1537 - 1540 AD

1537 AD The English enclave in Ireland, known as The Pale, surrounding Dublin now took in the coastal region of Co. Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster, parts of Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster, Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster, and Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster. Henry VIII this year had 40 of the most powerful Lords in Ireland submit to him in exchange for serfdom, with English titles to be granted to them personally as individuals and totally under his control. Among these were Conor "The O Brian" who became the first appointed English Earl of Thomond / Northern Munster), 124.Conn Bacach "The O Niall" the first appointed English Earl of Tyrone / Tir Eogain  (The Land of 91.Eoghan) in the Ulster Province, Mac William / Burke / de Burgh of Galway in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht and Mac William / Burke / de Burgh the English Earl of the Clanrickard in the Connacht Province.

May 1st: Henry VIII introduced his own system of English serfdom and land ownership into Ireland, and also had himself officially declared the Head of the Catholic Church of England, and had another Act passed to have all the Catholic Irish monasteries suppressed, and their territories confiscated to the English Crown, including Grey Abbey in Co. Down in the south - east of the Ulster Province. At Baltimore in Co. Cork in Southern Munster the Ithian O Driscoll castles of Baltimore and Dunalong were totally destroyed and there was also an O Driscoll Franciscan friary there on the border of Co. Cork and Co. Waterford. 

       Murrogh - the Tannist O Brian who was set up in Inchiquin Castle who was also the Heberian Dal gCais Chieftain succumbed also to Henry V111 as a survivor and was to receive gifts of his Sept's territory and titles for his own personal family and his descendants in the future, if he gave up his Celtic Gaelic Irish rights in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province but under the Irish Brehon Law these were not his to give up in the first place, but belonged as a whole to all of the Dalcassian Septs. The previous territory of the Gaelic Milesian Irian O  Farrells / O Ferrells in their kingdom of Annaly in Co. Longford in the north - west of Northern Leinster, which had been previously taken over and held by the English Earls of Shrewsbury were now also taken over personally by Henry V111 himself. The Irish Septs were also now forced to pay for the bed, keep and clothing of the garrisoned English Military soldiers in Ireland, as the previous English Military sent over to Ireland had deserted due to the lack of receiving any payment.  

      Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Donnell "The O Donnell" who was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province. died this year, who was the father of Magnus O Donnell, and also Aed Bhuidhe - of the Yellow Hair O Donnell who was now the Prince / Tánaiste who would  die in 1618 AD and Magnus O Donnell in turn would be the father of Calvagh O Donnell who would die in 1566 AD who was to marry Catherine Mac Lean and produce another Aed O Donnell who would die in 1588 AD, and also Conn Garbh - the Rough O Donnell who would die in 1625 AD. Catherine Mac Lean was also to have a personal connection with England's greatest fear, 125.Shane O Niall - the Proud who was to marry her after Calvagh O Donnell's death, and they were to produce 126.Aed Gavelach O Niall who would die in 1590 AD. 125.Shane O Niall would be a rival to his nephew, 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall who would be the first appointed English Earl of Dungannon, and the second appointed English Earl of Tyrone, who would in the future also become "The O Niall" in his own right after 125.Shane's death, realising by then his true heritage, and take head on the ethnic and religious oppression carried out in Ireland by Elizabeth 1st the illegitimate daughter of Henry V111. 125.Shane O Niall would also produce 126.Art O Niall who was to die while attempting to escape from the English stronghold, the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre), with the young Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh - of Red Complexion O Donnell. Magnus O Donnell was also to produce another Aed Dubh Oge - the Younger O Donnell who would also become "The O Donnell" who was to die in 1600 AD, who from his own first wife was to produce Donnell O Donnell who would die in 1590 AD and his sister Siobhan O Donnell who was to be the second wife of 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall who would become the previously mentioned appointed English second Earl of Tyrone. Aed Dubh / Black Hugh Oge - the Younger O Donnell would later on be married to Fionnuala Ineen Dubh Mac Donnell from whom he was to produce the young Aed Ruad - of Red Complexion / Red Hugh O Donnell who would become "The O Donnell" also in his own right, and join in with 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall to try and stop the ethnic and religious oppression that was ever constant under Elizabeth 1st. Aed Dubh / Black Hugh Oge - the Younger O Donnell's other daughter Fionnuala O Donnell was to marry Niall Garbh - the Rough O Donnell, and his other younger son who was a full - brother to Aed Ruad / Red Hugh O Donnell was to be Rory O Donnell who was to die in 1608 AD who would also become the last of "The O Donnells," whose own son, Magnus Oge - the Younger O Donnell would be killed by another Niall Garbh - the Rough O Donnell in 1691 AD, nearly 150 years later on.

