1882 - 1883 AD
1882 AD The remaining Land Lords who still had their Estates in Ireland now began to carry out the "highest ever" evictions of their tenant farmers and their families in Ireland and because of this the "Ancient Order of Hibernians" at this time became an aggressive Irish Catholic organization to counteract the excesses of the "Orange Order," and they were now to especially play a very important role in the life of the general population in Ireland in the Ulster Province.
Edward Saunderson
the
non - Catholic
Ulster M.P. who was a hard - line
anti - Catholic who had previously
left
William Gladstone's Liberal
Party to join in with the
British Conservatives now joined the
"Orange Order" also to resist
Irish Home Rule,
by force of arms if necessary.
March /
April:
There was now the need for a compromise to be
arrived at with the
British
Liberal Government over the plight of the tenant famers
in Ireland, so
to this end
William Gladstone
and
Charles Stewart
- Parnell were to arrive at what is known as the "Kilmainham Treaty"
where it was mutually agreed that
Charles Stewart - Parnell
would not only be released from Kilmainham Jail, the terrible
Irish Coercion Act
would be relaxed, and the
2nd
Irish Land Act
would also to be amended to give
protection to the
Irish tenant
farmers who were in
"arrears," in exchange for peace in
Ireland and acceptance of the
amended 2nd
Irish Land Act. The
Roman Catholic Church was to come out to support the
Irish, but not the Primate, Archbishop Paul Cullen who had always been
against such "Secret Societies" even though they were the only means of
receiving any further reforms.
May 2nd:
Charles Stewart -
Parnell
was released from the
Kilmainham Jail in
Dublin, together with
600 of
the land protestors in Ireland,
subject to abandoning the rent "Boycotts," and an end to the rural violence
in exchange for further land reform in Ireland.
Unfortunately during
Charles Stewart - Parnell's
imprisonment his first child with
Kitty O Shea had died, which was of great
personal distress to him.
William Forster
the British
Chief Secretary in
Ireland
since 1880 AD
who was also personally against
Irish Home Rule
was making his resignation speech in the
British House of Commons due to
Charles Stewart - Parnell being released, just as
Charles Stewart - Parnell was entering the chamber to the cheers
of all his followers, but despite his recent success many of
Charles Stewart - Parnell's followers
also now
considered that the Kilmainham Treaty was
in reality a sell out to
the British Liberal Government, while
to the Irish
-
American
Fenians / The Organization it meant a sell out of the
Irish Land League,
and their objectives and this was to mean that his position as their overall leader was not now as
good as it was prviously.
May 6th:
William Gladstone
the British
Liberal
Prime Minister appointed his nephew,
Lord
Frederick Cavendish
to replace
William Forster as the
British Chief Secretary in
Ireland, and because the
Irish
Republicans / I.R.B., for a very long time since
James Stephens,
had, had no strong leader
they had formed into smaller groups who were
doing their own thing, although they all had the same
objective to free
Ireland from
British Imperial Government
rule and as
T.H. Bourke
the
British Government's Under - Secretary was not a very
popular person due to his activities against the interests of
Ireland, a
small independent group of radicals known as the "Invincible Party," decided to remove him from the scene in protest against the
recent
Irish
Coercion Act.
This British Act had
allowed the arrest of any
Irish man at all just on mere suspicion removing all
their normal rights as citizens, and it had therefore created many individual enemies,
along with the ensuing hardships
and conflicts within the
Irish population
that were all part of its makeup and the
Invincibles had been formed by
P. J. Tynan
who was an officer known to them as
No.1
who had connections in the highest
British
circles and was therefore never ever suspected of being an
Irish
Nationalist. The Invincibles had decided to assassinate T.H. Bourke while he was in
Phoenix Park in
Dublin,
where unfortunately also
Lord Frederick Cavendish
the new British Chief Secretary
got in the way, when he tried to defend him and was also killed and the
Invincibles, who had no connection whatsoever with the
I.R.B
/ Irish Republican Brotherhood,
was to have 20
of their members arrested who were subsequently found guilty, and
5
of them were executed by the
British Imperial Government by hanging,
after they were informed on by a person known as
James Carey.
