RAINBOW FARMS    AUSTRALIA                                              

                                                                                                                                                          12th Century AD 

        Ancient Irish Books that were compiled before this date. which were all to be lost over time, include; the Leabhar Buidhe Slaine (The Yellow Book of Slaine), the Leabhar na -h - Uidhre (The Book of Eochaidh O Flannagain), the Book of Inis an Duin, the Book of St. Buithe’s monastery (Monasterboice), the Book of Flann (Monasterboice), the Book of Flann of Dun Geimhin (Dungiven, Co. Derry), the Book of Dun da Leth Ghlas (Downpatrick) the Book of Doire (Derry), the Book of Sabhall Phatraic (Saul, Co. Down), the Book of Machongbhaill (Navan), the Leabhar Dubh Molaga (The Black Book of St. Molaga), the Leabhar Buidhe Moling (The Yellow Book of St. Moling), the Leabhar Mheic Murchadha (The Yellow Book of Mac Murrogh), the Leabhar Arda Macha (The Book of Armagh), the Leabhar Ruadh Mheic Aed hAgain (The Red Book of Mac Aedhagan - Mac Aegan), the Leabhar Breac Mheic Aed hAgain (The Speckled Book of Mac Aegan), the Leabhar Fada Leithgh Linne  (The Long Book of Leithghlinn - Leithlinn), The Book of O Scoba of Chuain Mhic Nois (Clonmacnoise), the Duil Droma Ceata (The Book of Drom Ceat), and the Leabhar Chluana Sost (The Book of Clon Sost in Co. Laois - Leix). (All gone.) the Saltair na Rann is still in existence in the Bodleian Library at Oxford in England.

     Owing to the previous upheaval, created by the constant Teutonic Scandinavian Viking raids in Ireland, on the Irish Brehon Law, the Gaelic Milesian Irish Kings had been adjusting to new rules to survive, as by now due to these ongoing Viking incursions and the coming new wave of the Teutonic Scandinavian Anglo - Norman English it was to well and truly become one rule only, "the survival of the fittest" and also it was still not to be until this Century that the Irish Kings were to lend their active support to bring about church reform and also set up the various Dioceses to carry them out. The need for a High Kingship of Ireland was now to be in it's strongest period with Donogh O Carroll / Donnchad Ua Cerbaill the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch King of Orghialla / Airghialla / Oriel / Uriel in the north able to position himself to act as an Irish Kingmaker as the main aristocratic warrior Septs in the Munster Province, the Leinster Province, the Connacht Province and the Ulster Province also now had a stronger claim to the High Kingship of Ireland if they could at first individually gain the overall authority in their particular region or Province. 

Thomond / Tuadh Muman / Northern Munster: the territory of the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlogh Ui mBriain O Brians. who were the Kings of Thomond.  

Desmond / Des Muman / Southern Munster the territory of the Heberian Eoghanachta Chaisil Mac Carthys who were the Kings of Desmond.

Northern Leinster / Midhe / Meath: The territory of the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Niaill Sept that was previously a fifth / Cuigi, was now separated into 6 divisions also with Tara / Temhair their nominated capital only. Due to the continual weakening of the authority of the "southern" Ui Niaill Septs since the time of *107.Malachy 11 the 174th King of Ireland, during the 11th and 12th Centuries AD that involvied periods of divide and rule, to weaken them further individual members of the Heberian Cianachta, Gailenga, Luigni and the Saithne Septs were also to lay claim to the position of Kings of Brega there in Co. Meath. This particular position there had been previously held by the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Niaill Siol nAedo Slaine Sept who at first had been over run by their own close kinsmen, the "southern" Ui Niaill Clann Cholmain Sept, who had then come to dominate the Kingship of Ireland until the early 11th Century AD. The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Deisi Temro Sept who had their territory originally near Tara, were also to re - emerge as an independent Gaelic Milesian kingdom since being eclipsed early on in the 8th Century AD.

