1600 AD  

1600 AD The Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlough O Kennedys, who still had their kingdom of Ormond / North - Eastern Munster at this time at Lackeen in Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province, also joined in to support 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall's / The O Niaill attempt to finally rid Ireland of the continuing ongoing ethnic and sectarian repression of Elizabeth 1st the Welsh Tudor English Queen and in the later part of this Century also, the Irish and the Anglo / Irish / Old English were to lose all, for their decision then once again, to continue to stand up and be counted, when up against the terror that was then to be the massacres of Oliver Cromwell, who would by then be the English Commonwealth Lord Protector, The O Kennedys / Ui Cean Eidigh Sept would then eventually finish up in Co. Wexford in Southern Leinster from where they would produce John F., Robert and Edward Kennedy in America.

   The "aged" Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Donnell previously The O Donnell who was the father of the recently deceased Donnell O Donnell, and of the "young" Aedh Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell who was now The O Donnell in his own right, Fionnuala, the wife of Niall Garbh - the Rough O Donnell, and the younger Rory O Donnell, died this year, who had been the son of Manus O Donnell a son of the previous Aed Dubh O Donnell who had died in 1537 AD, who was also a brother to Aed mac Aed Dubh O Donnell the "aged" Prince / Tanaiste / heir apparent who would also die in 1618 AD.  

      The Gaelic Irish Chiefs, who were still surviving at this time, were continuing to try and uphold the sanctity and traditions of the Irish Brehon Law, against the imposition of English Law, and were therefore in heavy conflict with Elizabeth 1st's English authorities, who had their stronghold in Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre), from were they were always trying to widen out the area they controlled beyond The English Pale surrounding Dublin, as even though the Irish Septs were by now thoroughly oppressed by the continual confiscations, English plantations, persecutions, inhuman brutality and deaths, they still continued to follow their Irish Brehon Law, their Irish poetry, their Irish history, and especially their Irish language.

       Due to his submission during the Anglo - Irish Fitz Gerald Desmond Wars, O Connor - Kerry, the Gaelic Milesian Irian Chief of Iraghticonnor in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province, had handed over his Carrigafoyle Castle, which was situated on the left bank of the River Shannon near it’s mouth, after his men were defeated there, and to try to then survive he had sided also with the English, but now seeing that there was a light at the end of the tunnel for the Irish cause he had now also joined up with the young Aedh Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell  / The O Donnell, and would also fight alongside him at the coming final Battle of Kinsale against the English forces of Elizabeth 1st in Co. Cork in Southern Munster.

      The Irish and the Anglo - Irish Catholics in the Munster Province, rebelled again against the English authorities who had increased their repression there, and the English AScendancy Episcopalian "planters," who had been put in there on the confiscated Irish Family territories were in real trouble, although their numbers had been increased dramatically over the previous 30 years under the never ending oppressive policies of Elizabeth 1st. Sir George Carew, her English appointed President in Munster, had another perrsonal agenda also, as he had pretensions of securing vast confiscated Estates there for himself, and to this end he was to ensure that the Irish Rebels there on this occasion were to be thoroughly defeated. Despite this particular regression there, the immense success of the other surviving Irish Chiefs, in the Ulster Province under 126.Aedh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / The O Niall from Co. Tyrone  in Central Southern Ulster, and the young Aedh Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell / The O Donnell from Co. Donegal in the north - west of Ulster was still encouraging to the remaining surviving Irish Septs also in the Munster Province, along with the promises of Philip 111 of Spain to assist them to eventually bring an end to the ongoing English ethnic and sectarian onslaught.

      Aedh Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell  / The O Donnell, besieged Co. Clare in the south - west of the Munster Province again, to try and send another message to Donough O Brien the appointed English fourth Earl of Thomond, who was supported there by English Militia, and also to the Heberian Dal gCais Septs themselves to rally their forces to defeat the English, and on this occasion he was to reach as far as Loop Head, and then was able to return north to his own territory in Co. Donegal in the west of the Ulster Province in ten days, but unfortunately, the Dalcassian people in Co. Clare, who were now under Donough O Brien's control, had no real separate and true overall Irish leader there to push and uphold their rights as a Gaelic Milesian Sept.

