1461 - 1465 AD  

1461 AD Turlough Cairprech O Donnell who was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province. was maimed by a son of Niall O Donnell, losing a hand and a foot, and because of these impediments he had to stand down as their King and was succeeded by Aed Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Donnell, the son of Niall Garb - the Rough O Donnell who had been a brother to his father, Nechtain O Donnell.

    Aed O Connor, the son of Turlough O Connor, who was now the King of Half - Connacht only and was in opposition to Teague O Connor who died this year at Ballintober, and Felim Finn -  of Fair Complexion O Connor, who was a son of Teague O Connor, was captured by the sons of Brian Ballach O Connor and Rory O Connor the son of The O Connor Don, and they put in Felim Gengeach O Connor, to replace him who was also another of the sons of Turlough O Connor in opposition to Teague O Connor who was also taken capture by his own brothers and The O Connor Don. Mac William Burke / de Burgho the Anglo - Norman Baron then raided the region of Machaire Connacht to release Felim Finn O Connor, and Brian Ballach O Connor the son of Brian O Connor then released him and he was proclaimed The O Connor in opposition to Teague O Connor, and Aed Mac Dermot from the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Mac Diarmada then had him inaugurated on the Inauguration mound at Carn Fraich / Carnfree.

      Richard the Duke of York's young son, Edward who had been born in Ireland, was now to become Edward 1V the first Norman Yorkist King of England until 1483 AD and Edward 1V's new York Parliament in England then passed a motion that it was High Treason to attack any person under the English Great Seal, and also that the English Great Seal, Privy Seal and Signet were also to be completely obeyed by everyone in Ireland. The English Yorkist Parliament also declared radical corporate identity in Ireland, and the Old English Norman Earls now formed themselves into an overall ruling class in Ireland that emphasised allegiance only to the English Crown and total antipathy towards Gaelic Ireland. Edward 1V then had James Butler the Anglo - Norman fifth English Earl of Ormonde’s head cut off for treason for previously opposing his father, Richard of York, and supporting the usurping Lancasters, and his brother John Butler became the new Anglo - Norman English sixth Earl of Ormonde who was to also have his confiscated Ormonde Estates in Co. Kilkenny  in the south - west of Southern Leinster and part of Co. Tipperary in Northern Munster until 1477 AD as the second son of James Butler IV the previous fourth Anglo - Norman English Earl of Ormonde.

    The English Galls who had their confiscated Estates in the O Melaghlins / O Loughlins Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Niaill Clann Cholmain kingdom of Meath in the south of Northern Leinster were besieged by the English Galls from the kingdom in the north of Orghialla / Oriel in Southern Ulster, who also raided the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne Muintir Reilly Sept who had their kingdom of East Breifne there in Co. Cavan, while the English Galls who had set up also in the kingdom of Meath and Leinster and the O Connor Faly the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Failghe King of Offaly were now also involved in an all out war, and Edmund Butler, the son of Richard Butler who had been the son of James the Anglo - Norman third English Earl of Ormonde and the territory in Meath was ravaged until O Connor Faly made peace.

1461 - 1466 AD Teague / Tadhg An Chomahaid O Brian of Comahad at Inchiquin in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province, who was the eldest son of Turlough Bog - the Soft O Brian, became the Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain King of Northern Munster / Thomond and King of Cashel / Munster and was now also a contender for the overall Kingship of Ireland, and to strengthen his position he had the Inchiquin Castle built as a residence on the Inchiquin Loch near Corofin in Co. Clare, and due to the English presence now being weak he forced them to pay him rent for the territory they now held there the same as Mahon Moinmoy O Brian had been able to do previously. He then took a huge Dalcassian force to begin his challenge for the overall Kingship of Ireland across the River Shannon into the south of the Munster Province were he gained control of all of nearby Co. Limerick, and then moved on to besiege the Mac Giolla Patrick's Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla kingdom of Ossory / Co. Kilkenny also nearby in the south - west of Southern Leinster that was previously also part of Mogha's Half. He was by now the strongest Gaelic Irish Chief in the south of Ireland, but as the Winter months were coming on he decided to return to his stronghold at Inchiquin near Corofin in the west of Co. Clare, and despite his previous early success he would then never be able to reach his full potential and combine all of the Munster Septs as he had intended, as he would die in 1466 AD.

