelly was
now the
Heremonian Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch
Ui Maine
King
who had his
kingdom and territory in the east of
Co. Galway, and nearby in Co. Roscommon in the
Connacht Province.
Duarchan O Hara the Heberian Cianachta King of Leyney who had his kingdom and territory in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province, Teague O Hara and Edina the daughter of Dermod the son of Donnell, all died this year.
1226 AD Richard / Ricarde de Burgh the Anglo - Norman Baron had now also been granted the Connacht Province by Henry 111 the fourth Angevin English Norman King and he had his Gall / foreign forces take over Galway in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht were he crushed any resistance from the Gaelic Irish Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Ui Conchobair Sil Murray O Connor Chiefs and during the ongoing turmoil in what was now an all out contest for "the survival of the fittest," 116.Tiernan / Tigernan O Connor, the son of 115.Cathal Micuran O Connor, the son of *114.Turlogh Mor O Connor the previous 174th King of Ireland was killed by Donogh O Dowd / Ua Dubda and his sons from the Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Fiachrach Muaidhe kingdom in the north - west of Connacht.
Donnell O Flaherty, the son of Rory O Flaherty was also killed by the sons of Murtogh O Flaherty and 116.Felim mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor, the son of 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg O Connor and 116.Aed O Flaherty was then taken captive by 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor who handed him over to the English Galls, and 115.Aed Meith O Niall the Cenel nEogain King of Aileach in the Ulster Province took his warriors to the border of Connacht, but he then decided not to proceed any further and instead he went into Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal where he took hostages from the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill Sept, including O Donnell's son to ensure that he retained his overall authority there.
Aed O Rourke, the son of Donnell O Rourke / Ua Ruairc the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne King of West Breifne in the north of the Connacht Province was killed at Loch Allen by Cathal O Reilly / Ua Raghailligh from the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne kingdom of East Breifne who had his territory in Co. Cavan in the south of the Ulster Province, who also burnt the castle at Kilmore in Co. Cavan while he was endeavouring to move his former Ui Briuin Breifne kinsmen, the O Rourkes out of his territory and back into Co. Leitrim.
Fergal O Gara from the Heberian Cianachta, who acted as the Marshall for 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg O Connor, and 116.Aodh O Connor the son of 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg O Connor, were killed by Dunlevy O Gara the Chief of Leyney in the Connacht Province.
116.Fionnuala O Connor, one of the daughters of *115.Rory O Connor the previous Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai last 183rd King of Ireland, died, who was the wife of Mac Dunlevy / Mac Duinnshliebe the Heremonian Dal Fiatach Chief in the Ulaidh kingdom in the east of the Ulster Province.
Another Dominican friary was this year founded in Waterford in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province.
1227 AD The church originally constructed by St. Colmac at Innis Maan in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province was burnt down this year.
Henry 111 the fourth Norman Angevin English King now
divided
the Ulster Province into
Counties under an
English
Sheriff.
Thomas de Clare the Anglo - Norman Baron, who was a son of the English Earl of Gloucester, was now also allotted the kingdom of Thomond / Northern Munster / O Brian's Country by Henry 111 the fourth Norman English King that had previously been allotted to Herbert Fitz Herbert the Anglo - Norman Baron, by his grandfather, Henry 11 the first Angevin Norman English King, provided he cleared the Dal gCais Ui mBriain Septs from out of the region there, but on realising the strength of his Gaelic Irish opposition there he had resigned his commission. The Heberian Dalcassian territory there had also previously been allotted to William and Philip de Braosa / Bruce by his son, King John "Lackland" to do the same, but he fell out of favour and the Ui Turlogh Ui mBriain and the other Dal gCais Septs had continued to still survive there. Thomas de Clare on arriving into the kingdom of Thomond at first decided to construct a stone castle at Bunratty in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province against the Gaelic Irish Dalcassians in that region, where previously Robert de Muscegrow, another of the original Anglo - Norman Barons, had built a castle made out of wood there. Thomas de Clare increased the pressure on the Dal gCais Septs there by bringing in foreign English planters. (Later on the Bunratty Castle would eventually pass into the hands of Sir Thomas Rokeby another of the English Justicars in Ireland, from whom it was to be later taken back by the Dalcassians who were to defeat him in battle at that time.
