RAINBOW FARMS AUSTRALIA                                               

                                                                                                                                             11th Century AD - 3 

                                                                                                     "Continuing Celtic / Saxon / Norman Influencies on Ireland"

1051 AD Godwin the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Earl was in "trouble" in Albion with Edward - the Confessor, and also his son, Harold Godwinson had gone into "exile" with his brother, "Leofwine" into Ireland where their sister Driella was to marry *106.Donough mac Briain who was to become the Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain 42nd King of Cashel / Munster and the 176th King of Ireland., the son of *105.Brian Boru - of the Tributes the previous 175th High King of Ireland and of 110.Gormlath, a sister to 110.Mael Morda the Ui Dunlainge 45th King of Leinster.

1052 AD Earl Godwin and his 2 of his sons, "Tostig" and "Harold Godwinson" returned to Albion with an army, and a reluctant peace was made with Edward - the Confessor, and his "Norman" advisors were "sent packing" back to Normandy, and Harold Godwinson who would be the future Harold 11 the Teutonic Germanic Saxon King of England, was appointed the leader of his army and personal advisor and he first was to become the Earl of Wessex and the Earl of Hereford, but Edgar - the Aetheling of Wessex was actually the "rightful heir" of Edward - the Confessor, but he was to be "too young." (He was a grandson of Edmund 11, and a son of Edward - the Exile), so the Witan in the future, on the demise of Edward - the Confessor, were to elect Harold Godwinson of Wessex (January - October 1066 AD) the second son of Earl Godwin,

    Edward - the Exile, the son of Edmund Ironside who had died 1016 AD and Aeldgyth of East Anglia, who had previously been sent to Sweden, Russia and Hungary by "Canute," died this year.

1053 AD Earl Godwin was to "choke to death" in an ordeal with a cake, which removed his strong Saxon influence in England.

1054 AD Edward - the Confessor the Teutonic Germanic Saxon King of England supported the 21 year old future Malcolm 111 Cean Mor's claim to the throne of Albany / Scotland and sent Siward the Teutonic Scandinavian Danish Earl of Northumbria with a large army of Germanic Anglo - Saxons and Scandinavian Danes to invade Alba / Scotland and Duncan 1st's son the future Malcolm 111 Cean Mor allied with the Earl of Northumbria and they came up against Mac Beth the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland outside of Scone at Dunsinane where 3,000 Highland Scottii were slain and 1,500 Anglo - Saxons and Danes, and Siward was then forced to "withdraw" his men from Scotland with the future Malcolm 111 having to be content with the "lordship" of Cumbria,

     The Catholic Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church finally "split." 

1055 AD Gruffyd, the son of Llywelyn, began besieging the towns along the Welsh border around Herefordshire, which was defended by Harold Godwinson who was now the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Earl there and Gruffyd, the son of Llywelyn also came up against Gruffyd, the son of Rhydderch, in battle who was slain, and Gruffyd the son of Llywelyn retook the kingdom of Deheubarth in Wales and he now also had a new ally in Aelfgar, who was the son of the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon Earl of East Anglia who had been "deposed," and together they besieged Hereford and "defeated" the Earl of Hereford and sacked the city and destroyed the castle. Aelfgar was restored to the Earldom soon after and a peace treaty was made and Llywelyn married Aelfgar's daughter, and Aelfgar became the Earl of Mercia and Gruffyd the son of Llywelyn then captured the kingdoms of Mogannwg and Gwent in Wales and claimed sovereignty over all of Wales, and Edward - the Confessor recognized his authority there.

1055 AD Siward the Teutonic Scandinavian Danish Earl of Northumbria, died.

1057 AD August: Mac Beth came up against the future Malcolm 111 Cean Mor and the Northumbrians in the "Battle of Lumphanan" in Aberdeenshire were he was to be "defeated" and severely wounded by Malcolm Cean Mor and soon "died" and was also interred on the holy island of Iona among the "Kindred of 94.St. Columbcille / Columba" and he was to be the "last" of the Kings of Alba / Scotland to be interred there, but Malcolm 111 Cean Mor the "future" King of Scotland still had to avoid the Gaelic clansmen from the Highlands of Scotland so he went back "southwards" for his own safety and Lulach, the stepson of Mac Beth was to be the next Celtic Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland for a year until he was eventually slain by Malcolm 111 Cean Mor who became the new King of Scotland.

