1795 AD 

1795 AD Thomas Lewis O Beirne was appointed the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland Bishop of Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in Southern Leinster until 1787 AD.

January : William Wentworth, the second Earl Fitz William, who was an ally of the Earl of Portland was appointed the British Lord Lieutenant / Viceroy in Ireland and he began speedily to try and bring about some further democracy in Ireland, although he was given strict instructions by William Pitt - the Younger the British Conservative Tory Prime Minster. who told not to bring forward any further Irish Catholic reforms, and he was to also block any private members Bills that attempted to bring about any reforms at all in Ireland, unless they were likely to get through regardless. Being a man of reasonable compassion and justice, with some urgency he took the initiative in his own hands instead, and immediately dismissed members of the ruling Ascendancy, including John Beresford the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland Bishop in Armagh and two of the Under - Secretaries of State who had been also previously appointed and he also intended to replace the appointed Attorney - General and the Solicitor General with supporters of Henry Grattan the Irish Patriot leader of the Opposition who was for overall reform in Ireland. John Beresford the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland Bishop in Armagh, who was also the richest man in Ireland, then appealed to William Pitt - the Younger, and he was supported by his "Placeman" John "Black Jack" Fitz Gibbon and their other Ascendancy supporters, who used all of their influence for the re - instatement to their previous Ascendancy positions.

February: William Wentworth / Fitz William the British Lord Lieutenant in Ireland was quite willing to act positively on behalf of the majority Catholic Irish population and bring about reform, and to this end despite his previous instructions he constantly urged William Pitt - the Younger the British Prime Minister to bring in further reforms, but his advice continued to fall on death ears.

 February 18th: Henry Grattan the leader of the Irish Patriot Opposition now put forward a further Catholic Relief Bill and William Wentworth / Fitz William was told by William Pitt - the Younger to oppose it, but instead he stayed true to his own beliefs and supported the measure, and it had possibilities of being passed.

February 23rd: William Wentworth / Fitz William the British Lord Lieutenant in Ireland was immediately recalled from Ireland by William Pitt - the Youmger after only 7 weeks on the job, and the whole of Ireland was in shock as he was considered to be a man of great foresight and was by now known for carrying out good works and the Ascendancy well and truly under the control of the Tory "Placemen" John "Black Jack" Fitzgibbon had succeeded once again in retarding any chance of further reform in Ireland, and the British Conservative Tory Government for good measure then created him the English Earl of Clare for his continuing services to their agendas. Although his own father had converted to become an Anglo - Irish Catholic, "Black Jack" Fitz Gibbon had remained a zealous opponent and hard - line anti - Catholic, and was always against any type of Irish Catholic relief, for fear of loss of his personal property under English Common Law and he was to be such an embittered person, that he was to make each of the members of Trinity College swear to answer all of his questions, and his harrassing attitude was to cause the young Robert Emmet, who already believed in the "Rights of the Common Man," to disappear from the college and go underground also to try and bring about further democracy in Ireland for all of the population.  

March: John Jeffreys Pratt, the second Earl of Camden, was now put in to replace William Wentworth / Fitz William as the British Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, and he was more then willing to go along with William Pitt - the Younger the British Conservative Prime Minister and John "Black Jack" Fitzgibbon to resist all further Catholic Irish relief, and he was therefore not well received in Ireland and all of those who were from the Ascendancy, who were previously dismissed were reinstated, including John Beresford the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland Bishop in Armagh. This retrograde backward step also did not sit too well with Thomas Pelham. who was once again appointed as the British Chief Secretary to oversee Ireland and Catholic Irish hopes for any further Constitutional democratic reform were now once again lost, and this further democratic repression pushed them once again towards the cause and aspirations of the United Irishmen Society who where by now, due to the lack of any chance of gaining any further political democratic solutions, outright total revolutionaries.    

May: With any chance of any further reform now out of the picture in Ireland, the Catholic Irish Relief Bill, that had been previously proposed by Henry Grattan the leader of the Irish Patriot Opposition in Ireland in the previous February that had also been supported by William Wentworth / Fitz William, was rejected outright by the Ascendancy Anglo - Irish Parliament, following on from the directions of William Pitt - the Younger the Tory Conservative Prime Minister of Britain.

