1643 - 1645 AD
1643
AD January:
James
Butler
the Royalist twelfth English Earl of Ormonde,
who
had been reared in England for an English purpose as an Ascendancy Church of England Episcopalian, was
Charles 1st the
Stuart King of England's
appointed
Lord Lieutenant
in
Ireland and he
now commissioned him to arrange for a truce
between the
English Royalists and
the
Irish Confederacy
as the Irish Confederacy Government had previously sworn an
Oath of Allegiance
to support him and uphold the
English
Crown, but owing to James Butler's previous
Ascendancy upbringing he was to become a real obstruction to
any progress as in his mindse he was a determined anti -
Catholic.
March:
James Butler
the Royalist
English twelfth Earl of Ormonde
instead of following Charles 1st's orders
to arrange a truce with the Irish Confederacy decided to besiege New Ross
in
Co.
Wexford in
the south - east of Southern
Leinster instead,
which was being defended by
Thomas Preston the Anglo
- Irish commander for the
Irish Confederacy Government there, who he was able to defeat with his superior artillery,
but there was
nothing gained in the conflict either way,
April:
James Butler
the
Royalist English twelfth Earl of Ormonde,
finally decided to act on his previous orders from Charles 1st,
and
he
made an arrangement with the
Irish
Confederacy
Government for there to be a one year truce
between the
Royalist
forces of Charles 1st under his command and the
Irish Confederacy forces,
while another forward step was made when one of the two "survivors" in the Dublin Castle,
Sir
William Parsons,
was
removed as one of the English Lord
Justices in Ireland,
who was previously supposed to be acting also for
Charles 1st, but had been "fence walking" also for
the Puritan Parliament.
June:
The
Irish Confederacy
Government forces under General Garret Barry the
Anglo - Irish commander defeated the
English cavalry near Kilworth
and the
fort in
Galway in Co.
Galway in Southern Connacht
was to be finally secured by the
Irish Confederacy forces after they were to carry
out a successful campaign of
starving them out.
July:
127.Eoghan Roe - of Red Complexion
O Niall
the Irish commander of the
Irish Confederacy Government forces in the Ulster
Province
was having a hard
time of it up against the combined
Lowland
Scottish
Presbyterian and Puritan Ascendancy armies
under General Robert Munroe so he withdrew his men and went back into the
west into the
Connacht
Province were
he was then able to make further gains on behalf of the
Irish Confederacy.
Pope
Urban V111 was to send
Pietro Scarampi
to Ireland
to act on
his behalf, who was to offer assistance of stores and money to the
Irish Confederacy Government,
but no help was
forthcoming from either France, Germany,
the Netherlands, or
Spain.
August: The Irish Confederacy Government forces marched into Galway in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht were Sir John Temple and two other Puritan Parliamentary advisors were captured.
September 15th: The Truce previously arranged by James Butler the Royalist English twelfth Earl of Ormonde with the Irish Confederacy Government was "officially" signed at Gigginstown in Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster, where each side was to hold onto their secured territory with prisoners to be exchanged and a further payment of 30,000 pounds to be made to Charles 1st the Stuart English King within 8 months but the main condition of religious rights for the Catholic Irish was not dealt with, as James Butler would not give ground over this issue of any normal rights for the Catholic Irish, which was to have further repercussions for both parties involved in the Truce. Charles 1st then removed the English Earl of Leicester who was also a supporter of the English Puritan Parliament, who was acting as the absentee English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, and he put in James Butler the twelfth English Earl of Ormonde to replace him. who he then raised to the position of English first Marquis of Ormonde.
Negotiations were
now carried out at
Oxford in England
between
Charles 1st the
Stuart English King,
and the
Puritan
Parliamentarians
to agree on further terms also,
but the Puritans rejected all
of the
peaceful offers made to them by
Charles 1st,
while the
Lowland Scottish Presbyterians
in
the
Ulster
Province
also continued to
follow their Solemn League
and
Covenant they had previously made with the
English Puritan Parliamentarians,
although
it had been made
10 days
after
the cease fire was arranged.
The Puritan
Parliament then appointed
General Robert Munroe as the commander of
all of the
Puritan Parliamentarian
forces
in Ulster, and prepared to continue on with the
Civil War against Charles 1st and the
English Royalists and the
Irish Confederacy
Government.