    Fergal O Gara the Heberian Cianacht Tanaiste / heir apparent of the kingdom of Coolavin in the Connacht Province was slain by the Anglo - Norman English Baron Mac Costello. 

1462 AD Richard Butler / Eamonn mac Risderd of Pottlerath founded the Augustinian friary at Callan in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster, and his son later on was to also construct the buildings there from 1467 AD - 1470 AD, which are still in existence today.  

    Youghal situated on the east coast of Co. Cork in Southern Munster was granted a Charter as a town this year.         

      Sir John Butler who was now the Anglo - Norman sixth English Earl of Ormonde who had his confiscated Estates mainly in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory, arrived into Ireland from England with an English army, and like his deceased father before him, he also tried to raise support for the usurper Lancaster cause in Ireland, and Gerald Fitz Gerald, another son of James the Anglo - Norman sixth English Earl of Desmond was captured by the Butlers who also took the town of Waterford in Co. Waterford in the east of the Munster Province. The Butlers were then defeated in battle by Thomas Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Norman seventh English Earl of Desmond, at Piltown near Carrick - on - Suir and his kinsman, Edmund mac Richard Butler of Polestown was then given control by the English authorities in the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre) over Co. Kilkenny, and the Battle of Pilltown then occurred where the Butlers were defeated with 410 of them being killed. and Edmund mac Richard Butler was taken prisoner by Thomas Fitz Gerald the seventh English Earl of Desmond on behalf of the Yorkists, who supported Edward 1V, The Anglo - Norman Fitz Geralds took Kilkenny and the other Anglo - Norman Butler towns killing the inhabitants and capturing their Anglo - Norman Butler kinsmen, with 4 ships belonging to Fitz Gerald the English Earl of Desmond also at sea. As Edmund mac Richard Butler had supported Henry V1 the redundant Lancaster King Thomas Fitz Gerald also demanded his book of Gaelic Irish history as a ransom and even had parts of it restored himself.      

1463 AD Teague / Tadhg was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Tir nAililla (The Land of 90.Ailill) who had their kingdom and territory in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province.

    Bared Mac Matthew / Mheic Maiu was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Tirawley / Tir nAmalgaid (The Land of Awley) who had their kingdom and territory in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of Connacht.

   O Byrne / O Branach / Ua Broin from the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Dunlaing Sept who had his territory in Co. Wicklow in the mid - east of Southern Leinster, was killed by the English Galls, who were then defeated by the "ferocious" O Byrnes.

    O Connor Faly the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Failghe King of Offaly, who had his kingdom and territory in the north - wet of Southern Leinster, besieged the English Galls again as far north as Berna an Ibair.

   Due to his strong support of the Yorkist / "White Rose" cause, Thomas Fitz Gerald the seventh Earl of Desmond was now installed as the English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, and he was told by Edward 1V the new English Yorkist King to keep everything in Ireland English.

  Reginald’s Tower in Waterford in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province was turned into a Mint.

Summer: Turlough O Donnell the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tyrconnell / Co Donegal (The Fort of the Strangers) in the north - west of the Ulster Province along with other Gaelic Irish Chiefs went to Dublin to ally with Thomas Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Norman seventh English Earl of Desmond, who at this time was being encouraged by Roland Fitz Eustace to make himself the Anglo - Irish King of Ireland.

      Edward 1V the new English Yorkist King, who was also nominally the Anglo - Norman English Earl of March and English Earl of Ulster, sent a gift of a robe to 122.Henry / Einri O Niall, the son of 121.Eogan O Niall, the son of 120.Niall Og - the Younger O Niall who had died in 1402 AD, who was now the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Ulster, who had overall supremacy there as Edward 1V was hoping to protect the English marches (frontiers) of The English Pale in Co. Louth and Co. Meath in Northern Leinster from attack by the Gaelic Irish Septs there. William Sherwood, the English born Catholic Bishop of Meath, who had been close to Edward 1V's father, Richard of York, came out in opposition to Thomas Fitz Gerald theAnglo - Norman seventh Earl of Desmond and went to England to lay charges against him for his Gaelic Irish way of doing things, but despite this he was able to clear his name and retain the position and improved government business, especially in the Anglo - Norman Parliament in Ireland and the outlying areas, and as instructed by Edward 1V strongly pursued the anglicizing of the Gaelic Irish Septs, while also pushing for the Drogheda University to be founded.

