1191 - 1200 AD   

1191 AD  John de Courcy the Anglo - Norman Baron, who had his fortress in Castle Skrene at Bally Noe in Co. Down in the south - east of the Ulster Province in Ireland in the kingdom of the Ulaid Septs, was to be "replaced" in Ireland as the English Justiciar by Prince John "Lackland," who now had the "overall authority" in England as "Regent"on behalf of his older surviving brother, Richard 1st who was the actual "official "Norman King of England, but who was to only spend 6 months in England during his 10 year reign, which allowed the "perverse" and "deranged" John "Lackland" the freedom to do whatever he craved on those subject to English authority. This major change in authority in Ireland was brought about because John de Courcy, had publicly "denounced" the "murder" of his nephew "Arthur of Brittany" by Prince John "Lackland" while he was highly intoxicated, as  Arthur of Brittany was the actual "heir - apparent" to the English Crown, after the demise of his uncle, Richard 1st, as he had been the son of his previously deceased older brother, Geoffrey.

    The O Reilly's / Ui Raghailligh the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne Kings of East Breifne who had their kingdom in Co. Cavan (The Hollow) in Southern Ulster built a castle on the hill of Tully Mongan as they too were descended from 93.Fergus the direct male line ancestor also of the O Rourkes / Ui Ruairc the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne Kings of West Breifne who had their kingdom and territory nearby to the north - west in Co. Leitrim in the north of the Connacht Province.)

      Prince John "Lackland" the "acting" English Anglo - Norman "overlord" in England for his brother, Richard 1st now appointed William Le Maraschell - the Marshall as the English Earl of Leinster in Ireland, who was already the English Earl of Pembroke in Wales married to 115.Isabelle the daughter of Strongbow 11 the original second Earl of Pembroke from Wales and 114.Aoife / Eve the daughter of 113.Diarmait Mac Murrogh na Gall - of the Foreigners, and he was to construct a castle at Kilkenny on the River Nore in Co. Kilkenny in the kingdom of Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster, which later on would be taken over by James Butler - le buitleir who would then be the English "third" Earl of Ormonde in Southern Leinster. William - the Marshall then personally granted the territory and the kingdom of Ossory belonging to the Mac Gilla Padraigs (Fitz Patricks) the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla Septs in Central Ossory to the various Anglo - Norman Barons under his control there, with Thomas Fitz Anthony allotted the Cantred of Kells, John de Erlee succeeded Baldwin de Hamptonsford in the Cantred of Erley, while William - the Marshall retained the Cantreds of Callan and Kilkenny for himself. Shillelogher was divided between the Graces / Le Gros of Tullaroan, St. Leger of Tullaghanbrogue, de Valle / Walls of Ballybur and Castleinch, Fitz Gerald of Burnchurch and Avenal of Kilferagh, Galmoy was divided between the Catholic Bishop of Ossory and the Archdeacons / Codys / Mac Oda, the Bigods, the Drohulls, the Fanyns, the Smiths and the Sywards. The Cantred of Odogh was granted to de Rochford, and Fitz Warrin, and later on still to de Frayne, Devereux, St. Leger and the Catholic Bishop of Ossory. (Owing to the great number of Anglo - Norman Barons who were now represented in this highly "confiscated" region the Irish Gaelic Septs in the territories there in Southern Leinster were to find themselves well and truly under constant "siege.")

