1693 - 1700 AD

1693 AD July 29th: Patrick Sarsfield, the Irish Royalist commander, who had previously arranged what was to become known as "The Violated Treaty of Limerick," was also to be killed at Landen in France, by a musket ball, while fighting on the side of France against the English forces, and the last words he was heard to exclaim were, "Oh, that this was for Ireland."  

     The Woods of Shillelagh in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster, from were the Irish stick weapon received its name, were now also cut down by the English for burning in their Ironworks, while William of Orange the Dutch English King also took the Oak trees from there to roof Westminster Hall.

     The last of the giant Wolves was seen this year in Dungiven in Co. Derry in the north - east of the Ulster Province.

1694 AD William of Orange, the Dutch English King, now ruled England alone, as Mary Stuart, the non - Catholic daughter of James 11 the previous Catholic King of England, had died in May, and had left no living issue, and he reopened Sir William Petty's Ironworks at Kenmare in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province, where they continued to burn the remaining trees there until there was to be none left at all.

October: Donagh Mac Carthy, the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil third Lord of Clan Carty in Southern Munster, was able to escape from the Tower of London, but was then betrayed by his English brother - in - law, and after he was retaken he was exiled to Germany.

1695 AD James Phelan the Catholic Bishop of Ossory, and the other Irish Catholics there in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster, were excluded from freeman status in Kilkenny City.

      The second Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliament, was held under William of Orange who was now the exclusive Dutch English King, who desperately needed the revenues from the Land Lord's Estates in Ireland who were now more sure of his less conciliatory policy towards Irish Catholics, and they pushed on with their Sectarian agenda of "No Toleration for Catholics" and introduced further Irish Penal Laws, and an Anti - Catholic Bill, which covered a fair range of restrictions, including that, "Irish children were not to be sent abroad to be educated, the Irish were not to carry arms, and the Irish were not allowed to own a horse worth more than 5 pounds." 

      The Irish Catholic landholding in Ireland, was now down from 20% to 14%, and another Anti - Catholic Bill was proposed," To brand the Catholic friars on the cheeks with a hot iron, so that if they returned to Ireland after Transportation they could be executed." 

     Denis O Hempsey / Hamsey the Irish harpist, died this year at 112 years of age, at Garvagh, in his family territory in Co. Derry in the north - east of the Ulster Province.  

      Arthur Capel replaced Lord Sydney as the English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, and made further popular appointments of his own and was now to conduct an Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliament annually until 1698 AD.

1696 AD William Daton / Daughton / Dalton, (originally de Auton), who was initially of Anglo - Norman origins, and whose family had been in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster since the 13th Century AD, became the Catholic Bishop of Ossory there until 1712 AD, and would be personally forced to flee from Ireland in 1698 AD in fear of his life.

      Henry de Massue, the French Marquis de Ruvigny, became the English Earl of Galway in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht under the auspices of William of Orange the Dutch exclusive English King, and colonised the area there with non - Catholic French and Flemish refugees from the Edict of Nantes. Other powerful Landed Gentry, many of whom were Absentee Land Lords, were also granted new Estates in Co. Kilkenny in Southern Leinster and among these were James Agar at Gowran, Rev. Arthur Anderson, James Anderson / Dublin, Arthur Bush / Dublin, George Carpenter / Oxford, Dr. Marmaduke Coghill, Sir Richard Cox, Thomas Crawford / Kilkenny, Griffith Drisdall / Kilkenny, Lewis Dubay / Dublin, John Eaton / Mt. Eaton, Ralph Gore / Kilkenny, John Hartstronge Ascendancy Church of England Bishop of Ossory, Joseph Kelly / Kellymount, John Kent / Waterford, John Langrishe / Knocktopher, William Mainwaring / Dublin, Jeremiah Marsh / Dean of Kilmore, William Ponsonby / Bessborough, Abraham Roth / Lower Grange, Richard St. George / Dublin, Philip Savage / Court of Exchequer, Stephen Sweet / Kilkenny, Rev. Thomas Way, William Wilkinson / Tinture, Edward Worth / Rathfarnham, and the Hollow Sword Company of London who was granted nearly 18,000 acres. The tenants on these Estates were still to be mainly Irish Catholics, but now with the addition of Anglo - Irish / Old English tenants. A minority of new non - Catholic Land Lords now also had vast tracts of Irish land also in Co. Kilkenny. 