Southern Leinster. During this Century and the next, the "ferocious" Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge Ui Muireadhaigh O Tooles and their close kinsmen the Ui Faelain O Byrnes who were to end up in the Wicklow Mountains in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster, and their other kinsmen the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Sept in the south also, culminating in the Mac Murroghs, the Kinsellas and the Cavanaghs / Kavanaghs, were to be independent of thier previous rulers in the north. 

Northern Ulster: Aileach was the kingdom of the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Kings who were to have their territory in Co. Derry, eastern Co. Donegal and in Co. Tyrone / Tir Eogan (The Land of 91.Eoghan), while the west of Tir Connall / Tyrconnell now known as Co. Donegal / Dun nGall / The Fort of the Foreigners was to remain the territory of their close kinsmen, the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill O Donnells.

Southern Ulster: Orghialla / Airghialla / Oriel / Uriel the previous kingdom of the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn 3 Colla Septs was centred on Co. Armagh, Co. Fermanagh and Co. Monaghan and they were by now subject kingdoms of their Heremonian Dal Cuinn kinsmen the "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain also, who were descended from 91.Eogan the 1st King of Aileach, who had been one of the 8 sons of *90.Niall - of the Nine Hostages the previous 126th King of Tara / Ireland. The Mac Loughlins / Mheic Lochlainn Sept who were from the Cenel nEogain Fine had come to dominate their close kinsmen the O Niall Sept in the early 11th Century AD, but this situation would eventually reverse itself near the end of this Century.  

North East Coastal Ulster / Ulaid / Ulidia was the kingdom of the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Conaire Dal Riada Sept, the Gaelic Milesian Irian Dal nAraidi Sept and the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Fiatach Sept, who were all by now under pressure also from the ever expanding Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Sept who were trying to gain the overall Kingship of Ulster in their own right. The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch Ui Thuirtri Sept had by now also advanced their position in the overall scheme of things in the north - east of the Ulster Province as the the O Flynn / O Lynn / Ua Flainn / Ua Floinn King was by now the overlord of the Irian Dal nAraidi Sept and the Heremonian Ui Conaire Dal Riada Sept there in their territory near Loch Neagh in Co. Antrim, although the O Lynch / Ui Loingsigh Sept still ruled Mag Line from Lis na Linchy. (The actual Ulaid / Ulidia over - kingship in the north - east of Ulster was not confined to the one dynasty, as it was also shared by the Heremonian Dal Fiatach Sept in eastern Co. Down, the Irian Dal nAraidi Sept in Co. Antrim, and one of their sub - Septs the Irian Ui Echach Cobo Sept in western Co. Down). The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Kings were by now the overlords also in the north - east of Ulaid, but they were still struggling to become an overall independent Ui Niaill Sept in their own right, and therefore the "northern" Ui Niaill Septs still could not yet call themselves the Kings of Ulster. Although the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Conaire Dal Riada Sept still had their original territory in the Glens of Antrim in Ulster, their Kings now lived in Argyll (The Land of the Gael) across the Irish Sea in the Highlands of Scotland, while the Colla Conaill Da Crioch Muirtheimne Sept were still in existence nearby to the south in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster.

    The term Brythonaid previously used as a generic term for all of the Brythonic peoples came to an end during this time.  

1100 AD Henry 1st Beauclerc was to become the third Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England until 1135 AD, who was the fourth and youngest son of William 1st - the Conqueror and his cousin Matilda the daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders,  and they had produced 4 sons and 6 daughters. Henry 1st married Edith, who was later to change her name also to Matilda and she was the daughter of Malcolm 111 the Gaelic Milesian Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Scotland and St. Margaret the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Princess, to please the Norman Barons. He refused St. Anselm the Catholic Bishop of Canterbury's request to personally return to England. Matilda who was to be one of the daughters of Henry 1st was to marry Henry V the Emperor who was old enough to be her grandfather, and later on she would marry the 15 year old Geoffrey of Anjou in France.