1058 AD April: Malcolm 111 / Mael Coluim mac Donnchada, the son of Duncan 1st, became the new Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Alba / Scotland until 1093 AD who had by now been " totally anglicized," and was also married to Ingibjorg, and they produced 3 sons before she died and the Gaelic Culture and influence was continuing to "slip away," as he now had greater ties with Anglo - Saxon England, and this meant that Mac Beth was to be the "last" real Celtic Gaelic King of Scotland.

1062 AD Aelfgar the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Earl of Mercia, also died, and his ally Gruffyd, the son of Llywelyn, was now in trouble in Wales.

1063 AD Harold Godwinson along with his brother, Tostig and "southern" Welsh supporters besieged Gruffyd at Rhuddlan who was "defeated" but was still able to escape, and in the Spring Harold Godwinson besieged the south of Wales, while his brother, Tostig besieged the north of Wales, and Gruffyd then fled to Snowdonia were he became trapped along with his followers, and in August Gruffyd was slain by his own men who sent off his head to Harold Godwinson to prove their loyalty and submission to him. (Despite this it was also recorded that he was slain by Cynan, the son of Iago, in revenge for the previous death of his father in 1039 AD). All of his combined kingdoms in Wales then "split off" into their traditional kingdoms instead of going to his eldest son, Dafydd, and his widow Ealdgyth also married Harold Godwinson and Harold's brother, Tostig was given the Earldom of Northumberland, but was to prove very "unpopular" there and Harold Godwinson had to mediate peace there until he had to finally "banish" Tostig altogether.

1064 AD Harold Godwinson the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Earl was "shipwrecked" off of Normandy in France, where he was eventually handed over to William - the Conqueror in Normandy who allegedly made him "swear allegiance" to him in regards to William claiming the Kingship of England.

 1066 AD Edward - the Confessor, the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon (House of Wessex) King of England, "died" this year, leaving "no heir" and he would be canonized in 1161 AD, and become the Patron Saint of England until 1348 AD, but before he died he was to appoint his advisor, Harold Godwinson the Saxon Earl of Wessex as his "successor," who was the second son of Earl Godwin and his wife Gytha and in January Harold Godwinson was crowned the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon King of England in Westminster Abbey.

 May - September: Harold Godwinson fought off invasions by land and sea, while William / Guillaume le Batard / the Bastard, the Conqueror, the Scandinavian Viking seventh Duke in Normandy, a son of Robert 1st and Herleve the daughter of a "tanner," demanded that the Crown of England was rightfully his while Tostig, Harold's brother in the meantime also besieged the Isle of Wight, where he was "defeated" and he fled to Scotland from where he later "allied" with Harald Hardrada / Hardraade 111 the Teutonic Scandinavian Viking King of of Norway, and they then laid siege to York and fought another battle at Bamford Bridge, where Harold Godwinson was able to slay the both of them. Two days later William - the Conqueror landed in England also, and the Battle of Hastings occurred where Harold Godwinson along with his 2 other brothers, Leofwine and Gyrth were also slain and Harold Hardrada was to be the" last "Viking King.

     Edgar - the Aetheling, the rightful Anglo - Saxon heir, was then proclaimed by the Witan, but he was captured by William - the Conqueror and forced to submit to him, and sent over to Normandy to get him out of the way and William 1st - the Conqueror was then in as the "first" Teutonic Scandinavian Viking Norman King of England until 1087 AD and he appointed his contemporary, Lanfranc, a Tuscan, as the Archbishop of Canterbury to replace the Anglo - Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury in England to do his personal bidding, who instead put foreigners in charge of the Catholic Church in England, and in relation to Church matters placed the Church "above" the instructions of William 1st,  (Lanfranc was to eventually also gain control over the Celtic Irish Catholic Church). (William the Conqueror's half - brother, Odo, who was the Bishop of Bayeux in Normandy also became the Norman Earl of Kent in England).