May: In the meantime the United Irishmen Society had been infiltrated secretly by British Imperial Government agents, and John "Black Jack" Fitzgibbon / Lord Clare the British Lord Chancellor in Ireland and their number one "Placeman" in Ireland encouraged them to go into exile, or else and by now Theobold Wolfe Tone really had total disgust and hatred for those in the Ascendancy authority in England, and their restrictions on democracy, and he too was ready to leave for America from Mac Airt's Fort on Cave Hill near Belfast in Co. Antrim in the north - east of the Ulster Province. This now meant that the United Irishmen Society members there were physically and mentally forced to hold their meetings underground and they decided to adopt a new Constitution and Henry Mac Cracken, Thomas Russell, Nielson, Simms, Simon Butler, and Thomas Addis Emmet who was another older brother of the young Robert Emmet, who had become their Secretary, had taken a new United Irishmen's Oath based on the principles of political and religious liberty where they vowed, "Never to rest until Ireland was free." William Jackson, a non - Catholic clergyman, was also among those arrested while he was carrying plans for an intended Irish Uprising to be carried out by the Republicans, and he stated that, "The young Presbyterians at this time were the most enlightened body in the Nation"  which further emphasised what an overall education can really bring about.

June: A lone Irish Catholic youth was bashed to death, during a gathering at a cock - fighting event at a tavern in Loughgall in Co. Armagh in the east of the Ulster Province, in a region where their were few Irish Catholic tenants left there, on those particular Land Lords' Estates and to the north of there was Grangemore Hill which was a non - Catholic tenant region, and to the south - west and south - east was Faughard / Tullymore Hill, which was an Irish Catholic tenant region, where there was an old fort. The single murder of this young Irish Catholic boy was to be a catalyst to the the beginnings of the "Battle of the Diamond" in Oneilland, which was in an area on a Land Lord Estate's controlled by the non - Catholics there, who were backed up by the Ascendancy officials there, which allowed them to do whatever they liked and dominate the territory there in the south, and have control over the ferries on the River Blackwater, and the territory on the River Bann to the west. 

July 1st: By now feelings were running high in the Ulster Province over the previous death of the Irish Catholic youth, which was added to also by the long running festering provocations over tenancy rights on the Land Lords Estates in that region, and the lack of "official" intervention, and another sectarian conflict was then to occur at the Loughgall Fair.

July 12th: The followers of the Ascendancy position, were now stirred up by another "siege mentality" sermon made at Drumcree by a non - Catholic rector there to commemorate William of Orange's victory over James 11 the Stuart Catholic King of England in the Battle of the Boyne over a hundred years before and as a result the Irish Catholics in the region came under more attacks, with another 2 murdered, and many more injured, and with the usual show of lack of interest on behalf of the "official" local magistrates again and the Militia, the "Defenders," who supported the Irish Catholic tenants were to be also out then to defend their position and to carry out their own retaliatory action.

September 4th: The non - Catholic "Peep - O - Day Boys" attacked the Irish Catholics at the Fair at Loughgall, and some of them were to die because of their severe injuries, and this only added more heat to the boiling pot, and their constant fear of further sectarian harassment in that region.

September 14th: "Defenders" from the north of Co. Armagh, Co. Monaghan and Co. Tyrone in the Ulster Province, and from nearby in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster, held a meeting were they decided to take the "Peep - O - Day Boys" head on, and try and bring it all to a climax, and possibly even an end, and thousands of the "Defenders" gathered together at Annaghmore.

September 17th: Thursday. The "Peep - O - Day Boys" decided to begin their attack on the "Defenders" who were now at Annaghmore, which was their best position near the River Blackwater, where they had previously set up to be able to defend against any further "Peep - O - Day Boys" coming in from Co. Tyrone and the "Defenders" by this time had created 2 camp sites, one on Tullymore Hill, and another on Faughard Hill but James Verner, an Ascendancy "official," who was known to his cohorts as the "Prince of Orange," sealed off the River Blackwater crossings, to stop any of the other "Defenders" still on the other side of the river in Co. Tyrone, from being able to reach the scene also.

September 18th - Friday: 500 of the "Defenders" took over the gravel pit there on the hill, and hoisted a white flag, while the non - Catholics congregated on the opposing hill, but in the meantime, Mac Cann a "Defender" was to be killed in the town land of Teague / Teaguy and James Verner, the Prince of Orange, took the North Mayo Militia and went to Annaghmore were he arrested 4 of the "Defenders," while the "Peep - O Day - Boys" came down from their hill and attacked the "Defenders" and the fighting between them then began to subside. The "Peep - O - Day Boys," now feeling more then ever well in control of the situation began once again to attack and wreck the Irish Catholic cabins, plundering and harassing all of those who they came into direct contact with, and they also set alight to all of the Irish Catholic turf stacks in the region and the leader of the "Defenders" "Switcher" Donnelly agreed to a truce with Joseph Atkinson a non - Catholic official, and Father Trainor a local Catholic priest from Loughgall, while Terence Mac Keown was also there with the Catholic priest from Co. Armagh.,

September 19th - Saturday: The "Peep - O - Day Boys" continued on with their wrecking tactics on the Irish Catholic cabins, and the physical harassment of the Irish Catholic residents throughout the area, and for good measure also destroyed Robert Quigley's house and plundered all of his goods.