    Antoine Mac Eniry was now a Lieutenant Colonel in Dillon's Irish BrigadeRegiment in France.  

1697 AD The Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliament, this year, passed another Anti - Catholic Banishment Act, against all those Catholic clergy who held ecclesiastical jurisdiction (Bishop / supervisors) to be exiled out of Ireland by May 1st 1698 AD. Those in the Ascendancy, who were in charge of the Church of England / Ireland, who were still the minority in Ireland, but were backed up by the English Government's Military authority, now had their monopoly reinforced when William of Orange the exclusive Dutch English King allowed the Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliament to also remove the Catholic Toleration clause agreed to in "The Violated Treaty of Limerick." Therefore, they also did not ratify the actual "Treaty of Limerick," made previously with Patrick Sarsfield, which was supposed to give the Catholic Irish the same religious toleration as they had, had previously under Charles 11 but instead introduced another batch of Irish Anti - Catholic Penal Laws, "To banish the Catholic Bishops and clergy from Ireland, and confiscate another 270 Estates." This particular confiscation amounted to nearly 1,000,000 more Irish acres, with only one seventh 1/ 7th of Irish territory now still held by the Catholic Irish, and as time continued on with the introduction of further Irish Penal Laws, which was to ensure that even this 1 / 7th was to be reduced even further down to 2%. 

   Colonel Roger Mac Elligott / O Sullivan the previous Governor of Cork was released from the Tower of London after 4 years imprisonment and went off and joined the Irish Brigade in France with 3 of his Mac Gillicuddy / O Sullivan kinsmen.  

1698 AD The English Conservative Ascendancy Parliament, now well and truly under the control of the greedy merchants, went on the economic attack against the whole of the population of Ireland again, when they brought in another Commercial Act, "To forbid the export of Irish woollen goods to any Country whatsoever." This further economic imposition was to impact on any chances of getting any type of living for the whole population in Ireland, regardless, creating terrible hardships also on the non - Catholic planters and their families who now began to emigrate to America, while the Catholic Irish went to Spain and France, as they were not to be allowed into America until 1815 AD under English Law. In an act of economic desperation the Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliamentarian, William Molyneux put forward a pamphlet that stated that, "During the previous 500 years of oppression in Ireland the English Constitution had never ever mentioned a conquest of Ireland " and he petitioned the English Ascendancy Parliament for justice on these grounds for the population in Ireland who he saw as the rightful authorities in Ireland. (He was of course referring to those in the Ascendancy only.) He also stated that England had no right to make laws for Ireland, but naturally this particular justice would not be forthcoming, but despite this the proposition that he put forward  on this occasion for Ireland to make its own laws and rules, would later begin to bear fruit for the American Independence movement.  

      William of Orange the exclusive Dutch English King's soldiers, who had settled in Ireland after the Battle of the Boyne, by now had already begun to be effected by the Irish way of life and the Irish culture and many of the Church of England / Ireland adherents and non - Conformists among them began to hide Catholics from the ongoing penalties, and they also started to assist in any way they could to help their Irish neighbours as they too were by now being continually drawn even further together in common causes, due to the continuing overall oppression of the English Ascendancy Laws, whether religious or economic. They even saved many of the Catholic Irish children from being reared as Church of England / Ireland adherents, for even the Landed Gentry among them continued to speak Irish as they now all had common Irish interests. Also the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland clergy, meanwhile had refused to learn the Irish language, which only continued to distance them further from those they were supposed to be bringing into their individual particular folds throughout the Country. 

      After all of the woods had also all been cut down at French Park in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province, which was then the Anglo - Norman de Freyne Estates, an Act was passed that trees had to be planted on all new Land Lord Estates.

    The Cross previously erected in the Market Place in Ceanannus Mor / Kells in Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster in 921 AD - 930 AD, was now shifted by Robert Balfe, who controlled the town for the English Ascendancy Dublin Castle authority in the Devil's 1/2 Acre and this Cross was to be used in the future by the Ascendancy to hang any members suspected of belonging to the United Irishmen Society in 1798 AD.  

     David Broder / Browder / Broderick / Daibhi O Bruadair (1625 - 1698) who had lamented the increasing loss of the Gaelic Culture and the Gaelic Bardic schools, under the ongoing English oppression. died this year.