      Turlough O Brian the Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain King became a vassal of 122.Henry O Niall the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Ulster as he was hoping that he would ally with him against his ""northern" Ui Niaill kinsmen the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Cenel Conaill O Donnells who had their territory in Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal, and the Anglo - Norman Burkes who had their Estates in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province.

      James Fitz Gerald, the son of Gerald Fitz Gerald, who was now the Anglo - Norman English Earl of Desmond, died. 

1464 AD Mac William Burke and the Anglo - Norman English Galls, and Turlough O Donnell and the Irish Gaels went to Dublin to meet with the Thomas Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Norman seventh English Earl of Desmond who was now the English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland for Edward 1V the Yorkist King of England and they then made a Treaty.

        Teague O Connor who was now the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Ui Conchobhair King of Half - Connacht, who was descended from 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg - of the Wine Red Hand O Connor who had previously been the "unofficial" 58th King of Connacht from the Siol Muireadhach / Sil Murray Sept, died, and his body was interred at Roscommon in the Connacht Province.

      Aed Mac Dermot the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhach Ui Conchobair Mac Diarmada King of Moylurg who had his kingdom and territory in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province, died, and Conor Og - the Younger Mac Dermot, the son of Conor Mac Dermot became the new King of Moylurg.

     Cedach O More / Ua Mordha who was the Garlic Milesian Iran Ui Mordha Ui Laoighis King,  who had their territory in Co. Laois in the mid - north - west of Southern Leinster, died, as did the Anglo - Norman English Baron, Piers Butler.

    Mor the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlough daughter of James O Kennedy, and wife of Mac Geoghagan from Co. Westmeath in Northern Leinster, died, and James O Kennedy and Donnell O Kennedy, the sons of Brian O Kennedy, who had accompanied her there into Moycashel settled there and founded the O Kennedys of Co. Westmeath.  

      Thomas Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Norman seventh English Earl of Desmond who had by now arrived back in Ireland from England, founded a Franciscan friary at Adare in Co. Limerick in the north - west of the Munster Province were there are still 2 ancient churches, and a Desmond castle was also built there, and he also constructed St. Mary's Collegiate Church on his confiscated Estates in Youghal on the east coast of Co. Cork in Southern Munster that would also be among the Catholic Institutions later on taken over by the Episcopalian Church of England after the confiscations of Henry VIII.     

    A  Dominican friary was constructed at Burrishoole in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province.  

    Thomas Newbury who was the Mayor of Dublin in the English Pale for the ninth time, was also created an English knight and would be Mayor again for the tenth time in 1467.  

   Tomaltach O Gara from the Heberian Cianacht Sept in the kingdom of Sliab Lugha was killed during a night time attack in his territory by Maurice Mac Cormac Mac Dermott Gall and the Anglo - Norman English Baron, Edmund Costello - of the Plain.

1465 AD The Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray Ui Conchobhair O Connors who had their territory in the Connacht Province were at this time still in great conflict over who now had the real overall authority in the Connacht Province.

     Cormac Laidir - the Strong Mac Carthy the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Chief of Muskerry founded a Franciscan friary on the River Bride at Kilcrea in Co. Cork in Southern Munster. 

   Edward 1V the Anglo - Norman Yorkist King of England had the Statute "officially" passed where ever Irishman within The English Pale in Ireland (Dublin, Louth, Kildare and Meath, in the Leinster Province should anglicize their name from a town / ton, or a colour, with an "e" at the end, or from their profession, or they were to forfeit their goods for not doing so until all of their assets were gone, and these fines were to be levied twice a year to the English King himself.  

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