       Aed Bhuidhe - of the Yellow Hair O Donnell and Magnus O Donnell from the main Dal Cuinn Cenel Conaill Sept came into conflict with the sons of O Boyle who were also from the Cenel Conaill Sept and Donegal Castle was then to be occupied by Aed Bhuidhe - of the Yellow Hair O Donnell and many of the O Gallaghers / Ui Gallchobhair who were also from the Cenel Conaill Sept were to be killed in the ensuing conflict. Aed Dubh Og - the Younger O Donnell, who was the son of the older Aed Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Donnell the son of Niall Garb - the Rough O Donnell the son of Turlogh O Donnell - the Festive, who was now the Cenel Conaill King of Tyrconnell in the north - west of the Ulster Province, which also included at this time Co. Fermanagh and Lower Connacht, who was from the Cenel Moain and Inishowen, died and Magnus O Donnell became the new Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King and in September he decided to  show his newly gained authority in these territoriessituated in the north - west of Ireland and also besieged Lower Connacht and burnt the whole region there including the kingdom of Carbury where the English Galls now had their own particular Estates carved out from the Irish Septs'territories there. This  included the kingdoms of Tireagh, Leyney, Corann and Tir Errill / Tir nAilello as he continued on his way back north into Ulster and also took O Hara Riabach the Heberian Cianachta Chief from his kingdom in Leyney in Co. Sligo as a hostage while in the meantime Calvagh O Donnell besieged the Clann Amlaib / Awley at Glenawley in Co. Fermanagh and also the Cenel nEogain O Canes / Kanes who had their particular kingdom in the north - east of Ulster to let them know who was now in charge in Ulster.

      Conn O Niall from the Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain plundered the territory in Trian Congaile also to express his personal overall authority in that particular region in the north - east of the Ulster Province, but while doing so his son was captured during the conflict at Belfast and he had to return home but Niall Og - the Younger O Niall, the son of Niall O Niall, the son of Conn O Niall who was the Cenel nEogain Chief of Trian Congaile, died suddenly, and Conn O Niall then returned to Trian Congaile and recovered his son, and all out conflict then broke out there over who now had the real authority in that particular part of Ulster also. Niall O Niall, the son of Aed O Niall, the son of Niall Mor - the Greater O Niall, the son of Conn O Niall, the son of Aed Bhuidhe - of the Yellow Hair O Niall, of Trian Congaile who was the Prince / Tanaiste there, was also killed by the Scots in that region.

     Sir Leonard Grey the English Justicar in Ireland raided O Connor Faly the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb King of Offaly who had his kingdom and territory in Co. Offaly in the north - west of Southern Leinster, and he demolished Daingean Castle and killed many of the people there and devastated the surrounding territory, but O Connor Faly was to eventually recover his kingdom and territory back despite the English Justicar, and his own kinsmen the sons of Cathal Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Connor, and he was then also able to capture some of their followers and seize the overall authority back there in Co. Offaly.

     Cu Chonnacht Og - the Younger Maguire, the son of Cu Chonnacht Mor - the Greater Maguire, the son of Brian Maguire, the Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch Chief of Fermanagh, was killed on Croghan Island in Loch Erne by the descendants of Thomas Maguire and Turlogh Maguire, and his remains were interred on the Devenish Island of St. Molaisse, and then later on in Donegal town and following on from this Gilla Isa O Flanagan and his son who had their territory at Toorah were killed by his own kinsmen also, and the whole of Co. Fermanagh was now in turmoil.

     Brian O Reilly, the son of Fergal O Reilly, from the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne Sept who had their kingdom and territory in East Breifne in Co. Cavan in the south of the Ulster Province, was killed by the English Justicar's men while they were plundering the Clann Mahon, and Cathair - the Surly O Reilly the son of Sean O Reilly the son of Cathal O Reilly, was also killed by them at the same time.  

     Teague Mac Kinnawe / Mac Kinneavy the son of Aed Mac Kinnawe the son of Aed Mac Conshnamha, the Muintir Kenny Chief, died this year.

    Eogan O Gara, the son of Diarmait O Gara the son of Eogan O Gara the son of Tomaltach Oge - the Younger O Gara, who was the Heberian Cianacht Chief of Coolavin in the Connacht Province, died this year.     

    Theobold Mac William Burke, the son of Ulick Burke, the son of Edmund Burke, the English Norman Baron died this year, and conflict also broke out between his family.

1538 AD Aed Buidhe - of the Yellow Hair O Donnell who was now "The O Donnell" the son of Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Donnell the son of Aed Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Donnell, the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill / Prince of Tyrconnell who had their main territory in Co. Donegal in the west of the Ulster Province, died at Killodonnell and Magnus O Donnell his brother, now raided Lower Connacht taking Sligo Castle, and also went into the kingdom of Moylurg in the Connacht Province, which he devastated, and at Moygara his son, Niaill Garb - the Rough O Donnell was killed by a gun shot near Caislean Ui Ghadhra and they then returned home leaving those who had now submitted personally to Magnus O Donnell alone.