    All of the Anglo - Norman English Galls were now to be "combined" to try and finally "submit" the remaining most "dominant" Irish Gaelic Septs / Fines that were still surviving at this time in Ireland, including the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Turlough Ui mBriain Septs in Thomond / Northern Munster whose territory and Kingdom was on both the eastern and western side of the River Shannon who were still under the leadership of 110.Donnell Mor O Brian the Heberian Dal gCais King of Northern Munster. The English Galls first attacked the kinsmen of the the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Turlough O Kennedy's who had their territory in their kingdom of Ormond / Aur Mhumhain situated on the eastern side of the River Shannon in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province that overlapped nearby into Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster. They then pulled out of Co. Tipperary and crossed over the River Shannon towards the west into Killaloe, where they swept through the Co. Clare region in the north - west of the Munster Province where to their dismay to the south of Killaloe the Heberian Dal gCais Septs under 110.Donnell Mor O Brian the Ui mBriain 47th King of Cashel / Munster were able to regroup while awaiting their premeditated attack who were able to drive them out of Co. Clare back across to the eastern side of the River Shannon and back into Co. Tipperary. The Anglo - Norman Galls and their associated foreign forces then retreated further on down into Thurles in Co. Tipperary situated in the north - east of the Munster Province with the Dalcassian warriors in hot pursuit, who were then able to defeat them once again. 110.Donnell Mor O Brian this time had not only driven them from out of the territory there in Upper Ormond, but also from out of the territories of Ara and Coonagh, and if the Heremonian Septs from within Southern Leinster had been there to back him up at this juncture the English may have then been driven out of Ireland altogether. With this recent great success 110.Donnell Mor O Brian then became a church builder, including the present St. Flannan's Cathedral at Killaloe. (which would also be among the Catholic Irish Institutions that would later be "confiscated" in the future by the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland under the auspices of Henry VIII in the 16th Century AD). 110.Donnell Mor O Brian also constructed another church at Clare Abbey on the River Fergus, situated between Ennis and Clarecastle in Co. Clare after he was also able to regain the City of Limerick, and also St. Mary's Cathedral there from the English Galls.

       The O Duffys / Ui Dubhthaigh, who also had their original territory in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province, constructed the Boyle Abbey during the 12th Century AD in Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster.       

      John de Comyn the Anglo - Norman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin pulled down St. Patrick of Insula's Church in Dublin, and built a new St. Patrick's Catholic Church there near St. Patrick's Holy Well and the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity and it too was to be another of the Catholic Church lands and Institutions to be "confiscated" later on in the 16th Century AD by Henry VIII and given over to the Ascendancy Church of England / Ireland.

1193 AD Dervorgilla O Rourke, the wife of the "aged" and "murdered" 113.Tiernan O Rourke who had been the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne King of West Breifne, who had also been a sister to Diarmait O Melaghlin / Ua Mael Sechlainn the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Niaill Clann Cholmain King of Meath who had also been slain also by 113.Diarmait Mac Murrough na Gall, "died" at her retreat in the Mellifont Abbey in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster. (She had been the "original spark" for the expulsion of 113.Diarmait Mac Murrough na Gall - of the Foreigners and the following Anglo - Norman English Invasion.)  

     Affreca, the wife of John de Courcy the Anglo - Norman Baron, who was the daughter of Gottfried the Norse Viking King of Man and the Southern Hebrides / Inse Gall (The Isle of Foreigners) founded the "Cistercian" Grey Abbey on Loch Cuan / Stangford Loch in Co. Down in the south - east of the Ulster Province.

1194 AD 110.Donnell Mor O Brian, "died," as the "last" Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlough Ui mBriain 47th King of Cashel / Munster, and his eldest son, 111.Murtough O Brian, became the new the King of Northern Munster / Thomond, who was soon taken "prisoner" by the Anglo - Norman English Barons who took out his "eyes" and this brought to end his short reign, and he then became known as 111.Murtough Dall - the Sightless O Brian, and 111.Donough / Donnchad Cairbreach O Brian who was another of 110.Donnell Mor O Brian's sons and a Heberian Dal gCais Chief would from now on only be known as "The O Brian." 111.Conor Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Brian, who was a "nephew" of 110.Donnell Mor O Brian, became the new King of Northern Munster / Thomond who was a son of 110.Turlough O Brian, but his brother another 111.Murtough Finn - of Fair Complexion O Brian was to be in "dispute" with him over his actual right to the Kingship of Northern Munster / Tuadh Mhumhain / Thomond and with "The Irish Brehon Law" now totally in turmoil, there was to be continuing ongoing "internal" conflicts between the various Dal gCais Septs / Fines in Northern Munster. This new enduring conflict among the Heberian Dal gCais Septs in the Munster Province was only playing further into hands of the Anglo - Norman Barons allowing them to regain their hold over Limerick City in Co. Limerick in the mid - north - west of the Munster Province. who now also took the opportunity to "expel" any of the Irish Septs who were living there to the western side of the River Shannon, and the result of this mayhem was to produce both "Irish Town" and "English Town" there.   

