1821 - 1827 AD

1821 AD The population of Ireland had risen to 6,800,000.

    The Potato crop in the Munster Province was to fail again this year, with ensuing wholesale starvation, with famine already occurring in Co. Cork, Co. Kerry and Co. Clare in Southern Munster, which created rural Uprisings in their desperation to survive, so road works were introduced to implement income, which then allowed greater access to fertilisers to improve the crops.

    William Plunkett, the non - Catholic M.P. in the Westminster Parliament, who had now taken up Henry Grattan's Catholic Rights cause, introduced 2 Bills into the Ascendancy Parliament in England, which included a Bill for Catholic Emancipation, and another Bill that included the right of a "veto" over the appointment of Catholic Bishops and although both were passed in the Westminster House of Commons, they were then vetoed once again by the Ascendancy Conservative House of Lords led by the Duke of York. (The unelected House of Lords in England always had the power of "veto" over any legislation at all in England up until 1914 AD when they were finally to go too far against the interests of the elected House of Commons and the British Imperial Government of the time.) 

   The remainder of the Heberian Dal gCais territory of the Mac Coghlans in Co. Offaly in Southern Leinster was given over to Denis Bowes Daly.

1822 AD Famine again in Ireland this year, with 4 other smaller famines to follow on during the following 15 years up until 1837 AD. 

      James Warren Doyle (1786 AD - 1834 AD) the Irish Catholic Bishop of Kildare & Leighlin in Southern Leinster, came out against the activities of the "Ribbonmen" in Ireland as illegal and deluded.

     The Trappist monks founded the Abbey at Mount Melleray on the Knock Mealdown Mountains in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province, after being expelled from France, while a Jesuit College was also established at Mungret in Co. Limerick in the mid - north - west of Munster, on the original friary site established there by St. Patrick.

1823 AD A Tithe Composition Act was introduced by the British Conservative Tory Government still under the leadership of Earl of Liverpool.

May: Daniel O Connell "The Liberator", who was now a legal Irish Catholic barrister, began his push in earnest, to try and gain Catholic Emancipation (The Right to vote and be represented in the Parliament), and to this end he founded the Catholic Association again this time as a charity to get around the British Ascendany's anti - Combination Laws and it would now to be allowed to continue to operate until 1867 AD, when Irish Catholics would finally become "legal citizens" in their own Country under British Common Law brought in then by William Gladstone the Scottish Liberal Prime Minister of Britain who was also to be a Statesman.

    The Duke of Mornington, Lord Wellington's older brother, who was in the Dublin Castle authority, was unlike his brother, sympathetic to the problems occurring to the population in Ireland and as he did not agree with his brother's outlook, when Lord Wellington became the British Ascendancy Tory Prime Minister he was to resign his position.

     At this time, 2,500 Catholic Irish from Mallow and Fermoy in the north of Co. Cork in Southern Munster were to migrate to North America up until 1825 AD.

     Ireland's population was now under even greater pressure, due to the massive increase in the overall population, the drain of monies that were being sent off to England to the "Absentee" - Land Lords and the effect of all of this economically due to the lack of opportunities to obtain any employment, which now forced many to go over to England to try and survive, seeking some relief or opportunities there, which upset the English population there, although all persons in the British Isles, were now supposed to be part of one kingdom under the Immoral Union. There was no Poor Law in Ireland, as there was in England, but relief road construction works had begun in Ireland, which were to continue until 1828 AD, and the amount of money to be spent on this particular activity was 2,500,000 pounds, but to have to implement it in the first place, was a sign of impending trouble ahead, as there was no other viable options to earn any private income at all in Ireland.

     Thomas Francis Meagher / Maher, from the Heberian Cianachta Sept, whose Family originally had their territory of Ely in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province and nearby in Co. Offaly in the mid - west of Southern Leinster, who was descended from another son of 84.Ailill Oluimm the 1st KIng of Munster, in 85.Cian, was one of the co - founders at this time of the Irish Confederation.

1824 AD Daniel O Connell "The Liberator," now updated the rules of his recent Catholic Association to allow all members the right to pay only a penny a month, to be known as Irish Catholic Rent, towards the aims of the Association, if they so wished, instead of a guinea 21/- shillings as previously, and this now enabled all of the people in Ireland to become part of the Association, which gave them all a sense of belonging and playing their part in trying to bring about Catholic Emancipation and as it was assisted by the Catholic clergy throughout Ireland, it grew from 8 pound a week to 1,000 pounds a week, which alarmed the Ascendancy British Tory Government's Dublin Castle authorities. They then tried to prosecute Daniel O Connell for, "Incitement to Rebellion," which eventually failed, but this commitment by the Irish population was a barometer of support for the leaders of the Catholic Association, and within 9 months 40,000 pounds was to be raised.  

    Conditions were now so bad for the general population in Ireland, that James Warren Doyle, the highly respected Catholic Bishop of Kildare & Leighlin in Southern Leinster, who had previously publically attacked the activities of the "Ribbonmen" in Ireland, now informed the Ascendancy British Conservative Tory Government that conditions were so bad that "If a rebellion was raging in Ireland, no excommunications would be carried out by the Catholic priests" so Lord Goulbourn was forced to comment that the tide had turned, as "When elections were now held in Ireland, people are placed in opposition to their Land Lords, and only those members returned, pleasing the Association," which was a total reversal of what had gone on before the introduction of the Catholic Association under Daniel O Connell "The Liberator.

   A British Imperial Government Act was passed this year, "To establish free trade between England and Ireland."

1825 AD From this year on, until 1830 AD there was to be further widespread Famine once again in Ireland, while Pastorini prophesied delivery from the English bondage.

