1656 - 1660 AD 

1656 AD Certain approved English Puritan ministers of religion, were now appointed by the Ascendancy Puritan English Parliament to oversee the religious practices of the population as a whole who were now under their control, and an Act was also passed, "That persons over 16 years of age must take an "Oath Against the Supremacy of the Pope," and all of this further religious persecution only brought the Catholic Irish closer together, whether Irish or Anglo - Irish / Old English (Once again, If you want to make anything stronger just persecute it.)"

    126.Murrogh O Brien an Toitean - of the Burnings, the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Turlogh Ui mBriain Lord of Inchiquin in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province, who had been reared for an Ascendancy English Episcopalian purpose was by now, fully aware of his true Irish heritage, and he became a Catholic and repented for the terrible things that he done to his own people in Ireland, especially in the Munster Province not only on behalf of the English Monarchy, but also the Ascendancy English Puritan Parliament. (His incredulous previous deeds had shown what can be achieved by an absolute imposed foreign upbringingon the culture of any particular individual.) 

1657 AD The Ascendancy English Puritan Parliament, which was now under the full control of Oliver Cromwell offered him personally the Crown of England, and also passed an Act for, "Assuming, confirming and settling Ireland," and another anti - religious Act for, "Convicting, discovering and repressing Catholics." 

       Meanwhile in Ireland, the majority of the population, whether Irish or Anglo - Irish / Old English families had been cleared out of their particular territories in the east, the south, the north and the west of Ireland, and mostly sent across the River Shannon to "Connacht or Hell."  80 % from Co. Clare, 91% of Co. Galway, 39% of Co. Leitrim, 81% of Co. Mayo, 68% of Co. Roscommon, 58% of Co. Sligo. The Percentage from the Counties that were Transplanted was Munster: Co. Kerry 59%, Co. Cork 65%, Co. Limerick 57%, Co. Tipperary 77%, Co. Waterford 52%. Leinster: Co. Carlow 72%, Co. Dublin 46%, Co. Kilkenny 58%, Co. Kildare 49%, Co. Laois 43%, Co. Longford 61%, Co. Louth 65%,  Co. Meath 76%, Co. Offaly 46%, Co. Wexford 60%, Co. Wicklow 35%, Co. Westmeath 75%, Ulster: Co. Cavan 43%,  Co. Fermanagh 15%, Co. Monaghan 38%, Co. Armagh 34%, Co. Down 26%, Co. Antrim 41%, Co. Tyrone 4 %, Co. Derry 14%, Co. Donegal 11%. 

      By this time all of the great Irish and Anglo - Irish Catholic landholders had been removed from their confiscated territories, and the City of Gloucester in England was also offered the City of Galway in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht, while the Geraldine Castle of the Fitz Geralds, which had originally belonged to the Heberian Eoghanacht O Donovans, had also been destroyed by Oliver Cromwell at Adare in Co. Limerick in the north - west of the Munster Province. 

    Among the New English non - Catholic Land Lords, who were Oliver Cromwell officers, soldiers and supporters, who were allocated Irish territories and then planted in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster, were Thomas Adams, John Ashburnham, Sir George Askew, Nathaniel Cooper, Countess of Mountrath, George Bishop, Joseph Cuffe, Joseph Deane, the Duke of York, Theophilus Eaton, Thomas Evans, Maudlin Fisher, Charles Gore, Sir Francis Gore, William Halsley, Sir George Hamilton, Charles Hewetson, Thomas Hewetson, John Hurd, Isaac Jackson, John Jessop, John Jones, Thomas Lestrange, Christopher Lovett, Bryan Mansergh, Christopher Mathews, Sir Algernon May, Sir Charles Meredith, Robert Mihill, John Peck, Sir William Petty, Sir Henry Pierce, John Ponsonby, Sir Arthur Ranelagh, Daniel Redmond, Christopher Render, William Shore, Arthur St. George, Anthony Stampe, James Stopford, Oliver Tallent, Sir John Temple, Allen Tench, Thomas Tomlins, Lord Vaux, Christopher Wandesford, William Warden, Henry Webb, Sir Charles Wheeler, Oliver Wheeler and Francis Willoughby,  