November: Owing to
Charles 1st the Stuart English King's Truce
being now in place
with the Irish Confederacy
Government 2,500 English
Royalist
troops were returned to
England to further support
Charles 1st against the
English
Puritan Parliament forces there.
20,000
Irish
people were now on a single island off the coast of the
West Indies where they had been
previously sent by the English Government while another 30,000 had gone to
Europe.
Duald /
Dualtach
Mac Firbis / Forbes, the
Heremonian Dal
Cuinn "northern"
Ui
Fiachrach Muaidhe O Dowd / Ui Dubha Chieftain, who were
the hereditary historians in
Co. Sligo in
the north -
west of the Connacht
Province, had his
territory also taken away from him.
Ulick de Burgh
/ Burke
the English Earl of Clann Rickarde
who was a committed
English
Royalist,
now had to hand over
Clanricarde Castle
to the Irish Confederacy
Government in Co.
Galway
in Southern Connacht.
Conor O Brien
from the Heberian Dal gCais
Ui mBriain Sept had improved the construction of
Leamaneh Castle in
Co. Clare
in the north - west of the Munster
Province to assist in defending the people there,
but he was to be killed
by the English Puritan Parliamentary
forces
in battle so his wife,
Maire ni Mahan
/
Maire Ruadh / Red Mary
went
straight off to
Limerick in Co.
Limerick in the north - west of the Munster
Province where
she married herself off to a
Puritan
Parliamentary soldier named
Cooper, with the intenetion of holding onto their property for her son,
Donogh O Brien, and during there stay at
Leamaneh she
pushed him out the
window to his death, when he made a repugnant remark about her deceased husband,
Conor O Brien.
Derryhivenny Castle
in Southern Connacht
was constructed this year by
Daniel O Madden
the Heremonian Dal Cuinn
Colla Da Crioch
Ui Maine Chief,
and can still be seen there
3 miles north east of
Portumna
in
Co. Galway.
1644 AD James "Black Tom" Butler, who had received his name due his harsh behaviour and grim looks, who was the twelfth English Earl of Ormonde and now the English first Marquis of Ormonde who was also the officially appointed English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland for Charles 1st the Stuart English King who was hoping that he would now become more positive about the Irish Catholics and assist him to bring matters to a head before it was too late.
January:
The
2500 English Royalist
troops that
had been sent
back to England
to join in
with the other forces of
Charles 1st
the Stuart English King
there were defeated at
Nantwich by the
Puritan
Parliamentary forces, and the survivors of the battle there then also joined up with the Puritan Parliament army
against
Charles 1st.
March:
The
Irish
Confederacy Supreme Council met
directly with
Charles 1st
the Stuart English King at
Oxford
in England, to negotiate a final
settlement based on the freedom to practise their
Catholic
faith, and to be
actually represented in
Ireland
according to their percentage of the population.
April:
A deputation from the Ascendancy Episcopalian Church of England /
Ireland went over to England also, to ensure that
Charles 1st
the Stuart English King
was to
continue
on with the oppression and persecution of
the
Irish Catholics
in Ireland, by the use of the
Recusancy Laws,
and also persist with their
overall Ascendancy in Ireland.
James
"Black
Tom" Butler,
the English
Royalist first Marquis of Ormonde
and English Lord Lieutenant in
Ireland, for Charles
1st the Stuart
English King
took over the negotiations for a final settlement from
Charles 1st
with the Irish Confederacy
Government, but he was still intransigent over any chance of
any normal
Irish Catholic
reform, and he would ensure that it was to be continued to
be wrangled over for the next
2 years,
which would bring them all undone. Meanwhile the
English Puritan
Parliamentary forces, under
Robert Munroe
and
Murrogh O Brian
-
of the Burnings,
continued
to do as they liked throughout the
Ulster Province, and
the
Munster
Province respectively, as the
Irish Confederacy
Government
could not
unite their forces in these two provinces due to the differences between
127.Eoghan
Roe
O
Niall the
Irish commander and the Anglo - Irish General
Thomas Preston
not wishing
to be in any way subordinate to the other.
July:
Murrogh
O Brien
-
of the Burnings
the English Earl
of Inchiquin, who had been
Ascendancy
Episcopalian reared also in England for an
English purpose, had strongly supported the English cause against
Irish interests, but as a committed
English
Royalist he had become disillusioned by
Charles 1st the Stuart English King to appoint him the English President in
Munster as this region was his
ancestral Irish Ui mBriain home territory and in his bitter disappointment
of rejection over this matter he had submitted to the
Puritan Parliament who
had given him what he craved, making him their
English Puritan Parliamentary President in the Munster
Province, and he was now prepared to take on the
Irish Confederacy
forces on their behalf alone.