Dunlevy O Gara the Heberian Cianachta Chief of Leyney in the Connacht Province was slain by his own nephew, Giolla Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Gara who was himself soon slain thereafter at the behest of Aodh O Connor.
1228 AD 116.Aed mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor the "unofficial" 59th King of Connacht - with opposition was killed under the instructions of Hugh de Lacey's sons and William Marshall - the Younger's English Justicar's sons, and once again without the solidarity of the Irish Brehon Law turmoil reigned again in the Connacht Province. 116.Aed mac Ruaidri O Connor, the youngest son of *115.Rory O Connor the previous 56th King of Connacht and last 183rd King of Ireland, and his older brother, 116.Turlogh mac Ruaidri O Connor who had been previously inaugurated as the "official" 58th King of Connacht by 115.Aed Meith O Niall, now began to dispute with each other over who should really be the "official" King of Connacht under the Irish Brehon Law and as a result of their personal dispute Connacht was to be once again devastated. Richard de Burgh / Burke, the son of the original William de Burgh, came over from England to Ireland to act as the new English Justicar, and the Galls and the Gaelic Irish Septs held an assembly in Connacht to decide what to do about the dispute now being carried on by the 2 sons of *115.Rory O Connor. They decided to support 116.Aed mac Ruaidri O Connor, the younger one, giving him the Kingship of Connacht and depose and expel his older brother, 116.Turlogh mac Ruaidri O Connor from the Connacht Province altogether. 116,Aed mac Ruaidri O Connor was then installed as the "official" 60th King of Connacht at their Inauguration Mound at Carnfree in Connacht, and in despair 116.Turlogh mac Ruaidri O Connor's own 2 sons 117.Maelsechlainn mac Ruaidri O Connor and 117.Brian mac Ruaidri O Connor went on a rampage and took the cattle they gained during their revolt across the River Shannon into Co. Leitrim into Fid Conmaicne. 116.Aed mac Ruaidri O Connor who was now the 60th King of Connacht pursued his nephews and one of them, 117.Mael Sechlainn mac Ruaidri O Connor, was killed.
The sons of Teague O Gara also slew Murtogh O Flanagan.
1929
AD
116.Duibeheasa O Connor, another of the daughters of
*115.Rory O Connor,
the previous Dal Cuinn
Ui Briuin Ai last
183rd King of Ireland,
who had been the wife of
Cathal Mac Dermot
/ Mac Diarmada, died this year as a nun, and
Diarmait Mac Carthy the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil King
of Southern Munster / Desmond also
died this year.
1230 AD 115.Aedh Meith O Niall the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Aileach and Co. Tyrone / Tir Eogain in the Ulster Province was advised that he was now to be left out of the land grants that were to be made by the English in Ulster, that had by now been divided into Counties by them and their appointed sheriffs under the direction of Henry 111 the fourth Angevin Norman King of England.
116.Aed mac Ruaidri O Connor who was now the "official" 60th King of Connacht turned on Mac William de Burgho / Burke the Anglo - Norman Baron, and the English Galls / foreigners after being persuaded by Don Og - the Younger mac Geretty, the son of Donough Mac Geretty / Donnchada mac Airechtaig and Cormac Mac Dermot / Mac Diarmada, and they began attacking the Galls and the other Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray Septs who were in opposition to them, plundering the territory from Tir Maine to Athlone on the River Shannon. Mac William de Burgh the Anglo - Norman Baron, the Galls and their Irish allies with 116.Felim mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor, who was another son of the previously deceased 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg O Connor, who the English Galls now intended to put in as the next "unofficial" King of Connacht to suite their English agenda. They were going to banish 116.Aed mac Ruaidri O Connor, the son of *115.Rory O Connor, who was now the "official" 60th King of Connacht, and to this end they attacked 116.Aed O Flaherty the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Seola King, and 116.Aed mac Ruaidri O Connor the 60th King of Connacht came to his assistance with the sons of Murtogh O Connor. Don Og Mac Geretty / Mac Airechtaig was to be slain after 5 arrows had been plunged in his body while he was still fighting in the Celtic manner of hand to hand with his axe, but 116.Aed Mac Ruaidri O Connor was to escape the same fate. The Galls / foreigners then gave the "unofficial" 61st Kingship of Connacht to 116.Felim mac Cathail Crobhdhearg O Connor and banished 116.Aed Mac Ruaidri O Connor, the youngest son of *115,Rory O Connor, who then once again went up to 115.Aed Meith O Niall, the Cenel nEogain King of Aileach in the Ulster Province, for his protection.