       The actual Catholic priests who were taken prisoner were imprisoned or exiled into forced labour camps on the Aran Islands, off of the coast of Co. Galway in Southern Connacht, adjacent to Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province, but despite this, over time they where to filter back into the provincial towns of Ireland, and just like the Catholic Hedge schoolmasters they continued to minister to the Irish people in secret. (Irish slave hunts were carried out also, and thousands of Irish people were still rounded up and sent to the West Indies.) Teague / Tadhg Mac Daire the chief poet in Co. Clare was also killed by an Oliver Cromwell soldier, who hurled him over a cliff onto the rocks below just for being Irish. Barnabas O Brien the English appointed Episcopalian Earl of Thomond in Co. Clare now decided to retire to the safety of England, while on the other hand, Lord Clare's Dragoons from Carrigholt in Co. Clare was to continue on with the resistance against Oliver Cromwell's Puritan English forces in the north right up until 1690 AD.   

November: Henry Cromwell, the son of Oliver Cromwell was this month appointed the English Puritan Lord Deputy in Ireland, replacing Fleetwood his brother - in - law, and he decided to pay the salaries of the Lowland Scottish Presbyterian ministers in the Ulster Province to try and gain their support also, and legislated against superstitious observance of Christmas Holy Days and he also tried to put in their approved Puritan Episcopalian ministers who were also paid by the state, who were orthodox and politically sound (from his perspective,) into every parish in Ireland. In the east and the south of Ireland all remaining Irish Catholics were forced to give up there land, and he also began a plan to ship the poorer Irish children to England to be used as a servant class, and had a plan for specific education control in Ireland.

      Luke Wadding the Anglo - Irish Franciscan historian and philosopher, from Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province, died this year.

     John Collins a Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Dominican friar was also killed by Oliver Cromwell's forces.

      Sir Charles Coote, the English Puritan commander, started an Iron Works in Co. Laois in the mid - west of Southern Leinster.

1658 AD The Book of Kells, the most beautiful book in the World, of 94.St. Columbcille / Columba, which had been previously confiscated by the English Crown under Henry V111, was now in the possession of Gerald Plunkett in Dublin, and would later come into the possession of Ussher the Ascendancy English Church of England Bishop.

       John Colgan (1592 - 1658) the author of "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," died this year.

      By now the confiscation of the Irish territories, and the English non - Catholic plantations of the same by Oliver Cromwell was nearly finished, and it was also now intended that his soldiers were to be planted along with the other English non - Catholic planters up against the Irish and the Anglo - Irish also in the Connacht Province, to ensure that they were totally secured there but his plan was to go amiss, as his soldiers instead sold most of their rights or debentures for cash, which then created larger holdings there for those who did take them up, and who also were to soon intermarry with the Catholic Irish Families in those areas, and were to soon also take up their Irish Culture and their Irish faith.

    The English Puritan Military Bill at this time for Ireland was running at 264,000 pounds a year.

September 3rd: Oliver Cromwell, died, and during his 11 year Commonwealth rule he had been very severe on his opponents, and had also turned on and executed many of those who had supported him in the first instance, for as always it seems that power corrupts and total power totally corrupts! but one of his sons, Henry Cromwell, was still hanging in there as the English appointed Lord Deputy in Ireland, while his other son, Richard Cromwell (Queen Dick) became the new Lord Protector in England.   

1659 AD There were now only 16,474 Catholic Irish, and 440 Church of England Episcopalian planters, left in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province at this time, as hundreds of the Irish Catholics there by now had been taken to Cork Harbour by the English Puritan Military forces and transported into slavery to the Barbados.  

May: The actual English Army in England itself, basically deposed Richard Cromwell the new Lord Protector there, and restored the Rump of the English Long Parliament to re - govern England, looking towards the Restoration of the English Monarchy under Charles 1st's son, Charles 11, who was still in exile in France.