September 20th - Sunday: Mallon was to be the leader of the "Defender" reinforcements who had by now finally managed to make it into Co. Armagh from out of Co. Tyrone, and 17 of his men were to be killed in the ensuing conflicts.

September 21st - Monday: Captain Mac Garry from Armagh in Co. Armagh was killed along with 48 "Defenders," while trying to regain Robert Quigley's goods, with not one of the "Peep - O - Day Boys" killed and Joseph Atkinson then arrived from Charlemont Fort, and further Militia arrived from elsewhere, and this final surge of "official" interest ended the conflic with. 68 Defenders arrested, and only 2 Peep - O - Day Boys, and many of those arrested were given 3 options, they could either be pressed into the British Imperial Navy, be imprisoned, or go into exile from out of Ireland. That evening in an Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland church there, the "Orange Society / Order" was formed from a re - organized group of the "Peep - O - Day Boys" and James Sloan became their 1st Secretary at Loughgall, with James Wilson near Caledon in Co. Tyrone setting up their Lodge No.1 and William Blacker became their Grand Master, as further individual Lodges were to be set up all over Ireland. Their main aim was to retain the Ascendancy position and to stop the Catholic Irish from tendering for the tenant farms on the Land Lord's Estates, and to this end over the following 2 months 180 Irish Catholic families were driven off of the Estates in that region and forced to flee from the southern districts of the Ulster Province because of the ongoing sectarian intimidation that followed. A Committee of Elders / Orangemen now sat in judgement on the male Irish Catholic population there, who were now sent to a British Military Regiment if they could not come up with some means of bribery to stop their being sent into exile from Ireland altogether and all of this ethnic sectarian violence was a further setback to the ambitions of Theobold Wolfe Tone and Henry Joy Mac Cracken who had been hoping that the United Irishmen Society would unite all of the population of Ireland, especially the people of Ulster, and then eventually all of Ireland regardless of their ethnicity or religious beliefs. The "Peep - O - Day Boys" were to carry out further attacks over night, especially during dawn, using knee capping on the Irish Catholic tenants in the area, and the surrounding Counties over the next few months, and continually wrote on the farm walls the slogan of Oliver Cromwell, "To Hell or Connacht." By using these intimidating methods, all of the Irish Catholic tenants in Portadown alone were to be removed by the "Peep - O Day - Boys" during an all out effort, along with the support of the Orange Society / Order to completely take over the tenant farming land of the Land Lords in that region, and drive the Irish Catholic families from the Ulster region for good.

December 28th: All of the harassment was so blatantly deliberate, that they were to be even accused publicly by Lord Gosford, the British appointed Governor in Co. Armagh, of actually persecuting the Irish Catholics there and anyone who was in any way even associated with the Irish Catholics  there fled west to the Connacht Province for protection, as the local Land Lords in the previously confiscated regions in the Ulster Province now also openly supported the "Orangemen" in their efforts to totally remove the Irish Catholic tenant farmers, on the Ulster border, and replace them with non - Catholic tenants. (Lord Donegal was to be one of those who deliberately cleared the Irish Catholics from off of his Estates in Ulster.) The "Peep - O - Day Boys" now well in control of the region operated arrogantly and openly, with the support of the Ascendancy in the British Conservative Government's Dublin Castle authority, while the "Orange Order" ranks were bolstered further by the "Landed Gentry" and the British Government officials. They also wanted all of the Irish Catholics banned from the Linen Industry altogether, and this further forced the "Defenders" to naturally become more anti - State and anti - British, and the Irish Catholic tenants now swelled the ranks of the "Defenders," as they were now their only source of protection in Ireland and those among the "Defenders" were to be the first of the Irish to be transported to N.S.W. in Australia by the British Conservative Ascendancy Tory Government in England as "political prisoners."

    With no chance of Catholic Emancipation / Representation in sight it was once again pushed aside in the Ascendancy Anglo - Irish Parliament, with the only place for any recourse now in Ireland to be carried out in the rural areas by the Irish people themselves and the leaders of the United Irishmen Society saw that all of this further persecution was their best opportunity now to win over the vast majority of those tenant farmers affected, and now pushed the line throughout the rural areas that the only way to receive any rights or reform in Ireland was to overthrow the present Ascendancy Governments and the United Irishmen Societies' ranks were now growing fast, as many more of the previous "Defenders" now also joined in with them.