       William 1st / Guillaume le Batard / the Bastard / the Conqueror of Normandy was married to his cousin, Matilda the daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders, and they were to produce 4 sons and 6 daughters, and it was to take him 6 years to finally "subdue" the Anglo - Saxon resistance in England and his Norman descendants were to use only the French language in England for the next 300 years, and he was to construct over 80 castles in England, and install his Norman Earls / Barons to oversee his rule and submit the Anglo - Saxon population to serfdom, with only 2 of the Anglo - Saxon Earls retaining their original territories.

      The Teutonic Scandinavian Normans who then controlled England turned their attention towards "conquering" Wales / Cymru, which was to take a lot longer due to the rough terrain, which was covered with forests and marshy clay soils, and also they were up against the "guerrilla" type of resistance put up by the Celtic Welsh, and the "Norman Marcher "/ frontier Barons were made use of by the Norman English monarchy as "buffers" against the Welsh and were to slowly encroach on the various kingdoms in Wales after being given authority over any territory there that they could "forcibly submit." Among these Teutonic Scandinavian families were the de Clares, the Fitz Alans, the Fitz Gilberts, the de Laceys and the the Mortimers who were to be supported by the English border garrisons of Bristol, Chester, Hereford and Shrewsbury enabling them to secure mostly the north - west of Wales within the perimeters of the most important kingdom of Gwynedd, while much of the north and central territory in Wales remained under "Celtic" control. The Cenedel / aristocratic warrior "Celtic" class through hereditary right were to rule under the Normans with their clients serving the aristocrats who had to guarantee no harm would come to their supporters, and if so, they lost their status. Foreign slaves who were captured were without civil rights, but could be free to become "clients," but as slaves they "could not fight" in a civil war unless their lives were threatened. In times of war the "Celts" there were advised by the Assembly / Civil Council.   

1068 AD Marianus founded a monastery of northern Irish men on the River Danube in Europe while 12 Irish convents were founded in Germany, Austria and one in Bulgaria.

1068 AD Edgar - the Aetheling the Tuetonic Germanic Saxon heir apparent escaped to Scotland with his sister, St. Margaret and a retinue of English exiles, where he was supported by Malcolm 111 Cean Mor the Scottii King of Scotland.

1069 AD The Celtic Catholic Church was "abolished" by Malcolm 111 Cean Mor at St. Margaret's suggestion.

1070 AD Malcolm 111 the Heremonian Scottii King of Scotland married Edgar the Aetheling's sister, St. Margaret, who was also the great - niece of his previous ally, Edward - the Confessor, and she was now to be the "main influence" in doing away with the Gaelic Culture and way of life there in the Scottish Lowlands and Highlands and introducing Teutonic Anglo - Saxon and Scandinavian Norman influence, and they produced 8 children who were all given Anglo - Saxon names, and there was a language "change " from Gaelic to Anglo - Saxon. Malcolm 111 became well known as the King of Scotland, and she promoted the rights of the Roman Catholic Church over the Celtic Catholic Church and established Dumfermline Abbey. Malcolm 111 supported his brother - in law, Edgar - the Aetheling's original right to the Anglo - Saxon throne of England and was to carry out 4 expeditions into Northumbria in northern England to challenge the Norman Conquest, but was always driven back.

1071 AD The Teutonic Scandinavian Norman conquest of England was completed.

1072 AD William 1st - the Conqueror the Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England in retaliation besieged Scotland and Malcolm 111 the Scottii King of Scotland was forced to submit and sign the "Treaty of Abernethy" as the Norman Knights / cnihts / servants, were bullies.  

1075 AD The Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon Earls in England "revolted" against William 1st - the Conqueror' s harsh Norman imposition of "serfdom" and harsh rule. 

      Pope Gregory V11 issued a decree of "clerical celibacy" this year on the Catholic clergy.

1077 AD The Bayeux Tapestry was completed under William - the Conqueror.

1081 AD William 1st - the Conqueror as the Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman King of England began the siege of Cambria / Wales / Cymru under Hugh the Norman Earl of Chester.

1084 AD St. Bruno founded the "Carthusian" monks near Grenoble in France.

1086 AD William 1st - the Conqueror the Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman King of England had the Domesday Book compiled in England to gather land ownership and collect revenues.