June: Oliver Cromwell's other son, Henry Cromwell, also resigned as the English Lord Deputy in Ireland, and the English Parliament put Commissioners into Ireland to replace him.

October: The actual English Army then expulsed the English Rump Parliament, while General George Monck the previous English Puritan commander in Scotland, declared now for the new English Ascendancy Parliament.

December 13th: Sir Hardress Waller seized the Dublin Castle in Ireland, on behalf of the new English Ascendancy Parliament, and was able to secure other English garrisons there within 10 days. 

December 22nd: The English Rump Parliament was restored for the second time, and they then appointed 3 new Commissioners to run Ireland for the new English Ascendancy Parliament, including the pro - Presbyterian, William Bury, and the 2 ex - Royalist "survivors"  who had gone over to the Puritans previously, Lord Broghill and Sir Charles Coote.     

1660 AD Restoration of the English Monarchy. Charles 11, was now to be recognized as the third French Stuart English King, and was contacted in Brussels by Lord Broghill and Sir Charles Coote, regarding his return to the English Monarchy, and some of Oliver Cromwell's previous Roundheads were forced out, and also some of the Old English / Anglo - Irish Catholics were to regain their land in Ireland.

February 7th: A Convention was held in Dublin, dominated by the English Army themselves and associated Oliver Cromwell non - Catholic planters in Ireland, to attempt to secure their future, and Lord Broghill together with Sir Charles Coote convinced them that this could only be achieved by restoring the English Monarchy to Charles 11. 

February 15th: Sir Hardress Waller, seized the Dublin Castle again, but had to give it up after only a few days, and the Convention members joined with General George Monck, demanding that all the English Parliament members who were basically Royalists, who had been expelled in 1649 AD, should be allowed to resume their previous positions in the English Ascendancy Parliament.

March: The English Long Parliament, which was now strengthened further by the increased numbers, dissolved itself.

April: At the English Convention held in Westminster in England, they came to terms with Charles 11, who was naturally very adaptable.

May 8th: The new English Ascendancy Parliament, restored the monarchy under Charles 11, the son of Charles 1st, as their new Episcopalian King of England, and James "Black Tom" Butler the exiled Royalist and 1st Marquis of Ormonde who had previously also been Attainted under Oliver Cromwell, was back in as the English Lord Deputy in Ireland while some of Oliver Cromwell's Roundhead soldiers, were to lose their previously confiscated Irish land, and some of the Old English / Anglo - Irish were to regain their previous Irish land and Oliver Cromwell's Puritan Parliament, which had previously included 30 members from Ireland in one of the Chambers, was now well and truly out of power.

May 14th: Charles 11, was proclaimed the new French Stuart English King in Dublin, and George Monck who was now the Duke of Ablemarle was appointed the English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, were he too now had great Estates, but had no intention of going to Ireland and the Lowland Scottish Presbyterians in the Ulster Province sent over their envoys to see Charles 11, to remind him of his original commitment to the Scottish Covenant he had made with them, but they were not allowed to see him, and any references to their previous Covenant were removed.

     After all of the ethnic and religious persecution by the English monarchs, and the endless English Parliaments, the tremendous amounts of land confiscations, and the numerous English "foreign"" non - Catholic plantations, let alone the Transportation of all those previous Irish Families into slavery, and the massive amount of the Irish population who had been killed for the last 500 years up until now,  75 % of Ireland was still Catholic, but the Irish now only held 9% of their original native land in Ireland.

      A new Ascendancy Anglo - Irish Parliament was restored in Dublin, and Phoenix Park was also set up on 1,750 acres there.   

      Sir William Bereton, who was to be granted 6,700 acres in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province and Co. Armagh in the south - east of the Ulster Province, was to only spend 3 weeks in Ireland inspecting the land, while large scale immigration began from the Scottish Lowlands to the Ulster Province, which was now basically in Scottish hands with a majority of Lowland Presbyterian landholders there.   

      The Habeus Corpus Act was passed so that, "No one was to be imprisoned without a trial."

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