      126.Aedh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / The O Niall, was now known in Europe as the "Prince of Ireland," but he was also starting to have problems with some of his Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill kinsmen, especially, Niall Garb - the Rough O Donnell, who was married to Fionnuala, another  older half - sister to the "young" Aedh Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell, who had since become jealous of his rising success, and the position he now held in the eyes of all of the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Septs, and because of his personal envy and his own agenda he too had gone over to the English side, and taken over the Ross Nowlagh Friary in Tyrconnell in Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province, were he now fortified it for an English purpose, and it was then up his young brother - in - law, Aedh Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell to drive him out, which was only a further distraction from their real problems with the English. After he was to be finally removed from there, the friars there were able to return and re - construct the building from amongst the ruins, which became important in Irish History, as this was to be the friary were the 4 Masters later on, under Michael O Clery from Ballyshannon, were to write the 4 Masters - Annals of Ulster in 1626 AD, which was to outline the History of Ireland, and the genealogies of the Irish people from 2242 B.C. up to 1626 A.D.  

      126.Aedh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / The O Niall, although reared as a minor by the English for an English purpose, to do the bidding of Elizabeth 1st the Welsh Tudor English Queen in Ireland, was now preaching a "Holy War" against her and her continuing ethnic and religious sectarian repression in Ireland, and he went to the south into the adjacent Co. Westmeath in the north - west of Northern Leinster to also besiege the Heberian Cianacht O Carrolls, the Lords of Ely who were under immense pressure as they were trapped on the very edge of The English Pale surrounding Dublin, and he was hoping to also persuade them to see the light and to now stand up for Ireland. From there he went on down further into the Munster Province to see James Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Irish Earl of Desmond, who was now totally committed to the Irish Catholic cause, while bypassing James Butler the English Royalist Earl of Ormonde, who had also been taken as a minor to England and reared for an English purpose who was a fully committed English monarchist. Despite this, on the way past there he was to still set fire to his stronghold at Kilkenny in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory in the south - west of Southern Leinster just to let him know were he stood in his eyes, and from there proceeded onto Co. Cork in Southern Munster to obtain submissions from the Irish Septs there, to also further enhance his position as a possible overall commander and High King of Ireland. He then returned, via the Bog of Allen in the centre of Ireland, through the thick growth of willows, birch, hazel, pine, oak, elm and ash forests, that made it almost impossible for the English Military forces to traverse, and where the deer and the giant Irish wolves were still very numerous. His own home territory in the Ulster Province was also still very dense at this time, and following this route, he returned to his stronghold in Co. Tyrone in Central Southern Ulster, and barricaded up the Gap of the North, which overlooked the south of there, and he then waited there in anticipation, for the imminent arrival of the support from the Spanish King, Phillip 111. 

      Charles Blount / Lord Mountjoy who was now Elizabeth 1st's appointed English Lord Deputy in Ireland, immediately offered 4,000 pounds reward for 126.Aedh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall /The O Niall alive, or 2,000 pounds for his head, and following on from her instructions of all out "Slash and Burn" in Ireland he began totally destroying the nearby territory of the Gaelic Milesian Irian O Mores in their kingdom in Co. Laois in the mid - west of Southern Leinster also situated on the perimeter of The English Pale and under extreme pressure from within. With the assistance of Sir George Carew, the English appointed President in Munster, he also began to further carry out Elizabeth's 1st's "Scorched Earth" policy there also, reducing the whole of the Munster Province to dust, while carrying out terrible savage inhumane raids, especially in Co. Kerry. 

May 22nd: Edmond Fitz Gerald / Fitz Gibbon, the last White Knight and English appointed Earl of Kerry, had submitted to Sir George Carew, and had also refused permission for his kinsman, James Fitz Thomas Fitz Gerald the Anglo - Irish Sugan sixteenth Earl of Desmond to enter the town of Dingle in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province, so in retaliation James Fitz Gerald destroyed the town also and Listowel Castle on the River Feale in Co. Kerry in the south - west of Munster, was to be the last fortress of James Fitz Thomas Fitz Gerald the Sugan sixteenth Earl of Desmond, to fall to the English commander, Sir Charles Wilmot who then "massacred" the whole contingent of Irish and Anglo - Irish in the garrison there.   

      There where by now no Irish men, women or children left at all in Co. Galway in Southern Connacht, due to the ongoing War, and the terrible famine that was by now occurring, but the O Reillys from the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne Sept who had their kingdom of East Breifne in Co. Cavan in Southern Ulster, who were kinsmen to the Ui Briuin Breifne O Rourkes who had their kingdom in West Breifne in Co. Leitrim in the Connacht Province, were still holding onto their territory in Co. Cavan. Despite all of the constant ethnic and religious repression, there were still at this time, Irish primary school teachers, conducting "hedge schools," for the Irish children, although they were always on the run in fear of their lives from the English Militias, and somehow the Irish Families were still in there hanging onto the majority of their territory at this time.

     The bark of the mighty Oak Trees, that had been so treasured by the Druids and the Irish Septs in the west of Ireland, was now in great demand by the English, to be used for tanning purposes, and also the Irish horses for their conformation and physical strength.  

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