1101 AD 108.Murtogh Mor O Brian gave the Rock of Cashel in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province, the previous Inauguration site of the Kings of Cashel / Munster, to the Catholic Church.

1102 AD Magnus Barefoot the Teutonic Scandinavian Viking King of Norway devastated the Sudreys and conquered the Isle of Man and Edgar who was now the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niall Cenel nEogain King of Scotland then recognized his claim to the Western Isles.

1103 AD Magnus Barefoot the Teutonic Scandinavian King of Norway, died.

    The Scandinavian Viking Normans in France who had produced William the Conqueror / the Bastard who had taken over in England from the Teutonic Germanic Saxons, and in the later 12th Century AD would also invade Ireland, were at this time still in the lower River Seine area in France, which later became known as Normandy from the usage of the generic word to describe them as the Northmen.

     St. Anselm the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury wrote to 108.Murtogh Mor O Brian recognizing him as the King of Cashel / Munster and Ireland, again, from exile.

1107 AD Edgar the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niall Cenel nEogain King of Scotland, died, and Alexander 1st / Alaxandair mac Mail Coluim the fourth son of Malcolm 111 and St. Margaret the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Princess became the new Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Scotland until 1124 AD, who was also known as Alexander - the Fierce as he was to carry out terrible reprisals against his opponents from Moray to Mearns and he was a brother - in - law of Henry 1st Beauclerc the Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England. He also founded the Scone Abbey and Inchcol Abbey.

   St. Anselm returned to England as the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury after a compromise was reached, and was to attend a Synod in Ireland near Cashel in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province with 24 Bishops and St. Malachy to bring about further religious reforms.

1109 AD  St. Anselm, died, as the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury after 17 years as the Archbishop, with only 7 of these spent in England.

1114 AD Alexander 1st the Heremonian King of Scotland led part of Henry 1st's, the Norman King of England's, campaign against the Welsh uprising, and later on also married Henry 1st's illegitimate daughter, Sybilla, which further increased the Teutonic Scandinavian Norman influence in Scotland.

1124 AD Alexander 1st the Heremonian King of Scotland died at Stirling, and he was succeeded by his son, David 1st until 1153 AD, and the Culdees / Clients of God who were a Celtic Catholic Church reforming group of monks and priests were removed from St. Andrew's Catholic Church in Scotland, but despite this some were to still continue on there in Scotland in the remote areas until the 14th Century.

1135 AD Henry 1st Beauclerc died, and his nephew, Stephen became the new Norman King of England, until 1154 AD, who was the son of the Teutonic Scandinavian Norman Count of Blois and Adela another daughter of William - the Conqueror, and he was supported to this position by Pope innocent 11, but he was to be continually in dispute with Matilda the daughter of Henry 1st, who wanted her young son, Henry Plantagenet (11) the son of Geoffrey of Anjou, to succeed to the English throne and there was to be civil war from 1139 AD to 1148 AD because of this until a mutual agreement was eventually reached.

1136 AD The Celtic Welsh defeated the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Normans at the Battle of Crug Mawr, and Gwynedd was re - established as the main kingdom in Wales whose territory was from Anglesey down to the west coast.

1138 AD The Battle of the Standard saw the defeat of the Scottii.

1142 AD St, Bernard sent Irish monks over to St. Malachy in Ireland who were to build Cistercian monasteries throughout the 12th and 13th Centuries, obtaining the land to do so from the Irish Chiefs beginning with the Mellifont Abbey in the Boyle Valley, which took 15 years to construct and was 200' long.

1148 AD St. Malachy, Ireland's only original official Saint, who was the Archbishop of Armagh, died, while on a pilgrimage to Rome and was interred by St. Bernard at Clairvaux in France in the Abbey Church before the high altar.  