115.Aed Meith O Niall the Dal Cuinn Cenel
nEogain King of Aileach in the
Ulster Province, was to also die this year while in an alliance with his kinsman,
Donnell Mor O Donnell
the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern"
Ui Niaill
Cenel Conaill King who
then also took over
the nearby southern territory to the south of his own territory in
Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal,
which was situated in Co. Fermanagh,
Due to the death of 115.Aed
Meith O Niall
for the next 2 years the
Cenel nEogain
O Nialls and their
Cenel nEogain
kinsmen, the
Mac Loughlins
/ Meic Lochlainn were to be
in conflict over who now had the overall authority in
Ulster.
During this time the son of
115.Aedh
Meith
O Niall's previously deceased brother,
115.Niall Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Niall,
in
116.Brian
Catha Duinn
O Niall was to also ally himself with Donnell Mor O Donnell
to overpower
113.Donnel
Mac Loughlin
who was
now not only his
Cenel nEogain kinsmen,
but also his rival
for the
Kingship of Aileach.
This was to allow
116.Brian
Catha Duinn
O Niall to eventually become the
Cenel nEogain King
of Tyrone / Tir Eogain,
and both of the closely related "northern"
Ui Niaill Tuaths of the
O Nialls and
the O Donnells were
then able to continue
to basically reign independently in the Ulster Province until
1603 AD, up until the
Battle of Kinsale to be
carried out against the ongoing ethnic and reigious oppression of Elizabeth1st at that time, by
Aed Dubh O Niall
and Aed Ruad O Donnell.
It would be the final
revolt of the
6 rebellions that would be carried out against the ongoing oppression of
Elizabeth 1st
The
Heremonian
Dal Cuinn
Ui Briuin main Septs / Family branches during this
period in
the
Connacht Province were to be the
O Connors, the
O
Flahertys, the
O Malleys
and the
O Rourkes,
with the
O
Maegans at
Dun Doighre
/ Duniry acting
as their
lawyers and the
Keepers of the
Irish Brehon Law,
which had by this period in time been recorded and accumulated for well over
700 years.
Rickarde de Burgh / Burke the Norman English Baron and the Galls / foreigners were now in complete control of the City of Galway in Co. Galway in the south - west of the Connacht Province, which was situated on Loch Corrib, and he also built the Dun Lure Castle on the north coast of Co. Antrim in the north - east of the Ulster Province against the Gaelic Irish Septs there and the Galway area in Co. Galway in Connacht was also settled at this time by the Norman English and Welsh traders who were to become commonly known as the "14 foreign Tribes of Galway," including the Athys, the Blakes, the Bodkins, the Brownes, the de Arcys, the Deans, the Fants / Ffonts, the Ffrenchs, the Joyces, the Kirwins, the Lynchs, the Martins, the Morris and the Skerrets. The Joyces, in particular, who were of Welsh descent, were allowed by the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin O Flaherty Chiefs of Iar / West Connacht to settle in their Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Seola territory behind the 12 Bens to the west of the Maumturk mountains in the kingdom of Connemara. The O Clerys who were originally from the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Fiachrach Aidni Sept (many of which later anglicized their name to Clark / Clarke) of Kilmacduagh, who were outstanding Celtic historians, were to be driven out of Co. Galway to settle in the north to be also under the protection of the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill in Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal and Co. Derry in the Ulster Province, and also into the south into Co. Waterford and Co. Tipperary in the east of the Munster Province.
Shanid Castle at this time in Co. Limerick in the mid - north - west of the Munster Province was the fortress of the Fitz Geralds the Norman English Marcher Barons set up in Desmond / Southern Munster where their War Cry was Shanid Abu / Shanid Forever.
A Catholic Trinitarian friary was also built at Adare in Co. Limerick this year.