     The Irish Catholics were now able to, if they could afford it, attend the University in Dublin, but the Ascendancy and the British Imperial Government's Dublin Castle authority had a great fear of educating the non - Catholics and the Irish Catholics together, while at the same time they had to consider the fact that the Irish Catholic youths previously were sent abroad to France and Spain, which was their only means of achieving any reasonable education and those Irish Catholics that received their Holy Orders abroad as priests might now be also subject to the revolutionary propaganda of "Liberty, Equality and Fraternity" there. If they did, they considered they would return to Ireland and spread that particular attitude among the common people, who then might believe that they had a right to choose their own destinies and to try and avoid any chance of the population in Ireland becoming united, and still ensure that the Irish Catholics did not become indoctrinated with unsettling thoughts of "Liberty, Fraternity and the Pursuit of Happiness," they had now been forced to allow the education of the Irish Catholic clergy at St. Patrick's College, a Catholic Institution. It was opened on the site of the previous older College at Maynooth, which was originally established there in the 16th Century AD by Gerald Fitz Gerald the ninth Earl of Kildare, and was close by the Maynooth Castle, but also under the British Ascendancy Government and Ascendancy Anglo - Irish  guidelines it was nevertheless to be subject to periodic British Tory Government inspections. It was to be run mostly by the Gaullist Jesuit Professors who had been the ones who had previously taught in France where they had been subject to the agitation of the revolutionaries and were now naturally anti - Republican and pro - Monarchists as they had been driven from France by the "revolution" and their attitudes in regard to this fact were to flow on through to the Irish Catholic student priests for many generations to come.

      Edmund Burke, the Anglo - Irish Statesman, had the Ascendancy Anglo - Irish Parliament partially endow the Seminary as a concession for not granting the Irish Catholics any rights to vote or being represented in the Ascendancy Anglo - Irish Parliament, as they were now so very sure that the young Irish Catholic priests taught there would come under the influence of the pro - monarchist refugee teachers from the French revolution as the Professors there were also influenced by Jansenism, which was denounced by the Jesuits as a Calvanistic approach, "That man is a helplessly doomed being, who must endure punishing soul searching and rigorous penance to prove his love of God, as faith an Church going are not enough to win salvation." They were a very Conservative group in their outlook, and attacked the Jesuits for granting lenient absolution for sins and not giving sufficient penance for the sins that were confessed.

     The upper class Catholic Irish who on the whole had always supported those in authority in England, as they felt they had the most to lose, were not so impressed by it at all, and still wanted the right to be represented in their own Irish Parliament, but by now with no chance of gaining any further rights by democratic means, they too began to see that the revolutinary stand by the United Irishmen Society to bring about self - determination for Ireland was the only alternative that was now open to them also.  

   The Catholic Committee had since backed off due to the introduction of the previous reforms that they had already gained, while the non - Catholic and Irish Catholic tenant farmers were now in open conflict, and the United Irishmen Society was also by now not in such a good position to create Irish Unity for the cause of overall freedom in Ireland so Theobold Wolfe Tone now turned his eyes towards France for assistance to those in Ireland who wanted to bring justice for all by the only means now open to them by revolutionary means.

    St. Patrick's College at Maynooth, for the education of the Irish priests, also received a contribution from John Butler who was now the English Baron of Dunboyne, who had previously been the Catholic Bishop of Cork for 23 years, and who had become a Church of England / Ireland adherent to allow him to marry the young daughter of his non - Catholic cousin, Theobold Butler from Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province, so as to continue on their family Butler male line. 

      Teague O Sullivan from the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Sept who was the poet "Gaedhealach," died, and was interred at Bally Laneen.  

     Robert Clements became the English first Earl of Leitrim who had his Estate on the previous confiscated territory of the O Raghnalls / O Reynolds from the Gaelic Milesian Irian Conmaicne Magh Rein Muinter Eoluis / Eolais Sept on Lough Rynn at Mohill in Co. Leitrim in the north - west of the Connacht Province that was originally taken off of them by the English Galls in 1621 AD and given over to the English Croftons who had then been replaced by the Clements in 1750 AD.

     Walter Butler became the eighthteenth Earl of Ormonde in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster until 1820 AD, who was the son of John Butler the seventeenth Earl of Ormonde.

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