1150 AD Carmelites / White friars were founded by Berthold at Mount Carmel.

1151 AD Henry Plantagenet of Anjou who would become the future Henry 11 of England, the son of Matilda, the other daughter of William the Conqueror, and Geoffrey Plantagenet of Anjou, became the Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman Duke of Normandy.

1152 AD Henry Plantagenet, the 19 Y.O. son of Geoffrey Plantagenet in France and Matilda, the daughter of Henry 1st Beauclerc the previous Norman King of England, married Eleanor of Aquitaine, who had previously been married to Louis V11 of France, which had since been annulled because she only produced daughters, but to Henry Plantagenet she was to produce 5 sons and 3 daughters, including 2 future Kings of England, Richard the Lionheart and John "Lackland."

1153 AD St. Bernard, who founded the Cistercians, died this year, and was interred beside St. Malachy O Morgair who was to become Ireland's first official Saint, at Clairvaux in France in the Abbey Church before the high altar.

    Frederick 1st Barbarosa the Teutonic Germanic King of Germany at this time had Irish chaplains.

    Malcolm 1V became the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Scotland at 12 years of age until 1165 AD, after succeeding his grandfather, David 1st.

    The Carmelite Nuns were also founded by St. Berthold in honour of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel in Palestine, which was their full title.

1153 AD The Treaty of Wallingford between Stephen the Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England and his aunt, Matilda, ensured the succession of her 21 year old son, Henry 11 "Curtmantle" as the future Norman King of England.

1154 AD Stephen the Norman King of England, died, and Henry 11 "Curtmantle" became first Plantagenet Norman King of England, until 1189 AD, who was the son of Geoffrey Plantagenet of Anjou in France and Matilda one of the daughters of Henry 1st Beauclerc the previous third Teutonic  Norman King of England. 

    Nicholas Breakspear becomes the only English Pope and was known as Adrian 1V. 

1155 AD Henry 11 "Curtmantle" the new Teutonic Norman Plantagenet King of England sent a delegation to the new English Pope Adrian 1V wanting to invade Ireland on behalf of the Pope, but he was turned down, but despite this he was evetually able to obtain a forged Papal Bull to do so.

1157 AD Henry 11 "Curtmantle" the Teutonic Norman King of England subdued Wales.

1160 AD Fionn mac Gorman the Irish Bard, died, who had written a historical poem about the Battle of Magh Rath.

    Peter Lombard died, who was from Lombardy, who wrote the standard text book for Catholic theology in the Middle Ages.  

1164 AD Somerled of the Isles invaded Southern Scotland and died at Renfrew.

1165 AD Malcolm 1V the Heremonian Dal Cuinn King of Scotland, died and William 1st - the Lyon became the new King of Scotland until 1214 AD.

       Henry 11 the Teutonic Norman Plantagenet English King would make his move on Ireland through the auspices of 113.Diarmait mac Murrogh na Gall - of the Foreigners who would be the exiled Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig 59th King of Leinster. Henry 11's mother was also a descendant of 83.Fergus Mor mac Earca the original Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niall Cenel nEogain Scottii King of Dal Riada in Scotland.

1167 AD The Cambro - Normans began the Invasion of Ireland in cohorts with 113.Diarmait Mac Murrogh the previous exiled Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig KIng of Leinster.

1169 AD Strongbow 11 / Richard de Clare the Cambro - Norman second Earl of Pembroke in Wales arrived into Ireland with his followers.

1170 AD December 25th: Henry 11, the Teutonic Norman Plantagenet King in England, agreed with the appointment of Thomas a Beckett as the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury feeling sure that he would do his bidding only, but just like the Catholic Archbishops before him, Lanfranc and Anselm, he was also to be fully committed instead to his religious duties to the Catholic Church and because of this Thomas a Beckett was murdered this year at Canterbury in front of the altar while Henry 11 was preparing to invade Ireland himself with 400 ships and supplies, after he had recently had blurted out, "Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?" and 4 of his Knights had then killed Thomas a Beckett in the Abbey.