    Niall O Niall, the son of Conn O Niall the son of Art O Niall, was killed during an attack on Omagh Castle by the son of Niall O Niall, who then demolished it.

    Richard O Hogan who had been the Heberian Dal gCais Catholic Bishop of Killaloe in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province who had been previously transferred to Clonmacnoise Monastery, died this year.  

    The image of Mary at Trim, which had been venerated for ages in Ireland for healing all sufferers, and the Staff of Jesus in Dublin where it had worked wonders, was burnt by the English Galls and there was now no Holy Cross or effigy of Mary and any other, which the English did not also burn, and they set out to destroy all the religious Orders in Ireland, and the Pope and the Catholic Church excommunicated the English involved for the sacrileges they were carrying out under the direction of Henry V111 who also demolished the smaller Catholic monasteries in Ireland and confiscated their territories to add further to his coffers, and suppressed the Maynooth College previously founded by Garrett Oge Fitz Gerald, the recently deceased ninth English Earl of Kildare. 

   Richard Nugent / Nuinseann / de Nugent the English Baron of Delvin, the son of Christopher the son of James, died this year, who had his Estates in Co. Westmeath in the south - west of Northern Leinster.

Kilkenny College in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster was founded by Piers Butler the eighth English Earl of Ormonde and the first English Earl of Ossory.

1539 AD This year also saw the ongoing suppression and confiscation of the other Irish Catholic Institutions and their territories, which had been fervent centres of devotion in Ireland, for no other reason than to further increase the personal revenues of Henry V111, who now went after the larger Catholic monasteries in Ireland to further increase his wealth and Dunbrody Abbey in Co. Wexford in the south - east of Southern Leinster was among those suppressed and the Catholic Bishop (supervisor) there, Alexander Devereux, took up the position as the Bishop of Ferns. St. Patrick's Church at Duleek in Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster was handed over to the English planters there who were then in control of Drogheda and the land of the Knights Hospitallers in Dublin at Phoenix Park composed of 2,000 acres was also seized and the Book of Kells " The most Beautiful Book in the World" was also seized as English Crown property from the monastery at Kells / Ceanannus Mor in the north - east of Northern Leinster.

     Magnus O Connor from the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh Ui Conchobhair raided Lower Connacht taking further tribute and hostages.

    Conn O Niall was in Co. Donegal at Easter, as "The O Donnell" the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tyrconnell, who had his main kingdom and territory in Co. Donegal in the west of the Ulster Province, had recently visited him a few weeks before and due to the religious oppression and confiscation that was now taking place all over Ireland by the English under the command of Henry V111, they both made a firm and strong covenant, and O Connor the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh Chief nearby in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province made a mutual - treaty also and they agreed to be excommunicated by the Catholic Archbishop of Tuam and satirised by three poets, if they broke it. Conn O Niall and Magnus O Donnell also joined forces and raided and devastated the English Galls on the Estates they now held in the O Melaghlins Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Niaill kingdom of Meath in Northern Leinster as far as Tara, taking great booty and also plundered Ardee. Sir Leonard Grey the English Justicar in Ireland for Henry V111 went after them with English Galls from out of the towns and also Meath, and all of the English in Ireland and also men from all of their large fleets in Carlingford harbour, and they overtook the Gaels in the kingdom of Orghialla / Oriel at Belahoe, who then disbanded in disorder, and they captured Murtogh Mac Guinness from the Gaelic Milesian Irian Sept who they were to execute later on.

     Cormac Maguire, the son of Cu Chonnacht Maguire, who was now the Prince / Tanaiste of Co. Fermanagh, was killed by his brother's followers while his brother was present.     

      James Butler became the new English ninth Earl of Ormonde and the second English Earl of Ossory until 1546 AD, who was a son of Piers Butler the previous eighth English Earl of Ormonde and the first English Earl of Ossory, who had their Estates in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster.

1539 - 1551 AD Connor 111 O Brian, the son of Turlogh Don - of Brown Complexion O Brian the son of Teague O Brian, who had been the Heberian Dal gCais King of Northern Munster / Thomond for a very short time, died, and Murrogh O Brian the Tanaiste / heir apparent, his brother, became their new and last Heberian Dalcassian Ui Bloid Ui Turlogh Ui mBriain 57th King of Northern Munster / Thomond, and the Dal gCais Septs were now to be in great turmoil as he was to be well and truly under the heel of Henry V111.    