Charles Stewart -
Parnell was really upset by these political murders, and he informed
Michael Davitt that it was now hopeless to
continue on after such a disaster, and also offered up his
resignation to
William Gladstone and
Joseph Chamberlain who refused to
accept it as they had come to realise that
he would
be the
answer to all of the
problems occurring in Ireland
for them, and his public denunciation of the murders had gone over well in
Great Britain and this once again lifted his
personal prestige, and therefore overshadowed
any of the previous opposition among his followers because of his acceptance of the
Kilmainham Treaty.
After this incident there was to
be 3
years
of fairly quite peace in
Ireland, although another new
Irish Coercion Act
was again introduced by the
British Imperial Government to which
Charles Stewart - Parnell was once again greatly opposed,
and his opposition to this particular Irish Coercion
Bill
once again
further strengthened his position as leader, and he
also co - operated in the
introduction of the amended 2nd
Irish Land Act
and with the rents
now reduced the rural violence in Ireland subsided further, which
also did him no harm personally, but he now also resisted all the demands to
set up the
Irish Land League again.
October:
Charles Stewart -
Parnell
co - founded the "Irish National
League," which was linked to the
Irish Parliamentary Party of which he was leader,
and his popularity became stronger then ever, but he was now personally out of touch
with
William Gladstone the British Liberal
Prime Minister,
as he was only to have indirect correspondence with him through
the auspices of
Kitty
O Shea and
William O Brien
the
previously mentioned Labour stalwart from Co. Cork
in Southern Munster, who was a great
protagonist
for
Irish worker's rights throughout
his whole life, had also co - founded and became the
Secretary of the
Irish
National League.
December: While the Irish Parliamentary Party now still lacked the discipline necessary to pull it all together again as it was before, the newly founded "Irish National League" gave Charles Stewart - Parnell and the party leaders control over the choice of their candidates.
John Devoy,
from the Clann
na Gael / The Organization in America,
who was to continue
to be further involved in the fight for
Irish
Freedom now founded the
newspaper there in America known as the
"Irish
Nation."
Eammon de Valera, whose father was of Spanish origins and his mother Irish, was born this year in Manhattan, New York in America and was to be brought back to Ireland as a child after his father died there, and although later on he was only a mathematics teacher he was to play a major role in Irish politics beginning with the 1916 Easter Uprising where he would then act as a commandant with the Irish Independence forces and eventually retire as the President of Ireland in 1957 AD.
Also
during
this year the population of
Ireland
erected another massive monument to
Daniel O Connell
"The Liberator," in what
later was to become O Connell
Street in
Dublin, in commemoration of his success against
the ongoing religious and ethnic oppression of the consecutive British
Imperial Ascendancy Governments to eventually gain
the right for
Irish Catholic Emancipation in
Ireland
and the British Isles.
1883 AD Alexander Sullivan, the leader of the Clann na Gael / The Ortganization in America, had wanted to go it alone without being tied to the I.R.B. / Irish Republican Brotherhood in Ireland, as they still had no strong leader there and he became the first President of the "International League of America" and he was to begin to finance a dynamiting campaign in England during the following year to gain publicity there to remove the British Imperial Government's hold over Ireland in the long term interest of gaining future Irish Independence. Thomas / Tom Clarke who would also be known as the Old Republican was sent from America to England by the Clann na Gael / The Organization to carry out the actual bombings, but he was arrested and received a 15 year jail sentence, but would eventually return to Ireland to become the catalyst for Republicanism in the Dublin area, until he too would also be executed by the British Imperial Government after the forthcoming 1916 Easter Rising.
The British Liberal Government introduced another new Irish Coercion Bill known as the Corrupt Practices Act, which was even much harder on the Irish population then their last Irish Coercion Act.
James Carey who had
informed on the Invincibles over the
Phoenix Park Affair in which two high
British Liberal Government officials were
killed, and for which
5 Irish
men
were executed, was tracked down and assassinated at sea by
Patrick O Donnell, while they were aboard the ship
Melrose Castle off the coast of
Capetown -
Natal who
was then subsequently arrested and taken back to England were he
was hung by the
British Imperial Government in
London.
William O Brien the strong Labour supporter from Co. Cork in Southern Munster continued to be a tireless worker for Irish justice also, especially on behalf of the working classes, and this year he was to be elected as the M.P in the Westminster Parliament for Mallow in the north - east of Co. Cork and Cork City until 1918 AD.
The first
Electric Tramway in the
British Isles was opened from
Port Rush to
Bushmills in
Co.
Antrim in the north - east of the Ulster
Province, and was
to last until it was to be closed down in
1947 AD.