1171 AD Henry 11 the Teutonic Norman King of England landed in Ireland and he would use the fact that Adrian 1V, was the only Englishman ever to be a Pope, to secure a Papal Bull based on forged documents to pretend to gain religious control in Ireland and to  bring "Peace." From the 12th Century AD until the 18th Century AD would see the confiscation and plantation of the English Galls /  foreigners into Ireland who were to take 97 1/2 % of all of the land in Ireland from the Irish people with many to driven above the 600' level to starve to death, The Welsh under the English domination would mainly settle into the Leinster Province, the Munster Province and the Connacht Province and partly into the Ulster Province until the 13th Century AD.

1174 AD William - the Lion the Heremonian King of Scotland was captured by the English Normans and then released under the Treaty of Falaise. 

1176 AD The first Welsh Eisteddfod was held at Aberteifi. The Welsh judges carried around a game board / Tawlbwrdd / wood wisdom (The game of the Wise) as a sign of their office.

1183 AD Henry 111 was to be crowned as the future young King by Henry 11 but he died of dysentery instead.

1188 AD Llywelyn - the Great, the son of Iorworth, the son of Owain of Gwynedd, and his wife Marared, the daughter of Madog, the son of Maredudd the Prince of Powys, was in contention with his uncles, Dafydd, who was also a son of Owain, and Rhodri another son of Owain over the kingdom of Gwynedd.

1189 AD Henry 11 the Tuetonic Norman King of England invaded France and died this year, and his son, Richard 1st - the Lionheart became the new Plantagenet Norman King of England until 1199 AD and was only in England during this time for 6 months., The independence of Scotland was bought back. His younger brother, John "Lackland" was to act as his Regent / King of England and eventualy reign in his own right until 1216 AD who was to severely suffer from the Angevin Curse.

1194 AD Llywelyn - the Great, the son of Iorworth, the son of Owain, who was supported by his cousins, Gruffudd, the son of Cynan and Maredudd the son of Cynan, defeated his uncle, Dafydd in battle at Aberconwy in Wales and Llywelyn - the Great now 21 years of age claimed the kingdom of Gwynedd and was to marry Joan the daughter of John "Lackland" the Norman Regent / King of England once again increasing the Norman influence there also.

1195 AD Rhodri, the other uncle of Llywelyn - the Great of Gwynedd, died, and Llywelyn - the Great took over territory to the east of the Conwy, and his 2 cousins the land to the west of the Conwy. Rhys, the son of Gruffyd, the Celtic King of the kingdom of Deheubarth had made Deheubarth the strongest Welsh kingdom, but when he died, it was split up giving Llywelyn - the Great an opportunity to become the most independent  of the Welsh leaders.

1198 AD Innocent 111 who was only 23 years old became the new Catholic Pope in Rome.

1199 AD Llywelyn - the Great captured the castle of Mold and nominated himself as the Prince of North Wales.

 April 6th: Richard 1st the second Angevin Plantagenet Norman King of England, died, and due to the previous deaths of his father, Henry 11 "Curtmantle" the Norman Plantagenet English King, and his other sons, namely Henry and Geoffrey, Prince John "Lackland" who had been basically in control in England as Regent for the last 10 years, was now installed as the third Plantagenet Norman King of England until 1216. (He had previously personally strangled his brother Geoffrey's son who had been the official heir apparent, Arthur of Brittany).

1200 AD Llywelyn - the Great's cousin, Gruffudd, the son of Cynan, died, and Llywelyn - the Great became the undisputed leader in Gwynedd.

July; Llywelyn - the Great made a treaty with John "Lackland" the Norman Angevin Plantagenet King of England swearing fealty to him. His palace at Garth Celyn in the north of Gwynedd was to remain the capital of Wales until Medieval Times.

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