1699 AD The English Ascendancy Parliament  passed another anti - Irish, anti - Commercial Act, the Woollen Goods Act, prohibiting export of woollen goods from Ireland, that also included a proviso that all wool from Ireland had to be sent to England, where they were subject to very high duties and this was to be a last straw, as it closed the Irish market to all commodities.

      William Molyneux the previously desperate Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliamentarian, was by now really getting desperate, and he publicly proclaimed that only 1 in 1,000 of the Irish population were now real Irish men, which inferred that the English minority, represented by the Ascendancy in Ireland, were now the only true exhisting people of importance in Ireland, and for his blatant stupidity he only received comments of contempt from the English Ascendancy Parliament in Westminster.

      All of the Episcopalian Church of England / Ireland adherents, and the non - Conformists in Ireland, were now in the same boat suffering from the same dreadful mercantile oppression also, because of the continuing greedy merchants in control of the English Conservative Parliament, and although it was not the same as ethnic and religious oppression, it was a similar economic type of treatment to that incurred on the Catholic Irish and to make matters worse economically, any other Irish product that came forward and threatened the incomes of the English merchants was also treated the same way. By this continual oppression of all things in regard to Ireland the English Ascendancy Parliament were to be the main cause for bringing about ideas of Irish Nationalism also, even within the ranks of the Church of England / Ireland adherents and other religious Dissenters and their newly lost English Government Placemen, in the Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliament, were by now also being vilified by the pamphleteers, and were also subject to personal persecution by their own English dominated authorities in Ireland. They too now felt the need to move away from their greedy grasp and join in an Irish common cause with the ordinary Irish majority population.    

      It was during this year that James Logan emigrated from Lurgan in Co. Armagh in the south - east of the Ulster Province to become one of the founders of Pennsylvania in America.

1700 AD The population in Ireland was now up to 2,000,000 people, with over 60,000 back in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province where they were to be be represented in the Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliament by Sir Donogh O Brien, Sir Henry Ingoldsby, Francis Gore and Francis Burton.

     85% of the land of the whole of Ireland, by this period in time, now belonged to only 5% of the population, who were either Church of England / Ireland adherents or non - Conformists, while the other 15% was still being held in Irish hands.

    At this time the head of a Catholic priest, when cut off from his body, was worth 5 pounds, the same as they were paying for a Wolf.) 

     The English Ascendancy Westminster Parliament now passed an Irish Land Resumption Act to resume all Irish land that had previously been granted to his hangers on by William of Orange the Dutch English King, which was then to be given over to the Parliamentary Commissioners to be re - solda and the Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliament passed another Anti - Catholic Act, declaring religious pilgrimages carried out by the Catholic Irish from June 1st to August 15th for 3 days each year to St. Patrick's Purgatory on Station Island in Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province, were unlawful assemblies.

      With the Ascendancy now once again in complete control, the Catholic Irish Penal Laws were now put into effect, and even more Anti Catholic Penal Laws were then added to these, "To entice Irish Catholics to become adherents of the Church of England / Ireland," and thereby be able to claim their father's property, as this was now to be the only legal way left for any Irish Catholic man or woman, under English Law, to hold onto any land in Ireland. 

      The Curraghmore Mansion was built in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province, this year, and is still there situated on an Estate of 2,600 acres. -

    The Society of Friends / Quakers, began their oldest burial ground at Rosenallis in Co. Laois in the mid - north - west of Southern Leinster.  

   Clough Jordan in Co. Tipperary in the north - west of Munster was founded by one of the Jordans, who was a Williamite soldier, who settled there, who had originally received his surname because one of his ancestors was a Crusader, who fought on the banks of the River Jordan.

    Asgil, an English lawyer, in search of his fortune, arrived into Ireland this year, and married the daughter of Lord Kenmare, who was an Anglo - Irish Catholic, while she herself had been raised as an Episcopalian Church of England / Ireland adherent by her grandmother.

    The Cathach of 94.St. Columbcille, was at this time held by Daniel O Donnell, who commanded the O Donnell Regiment against Churchill / Lord Marlborough in the Battle of Malplaquet and he was to give it into the hands of the Abbot of Louvain in France for safe keeping, and later on another of the Abbots from there was to return it to the O Donnells, who were then to be at Newport in Co. Mayo in the Connacht Province who presented it to the Irish National Museum, after Ireland was to later gain its Independence from the British Imperial Empire.

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