1087 William 1st - the Conqueror the Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman King of England was to mainly spend the last 15 years of his life in Normandy, where he "died" and was interred, and his third son, William 11 / Rufus - the Red of Normandy became the "second" Viking Norman King of England until 1100 AD, who was the "third" son of William 1st and Matilda of Flanders.  

1091 AD Malcolm 111 the Scottii King of Scotland besieged the "north" of England again where he was once again "defeated" and submitted to William 11 / Rufus - the Red at the Forth of Firth who then took southern Cumbria as far as Carlisle establishing a "new frontier" in Scotland.

1093 AD November 13th: Malcolm 111 now aged 62, after ruling for 35 years in Scotland, besieged Northumberland in the north of England again and was "defeated" and slain in the "Battle of Alnwick" by a Norman Knight along with his and St. Margaret's oldest son, Edward, and St. Margaret also "died" 3 days later after learning of their demise and the Scottish Kings from now on became only "vassals" of the Scandinavian Normans in England, with the Scottish Highlander Septs losing their previous overall Gaelic Culture and influence to the Scottish Lowlands, William 11 / Rufus - the Red was to be "unpopular" with everyone, including the Catholic Church and he was also to fall out with St. Anselm of Bec, the new Archbishop of Canterbury, who was also a Tuscan, who would in 1097 AD have to flee to "Rome" personally to Pope Urban 11 to escape William 11's wrath and his constant "interference" in Catholic Church affairs.

         Magnus Barefoot became the new Tuetonic Scandinavian King of Norway.

     Donald Bane a Gaelic Chieftain from the Hebrides became the newly elected Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland until 1094 AD, and this saw the English followers of Malcolm 111 "expelled" from Scotland as the Gaels took this opportunity to return Scotland to it's original Celtic Gaelic heritage,  but in the meanmwhile there were Norman claimants now to the Kingship of Scotland who proclaimed that the Kingship should be "hereditary" not "elected" as under the Celtic Gaelic Culture. Eventually the Teutonic Scandinavain Norman Kings in England were to have their way and the aristocratic warrior Celtic Gaelic way of life was only to be then in the Scottish Highlands, Further Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman Barons moved into the Lowlands and took over much more territory there in Scotland, and Norman French now became the "language" also of the new Scottish aristocracy.

       William 11 / Rufus - the Red the Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England was "dying" and he nominated St. Anselm  who was also a Tuscan, as the new Archbishop of Canterbury and "restored" the Church lands and also acknowledged Pope Urban 11, but after his recovery he would "not allow" St. Anselm to go to "Rome." St. Anselm was to write to 108.Murtough Mor O Brian as the King of Cashel / Munster and Ireland listing what he considered were "abuses" within the Catholic Celtic Church there. 

1094 / 95 AD Duncan 11 became the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland, for this year only, after overthrowing Donald Bane who then also over through him along with Edmund, and they slew him and shared the Kingship of Scotland until 1097 AD.

1097 AD Edgar became the new King of Scotland until 1107 AD.

    William 11 / Rufus - the Red the Norman King of England allowed St. Anselm to go to Rome and while he was away "seized" the Catholic Church lands and incomes. 

1098 AD The "Cistercians" / White monks were "founded" this year by St. Robert of Malesme named after the mother house at Citeaux in France.

     Magnus Barefoot the Tuetonic Scandinavian King of Norway invaded the Orkney and Sudrey islands in the north of Scotland.

1100 AD William 11 / Rufus - the Red, the"second" Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England, who was the the "third" son of William 1st the Conqueror, "died" this year, after he was "shot" in the Lung with an arrow, either accidently or on purpose.  (Walter Tirel / Tyrell the Lord of Poix may have been somehow involved). William 11 was really "hated" by his subordinates.

     Henry Beauclerc became Henry 1st the Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman King of England, who was the "fourth" and youngest son of William 1st and his Queen Matilda, who was married to Edith (who also changed her name later on to Matilda) who was a daughter of Malcolm 111 the previous Gaelic Heremonian Scottii King of Scotland and St. Margaret the Anglo - Saxon Queen of Scotland who was a sister to Edgar - the Aetheling who had been initially proclaimed the Saxon King of England by the Witan. but never crowned. (He had been a son of Edward - the Exile and a grandson of Edmund 11 and was therefore closely related to Edward - the Confessor.  

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