RAINBOW FARMS    AUSTRALIA                                            

                                                                                                                                                        3rd Century B.C.   

300 BC Due to the Celtic Sept's culture of individual independence, any chance that they had of becoming a cohesive Tuatha / Family Region was to be in decline, as further individual Peoples also began to seek out new territories. The Helvetii were in Switzerland, the Boii were in Italy, the Averni in France, the Scordisci were in Serbia, and the Belgae who were in Northern Gaul would eventually be in Southern Briton.

295 BC A group of Celtic Septs this year formed an alliance with the Etruscans against the regional expansion of the Romans, but were to be defeated at Sentinum.

283 BC This year, the Celtic Septs in Gaul and the Etruscans were also to combine their forces and confront the Romans who now ruled Northern Italy, but were once again to be defeated by the Romans at Lake Vadimo / Vadimonian.

280 BC The Gauls invaded Greece.

279 BC The Celts who were now known as the Galatae, especially to the Greeks, were also known as the Galli and Celtae to the Romans. Those living north of the Danube River had previously besieged Thrace and Macedonia, but under Brennus they were to kill the King of Macedonia who had been the heir apparent due to the previous exploits of Alexander and Philip and with the Macedonian Empire gone and the Greeks divided, Brennus and his Celtic followers were to head south along the coast and at first they gained Thermopylae. The Celts also were able to take over Delphi this year, while Gaul remained entirely under their control, and as the Romans were to make further advances through Gaul the Celts grew even stronger in Briton gaining increased knowledge from the Druids who were already there. 

278 BC Gaulish mercenaries were by now also in the service of the Greeks in Egypt.

274 BC Celtic mercenaries were now widely in use elsewhere.

273 BC The Galatae under Bolgios and Brennus finally arrived into Macedonia in mid - Winter with their families and possessions, seeking to settle, and they clashed with their previous allies the Greeks, and those under Brennus attacked Delphi and were defeated and Brennus being wounded was to take his own life. The Celts in the Balkans were to remain for some time longer, and 2 of the Celtic Septs split off from those who had invaded Macedonia, and went south - east to the Dardanelles and from there onto Asia Minor to settle. They were to be discovered there later on by the third Sept, the Celtic Tectosages, who had also left Greece after the defeat at Delphi and eventually settled into North Phrygia / Galati where their stronghold was to be at Drunemeton, while the Celtic Tectosages were to eventually settle into Ankara in Turkey. These particular Celtic Galatians were to be cut off for many Centuries from those in Europe, and later on St. Jerome in the 4th Century AD was to say that beside speaking Greek, they also spoke a similar language to the Celtic Treveri Septs who were in Gaul in the district of Trier on the Moselle River. As the Celts generally began to disseminate as an aristocratic warrior people many also became mercenaries, and Ireland, Gaul (France and part of Spain), the Scottish Highlands / Alba and Briton / Albion became their last bastions. Both Gaul and Briton would eventually come under Roman domination, while the Scottish Highlands would only be effected around the edges. Ireland would remain free of any Roman interference altogether, leaving a lasting Celtic People and Celtic Culture, until the coming of the marauding Teutonic Scandinavian Vikings in the 8th Century AD at first, and then the Teutonic Scandinavian Anglo - Norman English in the 12th Century AD with their following oppression and repression for 850 years, whose only main purpose during that time was always to gain as much land as possible by,  "Doing away with all things Irish."   

      Septs from the Celtic La Tene culture were also in Albion / Briton on the south - coast, and although in small numbers, they were still Celtic Families / Septs. Known now as Iron Age B the Marnians were from the River Marne along with craftsmen in metal and Chiefs from the Middle Rhine, and they formed over - lordships in the areas that they now occupied and in the north they settled in the Yorkshire Wolds, and as far as south - western Scotland, and promoted a La Tene type of art, and a predominant position that may have consolidated the Celtic character of the Albion population south to the Cheviots. Settlers who were in the south - west from the Bristol Channel region, as a result of Cornish trade, were also of a La Tene culture, settling in there from 300 BC - 200 BC. (Later on during the purging by Julius Caesar another stream of refugees came into the area there). There was also a final phase before the Roman Conquests began, with Belgic settlements in the south - east who came from the territory between the River Rhine, the River Seine and the River Marne, while others along the seacoast were from provincial Urnfield - Hallstatt origins from across the River Rhine, while others were from the La Tene population of Champagne, which made up most of the migration to Albion / Briton who were also Celts who had previously also resisted the Romans, who were in their own individual kingdoms, and later still when they were also dispossessed, in the west and the north. Some aristocratic warrior Belgae genealogy was to survive in Wales / Cymru during the Roman occupation, and this would be revived by the Britons in Medieval Times and although the first coins to be issued by the Celts were to end later in Gaul under Julius Caesar, and in Briton under Claudius, there were no such native coins in either Ireland, Alba / Scottish Highlands, and some parts of Briton. In Ireland the legal tender was to be in the form of cattle, with 6 heifers or 3 milch cows being equivalent of a cumal, for one female slave, or were being used to purchase chariots etc.