1540 Ad The O Donnells, who were the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill Chiefs who had their kingdom and territory in the north - west of Ireland and the Ulster Province, were finally forced to do homage also to Henry V111, as prior to this date, due to their isolation, none of their Cenel Conaill Kings and Chiefs had ever paid homage to any of the English monarchs.

      By now Henry V111, had achieved his goal in Ireland of disposing of the Fitz Geralds with Garret Oge Fitz Gerald the ninth English Earl of Kildare dying in the Tower of London, while his older son, Silken Thomas Fitzgerald had been executed by hanging at Tyburn along with his 5 uncles, and the real power of the Geraldine dynasty in Ireland was now gone and although the Geraldine League had been formed to support his young son, Gerald Fitz Gerald, which had included the Old English / Anglo - Irish nobles and the Gaelic Irish Chiefs, it too had also collapsed, and submitted to Henry V111. (There would now be no Gaelic Irish Chief left in Ireland who would be strong enough to control the whole of Ireland). The Geraldine stronghold of Maynooth Castle in Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster had also been betrayed to the English by a foster - brother of Silken Thomas Fitz Gerald, who had been rewarded by the English authorities by cutting off his head cut also, When the surviving defenders in the Maynooth Castle had surrendered they too were put to death and the Maynooth Castle was then confiscated to the English Crown.

      Teague / Tadhg Mac Dermott, a son of Rory Og - the Younger Mac Dermott, was now to be the King of Moylurg / Magh Luirg in Co. Roscommon in the Connacht Province until 1542 AD where he had his castle on Mac Dermott's Rock / Carraig Mheic Diarmada on an island in Loch Ce near Boyle.

     The Franciscan monastery at Clonroad in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province was taken at the command of Murrogh O Brian, as the English authorities in Ireland now banned the remnants of the religious orders throughout Ireland, and they also destroyed the monastery at Monaghan in Co. Monaghan in Southern Ulster where they also beheaded the guardian there, along with several of the other monks. 

     Leitrim Castle was constructed by Brian O Rourke from the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin West Breifne, and the kingdoms of Moylurg and the territory of the Muintir Eolais in the Connacht Province was now split into 2 kingdoms, and "The O Reilly" and his son, Conn, with their followers  from their kingdom of East Breifne were fighting against him, and as a result he was to devastate the kingdom of Moylurg later on.

     Magnus O Donnell from the Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niall Cenel Conaill attacked Donogh O Donnell and Rory O Donnell, the sons of the late "The O Donnell," but he gained nothing as they stayed where they were and he also besieged the territories further south in the Connacht Province, including the kingdom of Moylurg and Clanconway, plundering also the Curlieus Mountains and he later also went into Co. Fermanagh with Niall O Niall, the son of Art Og - the Younger O Niall, from the Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niall Cenel nEogain, who was now the Tanaiste of Tir Eogain / Tyrone and Colla Mac Donnell, the son of Alasdair Mac Donnell, and many of the Scots submitted also there, and he passed on through "The O Rourkes" kingdom of West Breifne to the Curlieus Mountains again, were he cleared all the passes, including Belach Bhuidhe, and the Clann Mulrooney came and submitted to him and gave up hostages. The sons of the late "The O Donnell," Donogh Cairbreach O Donnell and Sean Luirg O Donnell were still in conflict with him and they were operating from out of their fortress on a crannog in Loch Veagh from where they were raiding the surrounding countryside and Magnus O Donnell was to eventually kill Sean Luirg O Donnell and take Eicnechan O Donnell, another son, and Donogh Cairbreach O Donnell into captivity after destroying their crannog there.

     Donnell O Boyle / Ua Baoighill the son of Niall O Boyle, from the Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill, who had their kingdom and territory in Crioch Baoighilleach (Boyle's Country) Tir Ainmireach and Tir Boghaine in Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province where they were Kings and Chiefs of the Clan Chindfaolad, was this year proclaimed their new Chief.

     Teague O Meara from the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlogh Sept was to be the last Catholic Prior at the hospital at Nenagh that had been founded in 1200 AD by Theobold Fitz Walter / Butler for the Augustinian Canons, when it too was confiscated by Henry V111 and given to Oliver Grace.

     John Lynch the last Heberian Franciscan Prior of the Waterford Friary in Co. Waterford was forced to surrender to the English Inquest conducted under the instructions of of Henry V111, and the Catholic Church property there also was confiscated.

      Richard and Thomas Mac William Burke,  2 sons of Walter Burke, the son of Richard Burke, the English Baron, were killed this year.

     Sir Leonard Grey the English Justicar for Henry V111, who had committed great devastation in Ireland returned to England, and Antonius St. Leger was sent to Ireland to replace him by Henry V111.

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