    Sir Francis Burdett, together with William Plunkett, introduced a new Catholic Relief Bill, where the right to vote held by the 40 / - shilling / 2 pounds Freeholders was replaced by a 10 pound right to vote, which would have reduced the number of people in Ireland eligible to vote, with the Tory Government paying the Catholic clergy, which would also give them another controlling influence over them and although it too was passed by the British Westminster House of Commons it was once again rejected by the Ascendancy British Conservative House of Lords who all always had the power of "veto" over any English Legislation althoughn they were unelected.

   The Pope now came out personally against the secret societies in Ireland.

   The British Tory Government's Dublin Castle authorities in Ireland, were still under total Ascendancy control and although there were now 300,000 people in Dublin, of which 3/4 of them were Catholic, still Catholic Emancipation was once again rejected by the unelected Ascendancy British Conservative House of Lord and at a further regressive attempt at continuing on with total Ascendancy control, Daniel O Connell's Catholic Association was now also "dissolved" by the British Conservative Tory Government under the Earl of Liverpool who introduced the Unlawful Societies Act, but undaunted he just re - established the Catholic Association under another name.

    The Catholic Pro - Cathedral that had been constructed out of the way in Marlborough St in Dublin, so as not to offend the Ascendancy, was opened, while the Calad Carmelites were to also construct another Catholic Church in Whitefriars Street in Dublin for the same reasons.

    The Irish Catholic Gentry now began to evolve liberal Catholic politics, using Whig Constitutional traditions to try and claim access to what was supposed to be their rightful democratic institution and the highly respected James Warren Doyle the Catholic Bishop of Kildare & Leighlin in Southern Leinster, was to continue to give evidence to the Ascendancy British Parliament until 1832 AD in anticipation of bringing about Catholic Emancipation and a meeting was also held in New York to express American sympathy with Ireland, and President Andrew Jackson whose family had previously migrated from Ireland provided the first 1,000 dollars towards the Irish Emancipation Fund. 

1825 AD - 1845 AD During the next 20 years, Irish emigration to North America was to be over 800,000.                               

1826 AD This year was to see the turning point for Catholic Emancipation in the British Isles as General Elections for the British Westminster Parliament were held and the Catholic Association under Daniel O Connell called on all voters to support Catholic Emancipation and due to the number of 40 /- shilling Freeholders still able to vote, Alexander Dawson, who was a non - Catholic supported by the Catholic Irish clergy there, was elected in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster, while another supporter was also elected in Co. Monaghan in Southern Ulster, and another in Co. Westmeath in the north - west of Northern Leinster. Thomas Wyse in consultation with Daniel O Connell had also arranged for Villiers Stuart, a Liberal non - Catholic from Villierstown, to contest Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province against Lord George Beresford, a Land Lord, whose family had controlled the seat for many generations, and Beresford withdrew eventually from the poll and lost his seat to Villiers Stuart. With the Catholic Irish vote behind him, Villiers Stuart a Liberal, had gained the seat for the first time, and Lord George Beresford's tenants on his Estates in Ireland were then subject to continual harassment by him because of this positive result, but they were now to be assisted by the Catholic Association. Although Kilmacthomas town there belonged personally to the Beresfords, the people there now belonged to Daniel O  Connell.

    Daniel O Connell now began the "Order of Liberators," and John "Black Jack" Fitz Gibbon the hard - line anti - Catholic Ascendancy English Earl of Clare then held an inquiry to try and stop any further Irish Catholic progress towards the Catholic right to vote and be represented in the Parliament.

    Charles Kickham, the Anglo - Irish poet, novelist and patriot, was born this year in Mullinahone in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province, where there is now a monument to his memory, and where he was interred there beside the Catholic Church.   

   The Portumna Castle in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht, constructed originally by the Burkes / de Burghos was burnt down this year, accidently.

    William Kinsella, from the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Sept, became the Catholic Bishop of Ossory in the south - west of the Southern Leinster until 1845 AD.

1826 AD - 1830 AD There was to be still great rural upheaval in Ireland over the next 4 years, due to the hardship being felt throughout the rural areas, which then led on to increased activities by the "Whiteboys," the "Carders," the "Threshers," the "Rockites" and the "Ribbonmen," who were all set up initially to protect the tenants' rights, against the continuing harsh treatment dished out by the Land Lords, and the enforced "Tithes" to the Ascendancy Church of England, and the many ongoing evictions that were being carried out against the families of the tenant farmers in Ireland. The recently Liberal elected politicians from Ireland were now able to raise the matter in the British Ascendancy Westminster Parliament, where they noted that over 84 people had been killed and 112  wounded in Ireland during this period by the Ascendancy British Tory Government's Dublin Castle R.I.C Police.                                               

1827 AD The British Conservative Tory Ascendancy Government of Lord Liverpool that had lasted for 15 years finally came to an end, and George Canning was in as the new British Whig / Tory Coalition Prime Minister, and he appointed William Lamb the second Viscount Melbourne to be the British Chief Secretary in Ireland until 1828 AD, and all emigration restrictions previously placed on the population in Ireland by the previous Ascendancy British Conservative Tory Government were repealed, Up until 1837 AD over 400,000 were to migrate from out of Ireland to North America.

August: George Canning the newly elected British Prime Minister, died in office, and he was replaced by Viscount Goderich who became the new British Tory Prime Minister of Britain until 1828 AD.

      Another new Catholic Cathedral was built this year at Emly in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province.

1827 AD - 1843 AD During this period, Pearse Nagle / de Nogla, who was a Land Lord in Ireland, who had Estates near Mallow in Co. Cork in Southern Munster, evicted 280 of his tenants.

                      Home Page                                                                  Return to Celtic Heritage                                                           On to 1828 - 1830 AD