      Geoffrey Fitz Robert de Marisco, the Anglo - Norman Baron, founded an "Augustinian" friary this year at Kells in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster.

    Melaghlin / Mael Sechlainn Mac Gilla Patrick (Fitz Patrick) who was now the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla King of Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster, "died" this year, who had been the son of Donnell Mac Gilla Patrick (Fitz Patrick), a grandson of Gilla Patrick.            

1195 AD William - the Marshall / le Maraschell the Anglo - Norman Baron, who was still acting for Prince John, who was now also the English "Earl of Leinster," rebuilt a fortress at Kilkenny City in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster that would also be "rebuilt" once again in the 13th Century AD as Kilkenny Castle also then once again against the surrounding Irish Septs still surviving there. 

      Corcomroe Abbey was founded by the "Cistercian Order" at Corcomroe in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province were there is still an "effigy" to be seen of 111.Conor Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Brian the Heberian Dal gCais King of Northern Munster / Thomond at this time.

     113.Rory Mac Dunleavy / Ruaidri Dunn Sliebe the Heremonian Dal Fiatach 69th King of Ulaid whose territory was in the north in the south - east of the Ulster Province was at this time being personally "supported" by John de Courcy the English Anglo - Norman Baron to suite his own agenda, and their combined forces attacked Derry / Daire in Ulster Province and burnt down the Abbey there, but despite this type of extreme attack, the Anglo - Norman Barons there in the north - ease of Ulster Province were never able to really gain "complete control" in that particular region. 

   Kells / Ceanannus Mor in Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster was situated on the very edge of "The English Pale" that now surrounded Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster that was always used to protect the English Galls / foreigners within its boundaries from the Irish Septs, and also to continue to "attack" the surrounding Irish Septs and their territories and Kingdoms further out, both in Leinster Province and Munster Province.

   Donnell O Gara the Heberian Cianacht Catholic Bishop of Killaloe in Co. Clare in the north - east of the Munster Province, "died" his year. 

    Prince John "Lackland" the Plantagenet Angevin Anglo - Norman still acting as "English Regent" in England for his brother, Richard 1st, renewed the charter on the Mellifont Abbey in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster as the "principal" house of the "Cistercian Order" in Ireland.

1196 AD 112.Murtough Mac Loughlin / Mac Lochlainn who was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain 58th King of Aileach in the Ulster Province, "died" this year, who was the son of *111.Murtough Mor Mac Loughlin who had been the previous 55th King of Aileach and 174th King of Ireland - with opposition who had perished at the hands of O Carroll in 1166 AD for the terrible deed he had carried out at that time while going back on his word.

        Further Irish terriory was confiscated and allotted again by William - the Marshall the Anglo - Norman Baron of Leinster to the numerous Anglo - Norman Barons under his control in Ireland in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster, including his English Knights. with Thomas Fitz Anthony receiving the Cantred of Ogenty, Geoffrey Fitz Robert the Cantred of Kells, John de Erlee in succession to Baldwin de Hamptonsford the Cantred of Erley, William Maillard his standard bearer received what is now known as Mallardstown in Erley, while William -  the Marshall retained the Cantreds of Kilkenny and Callan for himself.

1197 AD O Mulderry / O Mulderry / Ua Maoldoraidh was now the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Cenel Conaill "northern" Ui Niaill King of Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal in the Ulster Province where he was up against the ongoing conflicting interests of the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Mac Loughlins and their Cenel nEogain kinsmen the Cenel Eogain O Nialls.

     Patrick Gilla O Hehir the Abbot of Inis Fallen in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province, "died" this year.