     Long Celtic shields were now in use, while at Telamon the Celtic Gaesatae (spearmen) who had been brought from beyond the Alps to assist the other Septs in Northern Italy, who also only fought naked while carrying their weapons, which seemed to be archaic, was actually a ritual utilised by the Celts for their magical protection and their spears had a broad blade known as a laigen, their heavy spear was a gae, their lighter spear a sleg, with 3 riders known as trimarcisia who were composed of a Celtic aristocratic warrior and his 2 attendants who would supply him with fresh horses and also act in his defence.

266 BC The Romans were to gain overall control over Italy where the Umbrians / Umbri  were an ancient people in Italy, that included the Ausones, the Siculi, and the Sabini, who were to later migrate to Gaul. 

241 BC The Romans were to win the first Punic War and also gain Sicily, which became their first Province, while Carthage and Rome were now in conflict along the Mediterranean coast over ports in Spain.

237 BC Carthage began their conquest of Spain, and by the 2nd Punic War they would control most of Spain and were supported by Celtiberian warriors, except in the north - west, where some of the Celtiberians were against the Carthaginians becoming the overlords of their territories in Spain and they would eventually come to welcome the Roman intervention in Spain and would then combine with the Romans against the Punic invaders, but also in the future come to regret this alliance.  

230 BC Before this time Attalos / Attalus 1st of Pergamon / Pergamum was to defeat the Galatae / Galatians of Asia Minor.

225 BC The Celtic Insubres and the Celtic Boii Septs who had settled in Northern Italy wore bracae / breeches and light cloaks with breeches, which was normal wear for the Scythians, the Cimmerians and the Thracians both of whom were the precursors to the Scythians on the fringes of Europe, while both sexes of the Irish aristocratic warrior Celts wore 2 garments, the tunic / leine or a sheet made of linen worn to the knee by men and to the ankles by women and it was gathered around the waist by a girdle / criss and a woollen cloak was worn over this, which had no hood or sleeves and was held in position by a brooch. The most characteristic ornament was a neck - ring / torc of gold or bronze and some were made of silver, which were from the La Tene 500 BC period and the Romans were to note that the Celtic women were like the men in stature and just as equal in courage, as due to their aristocratic warrior classes they were always in the forefront of battle, instead of their subject peoples. This was to have a great influence eventually on the genealogical composition of the Celts in more modern times up to the 12th Century AD numerically as to the future genetic traits in the remaining Irish population when the Anglo - Norman English Invasion then was to also bring ethnic and religious oppression on the Celtic aristocratric warrior class that would continue on for at least 850 years, 

225 / 222 BC the Romans completely defeated the Celtic Cis - Alpine Gauls and the Celtic Gaesatae at Telamon, who were composed of a vast Gaulish army, including many Celtic warriors who had been brought in from beyond the Alps who were now also caught between the expanding Roman forces, while the Gaesatae who had invaded Asia Minor had come from beyond the Alps also, and where noted as being always naked and in the forefront of the battle line, as they wore only gold torcs around their necks and gold armlets.

219 BC This year, Hannibal of Carthage captured Saguntum in Spain, while the Celts in Northern Italy were to rebel against their Roman overlords there, and it would now take the Romans 10 years to subdue them again.

206 BC / 208 BC Scipio Africanus the Roman leader conquered Spain, but the Celtiberians there  would not enter into any type of submission to the Romans after finally seeing off the Carthaginians, and the ongoing battles between them were now to be never ending.

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