October: Despite the further English Royalist loss of support now also from
Murrogh O Brien - of the Burnings,
James Butler
the
Royalist English first Marquis of Ormonde,
would still not concede
any further religious "toleration" for the
Irish Catholics in his
negotiations on behalf of
Charles 1st the
Stuart English King who was
by now really worried by
the lack of positive results in this regard in reaching a conclusion to it all
as
Charles 1st was well and truly
personally aware by now that time was running out for him.
December:
Charles 1st
the Stuart English King
knew that he would have to speed up negotiations with the
Irish Confederacy Government
if he was ever going to survive the Puritan Parliamentary threat, and
to this end he decided to now make use instead of the Earl of Glamorgan, an
English
Royalist
Catholic,
to try and change the stance of
James Butler
the
English first Marquis of Ormonde
who
he was coming to realise had a firm mindset against any chance of allowing
Irish
Catholic toleration.
The beautiful Beaulieu House was constructed this year by Sir Henry Tichbourne at Bolinglass in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster.
An inscribed plaque was erected at
Tubrid in
Co. Tipperary
in the north - east of the Munster
Province
to the memories of Fathers
O
Duffy and
Geoffrey Keating
the Irish Historian and it is
still there to be seen.
1645 AD Owing to his obstinate position on negotiations with the Irish Confederacy Government as to Catholic toleration in Ireland, James "Black Tom" Butler was to also finally be replaced by Charles 1st the Stuart English King as his Lord Lieutenant in Ireland.
Lord Castlehaven was now also given command of the Irish Confederacy Government forces in the Munster Province thereby finally subjugating the obstinate Thomas Preston the Anglo - Irish commander to second in command, which was not at all to his liking, so he left Munster and returned to the Leinster Province.
August:
James
"Black Tom" Butler
who was now the English
Royalist first Marquis of Ormonde
was still holding onto
Dublin Castle
against 127.Eoghan
Roe
O Niall
the
Irish Confederacy
Government commander,
although a private agreement had been reached with
Charles 1st
the Stuart English King
who after his
previous battles at Marston Moor
and
Naseby
in England against the Puritan Parliament armies
realised that he now also needed
Irish
assistance also in
England. Previously finally
realising that
James Butler / Ormonde was too set in his ways
against
Irish Catholic
Emancipation, he
had finally
sent over
Edward Somerset,
the
Earl of Glamorgan, who was an
English Catholic,
to make a Treaty
with the Irish Confederacy
Government for
reliable
Irish
troops to be sent over to fight on his behalf in
England,
and he was to promise
them that the Catholic
religion
would then be "
tolerated" in
Ireland
if they did support him in this. Within the month he came to a
secret
agreement
with the
Irish Confederacy
Supreme Council
for toleration
of the Catholic Church
in
Ireland, and
the return of their
Catholic Church
property, which was not already under Ascendancy Episcopalian Church
of England / Ireland control in return for a
10,000 man
Irish
fighting force to assist him in
England.
October: Giovanni Rinuccini the Catholic Archbishop of Fermo in Rome was now sent by Pope Innocent X to Ireland with arms for 6,000 men and 20,000 pounds, and he landed at Kenmare in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province, where he was received with great enthusiasm now with the hope of Catholic Emancipation in Ireland.
Alasdair Mac Donnell
from the Heremonian Dal Cuinn
Colla Uais Sept had returned to Co.
Antrim in the north - east of the
Ulster
Province with his men from
Scotland to
Ireland,
where he had previously campaigned successfully for
Charles 1st the Stuart English King along with
Grahame the Earl of Montrose.
December: The terms of the Irish Confederacy Treaty made with Charles 1st the Stuart English King were disclosed, but Charles 1st always first a "survivor," denied it, stating that Edward Somerset the English Earl of Glamorgan had been sent to Ireland only to raise an Irish army to assist him, and subsequently the Earl of Glamorgan was arrested in Dublin on the orders of the Puritan Parliament, but despite this James Butler the Royalist English first Marquis of Ormonde, acting on behalf of Charles 1st, released him from detention.