1198 AD 111.Conor Ruadh / Roe - of Red Complexion O Brian who was set up in the Ui Turlough Ui mBriain territory at Killaloe in Co. Clare in the north - east of the Munster Province "lost" his position this year as the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Turlough Ui mBriain King of Northern Munster / Thomond. 

     *115.Rory O Connor who had been the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray Ui Conchobair 183rd King of Ireland, "died" at 82 years of age, after spending his declining years in the Cong Abbey in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province, while leaving the Irish Gaelic Septs in Ireland "totally leaderless," and his remains were interred at Clonmacnoise Monastery situated on the eastern side of the River Shannon in Co. Offaly in the north - west of Southern Leinster.

        In the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla Mac Gilla Phadraig (Fitz Patrick) kingdom of Ossory / Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster, bordering  to the west on the Munster Province, the Cantreds of Odogh, Galmoy and Shillelogher were now also sub - divided among William - the Marshall's lesser Norman Knights with the Graces / Le Gros granted Tullaroan, St. Leger Tullaghanbrogue and Attanagh, de Valle / Walls granted Ballbur and Castleinch, Fitz Gerald granted Burnchurch, Avemal was granted Kilferagh, the Catholic Bishop of Ossory was granted Freshford and Durrow, Bigod was granted Aghmacart, Drohull was granted Tubbridbritain, Fanyn was granted Clomantagh, Syward, and later still Fitz Gerald was also granted Glashare and Fertagh, Archdeacon / Cody was granted Galmoy (Ercke?), Smith was granted Coolcashin, de Rochford was granted Sheffin and Odagh?, Fitz Warin, and later still de Freyne, was granted Rathbeagh, and Devereux was granted Aharney. The Irish Septs who somehow were still surviving in their territories were now basically "leaderless" also in Southern Leinster, and they just had to try to survive all of the mayhem that was now occurring all around them.

   O Kennedy the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlough Abbot of Innisfallen, "died" this year.

1199 AD 115.Aedh Meith O Niall, one of the 2 sons of 114.Aedh - the Lazy Limbed Youth O Niall the previous Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Aileach in the Ulster Province who had died in 1177 AD as the heir apparent Prince / Tanaiste of Ireland, was to become the new Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niall Cenel nEogain King of Aileach, and King of Conn's Half, and the "northern" Ui Niaill King until 1230 AD, and this would now make him the English Galls / foreigners "worst fear" in Ireland.

April 6th : Richard 1st the "second" Plantagenet Norman King of England, "died," and his younger brother and acting Regent, Prince John "Lackland" was installed as the "third" Plantagenet Norman King of England and he allotted his cohort, William de Burgh / Burgho / Burke the Anglo - Norman Baron in Ireland, the Connacht Province under an "English" charter and also granted his other cohort, Theobold Fitz Walter the title of le buitleir (Butler) of Ireland, along with the fief of Oskelan / Gowran, (the ancient fortress region of the Mac Gilla Padraigs the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla Kings of Ossory / Co. Kilkenny). Further territories were "confiscated" and granted in Ireland by him in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster to the individual Anglo - Norman Barons. (James Butler who was later on to be the English "third" Earl of Ormonde was to build a castle there.) (At this time the English term "Marches" were accorded to "frontier" lands, while the term "Terra Pacis" was used to describe The Land of Peace / The English Pale surrounding Dublin, while "Tera Guerre" described The "Land of War," which were territories in Ireland still in the hands of the Irish Septs.

   John de Courcy the Anglo - Norman Baron who was always trying to gain personal overall control in the "north - east" of the Ulster Province now took a great force of English Gall followers into Tir Eogain / Tyrone (The Land of 91.Eogan) and "destroyed" two churches at Ard Stratha and Rath along the way to Derry / Daire, where he set up for 2 nights, also ravaging Inis Eogain (Inish Owen) and the surrounding countryside, with this conflict bought on by 115.Aedh Meith O Niall the new Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Aileach in Ulster Province who with a fleet of 5 ships had reached Cell in Latharna / Larne in Co. Antrim where he burnt the English Gall's settlement there, while seeking out two individuals and slew twenty. There were 300  English Galls from the territory of Magh Line, and of the Gaelic Milesian Irian Dal Araidhe Sept, who were clothed in mail and also without mail, and they had rushed into battle against him, and the settlement there was "burnt" as the battle raged in the centre of the town, which eventually went against the English Galls / foreigners again. The Irish Septs under 115.Aedh Meith O Niall were then able to "defeat" this particular army of English Galls 5 times, with a loss of only 5 warriors from the Cenel nEogain Sept, and they then returned to their ships, with John de Courcy also returning to his personal fortress at Downpatrick. Later on he was to be informed that the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Cenel nEogain Sept and their Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill kinsmen the Cenel Conaill Sept were involved in an "internal" dispute, as the Cenel Conaill Septhad given the Heremonian Dal Cuinn 3 Colla Kingship there to Ua Eicnigh who was now the Heremonian Dal Cuinn 3 Colla King of Orghialla. John de Courcy then came to take advantage of this dispute and attack them again at the Termon of St. Dabeoc were the Cenel nEogain Sept from Magh Itha came up against him, and Ua Eicnigh who was now the Heremonian Dal Cuinn King of Orghialla was "defeated" and left pledges, but in the meantime, 115.Aedh Meith O Niall with his warriors from the Cenel nEogain Sept on the same day besieged the Cenel Conaill Sept around the Plain of Magh Itha and gained a great amount of cattle from there, and Niall Ua Duibhdirma was slain. Later 115.Aedh Meith O Niall and the aristocratic warriors from the Cenel nEogain Sept returned to Magh Itha to attack the Cenel Conaill Sept again, but instead they abandoned their previous position there and made "peace."  

1199 - 1216  AD. King John "Lackland" who was now in as the "third" Plantagenet Norman Angevin English King had Lismore Castle constructed in Co. Cork in Southern Munster against the surrounding Irish Septs there.

1200 AD William de Burgh / Burgho / Burke the Anglo - Norman Baron now led an English Gall force against the Connacht Province and was this time supported by the Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain O Brians of Northern Munster / Thomond who were now "related" as his in - laws, to support 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg O Connor - of the Wine Red Hand the "illegitimate" son of *114.Turlough O Connor the previous Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai 55th King of Connacht and 173rd King of Ireland and they "deposed" the "rightful" O Connor King who had been recently "installed" by the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray Septs themselves under the provisions of "The Brehon Law," and installed 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg O Connor as the 58th King of Connacht to suite the English Galls "agenda."

    The English Galls / foreigners from their "settlement" in the kingdom of Ulaid in the north - east of the Ulster Province besieged the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain kingdom of Tir Eogain (The Land of 91.Eogan) 3 times, and on the third attempt they set up their camp at Domnach Mor at Magh Imclair and sent off a large English force from there to attack the surrounding area, but 115.Aedh Meith O Niall the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Cenel nEogain King came to rescue the Irish Septs who were under siege there, and the English Galls were once again "defeated" with many of them also being slain, and they eventually "departed" the region during the night, going past Tuaim.

    William - the Marshall the Anglo - Norman English "Earl of Leinster" was to set up "towns" in New Ross in Co. Wexford in the south - east of the Southern Leinster, and in Kilkenny in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster, while other Anglo - Norman Barons such as Hugh de Lacy set up the town of Drogheda in Co. Louth in the north - east of Midhe / Northern Leinster, de Burgh (Burke) set up the City of Galway in Co. Galway in the south of the Connacht Province, while de Bermingham also set up the settlement of Athenry there in Co. Galway.

     Theobold Fitz Walter - le buitleir (Butler) who was to be the "first" Butler in Ormonde with :confiscated" Estates in Co. Kilkenny, in the Mac Gilla Phadraigs Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla kingdom of Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster, constructed a castle there, and founded a "Priory" at Nenagh nearby in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province, as the Anglo - Norman Barons continued to make steady inroads against the Gaelic Irish aristocratic warrior Septs there.  

    One of the finest Round Towers in Ireland was constructed at Ardmore in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province and nearly 80 of these Round Towers still survive in Ireland today.  

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