1801 - 1805 AD
Pressure now increased on the "Tenant Farmers."
1800's
New lettings were now allotted to the "tenants" in Ireland with
"shorter" leases to ensure "increased" rents in the future were now brought in by the
Land Lords
on
the
"tenant farmers" in Ireland,
or to work the land for one life - 21 or
31 years was from now
on
to be the trend.
1801
AD The population of
Ireland
was around
5,000,000
January 1st:
The Immoral
Union of
Ireland with England,
by the British Imperial Conservative Tory
Ascendancy Government
under
William "Bottomless" Pitt
- the Younger,
came into effect to be known as the
United Kingdom of Great Britain
and
Ireland with
the
Ascendancy
Anglo Parliament in
Ireland "abolished" after
500 years of
not actually
representing the "majority" of the
people in Ireland anyway, although the
Catholic
Irish
were still hoping for some "relief"from their previous
ongoing ethnic and religious oppression with the previous "promise" of
Catholic Emancipation
by William "Bottomless" Pitt - the Younger. The
Immoral Union was
based on 8
Articles,
with the
5th
one of these being the "uniting" of the
Ascendancy Church of England
and the
Ascendancy of the Church of England / Ireland and there were to
be 4 Spiritual
non - Catholic
Lords, and
28
non - Catholic
Temporal Lords, together with
100 non - Catholic M.P.'s in this new
combined Ascendancy Westminster Parliament in
England who would represent the
Ascendancy only in
Ireland, with
2 of these from each
County. Another
2 Ascendancy
representatives were to be
from the Cities of
Dublin and
Cork,
and one
each from
31 other cities and Boroughs, plus
1 from the
Ascendancy University of
Dublin / Trinity College. It
was considered that these
100
Ascendancy Anglo members representing
Ireland would be
"lost" in the numbers
anyway, as there was a total of
660
Ascendancy members all up in the
British Imperial
Ascendancy House of Commons at
Westminster. Although the
"Immoral Union"
had come into effect, the British
Imperial Government's Ascendancy Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 Acre) authorities were still
to be left
in control in
Ireland under their
British Lord Lieutenant and
the British Chief Secretary, who
were to continue to carry out their "oppressive" policies in the interests only of the
British Imperial Tory
Government and the "merchants"
in the Ascendancy Parliament who really were the ones who always ran things.
William
"Bottomless" Pitt
- the Younger the Tory Prime Minister, and
Robert Stewart his
British Chief Secretary in
Ireland, "resigned" their
positions
after the British Ascendancy Cabinet, and
especially German
George 111 the
Hanoverian King of Britain "refused" to bring forward their
previous "promise" of
Catholic
Emancipation, as once again this was
to be the usual
English form on
any of their
"promises," and once again the message was the same,
although it had been promised to them for supporting the
Immoral Union. (If the Catholic
Irish wanted any reform
at all, they would once again have to
physically fight for it.) A new
British Imperial Tory Ascendancy Cabinet
was then formed, under Lord Henry
Addington until 1804 AD, which also
seemed at this time the "end" of any further chance for
Catholic Emancipation.
May:
William "Bttomless" Pitt
- the Younger,
despite his previous promises and resignation soon swung "in behind the new
Ascendancy British Imperial Ministry again,"
which definitely bought no further hope also for
Catholic Irish Emancipation, as it seemed
that he had also promised
German George 111 the
Hanoverian King of Britain that he would not try to introduce
any further Catholic "reform" during his lifetime and was taken back into
the Ascendancy fold.
Matters were now
some what reversed, as the ruling
"Ascendancy
minority" in Ireland,
realising now that the Irish Catholic "majority"
would not receive any rights "to vote" or be represented in the Westminster Parliament, now
swung the other way, and were all now for "supporting" the
Immoral Union, with the certain
knowledge that the British Imperial Conservative Tory
Ascendancy Government would continue to maintain the
"overall"
Ascendancy position in the new British Ascendancy Government in the
Westminster Parliament. The
Catholic
Irish
"majority," on the other hand in Ireland, who had
"hoped"
eventually for
justice and equality, by supporting it, now realised that there was
"no hope" at all, and they were by now well and truly "against"
the
Immoral Union.
This further provocation
was to also finally have an effect on the "overall"
total
Catholic Irish population, but only slowly, until they were finally able
to once again "unite" in a common cause, with the non
- Catholics in Ireland who
were also to be, mostly "not
part also" of the ruling
"minority" Ascendancy, and they too would be hoping to achieve some of
their normal common rights in the future in 1829
AD. Despite this initial setback the Catholic Irish
who were also supported by many others in Ireland
were still determined to continue on with their goal of
Catholic Emancipation
(Parliamentary
representation for the "majority" in Ireland.)
There was still "great strife" throughout the "rural areas" in Ireland, as economic matters continued to deteriorate further with political discontent and insecurity, as further "coercive measures" were still to be introduced by the British Imperial Conservative Government's Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 Acre) authorities on the "whole" of the general population in Ireland.
Maria
Edgeworth,
who was the third
eldest child, out of the 22 children
of her parents, and who had been born at
Black Bourton in Oxfordshire,
wrote the first Irish
Novel called, "Castle Rack
Rent," describing the "harsh treatment" meted out to the
"tenants" in Ireland
by the "Absentee" Land Lords and their
"agents" and also by
similar Land Lords who
still lived in Ireland on their confiscated Estates.
Charles Tottenham, the English Marquis of Ely was given further personal rewards, for his part in the scheme of things and became Baron Loftus of Long Loftus in England.
1802 AD
One ray of hope for an improved standard
of life for all of the population in Ireland occurred when
Thomas Drummond,
became the British Imperial Tory Government's Under - Secretary
in
Ireland, and began to clip the wings of the
"Orange
Society / Order" who had
previously gained immense prominence, and therefore
"greater arrogance" over the lives of the surrounding Irish
Catholics in Ireland, and although in reality due
mainly to their "siege mentality" they had been made
use of once again by the previous British Conservative
Ascendancy Governments to create further pressure to bring about the
Immoral Union, but their "used by date" had
now arrived for the present, as in reality they were "despised" by the hard - line non - Catholics
in the Ascendancy who were the one's with the "overall authority."
Thomas Drummond at
first "dismissed"
Colonel
James Verner
for his outright "sectarianism" in
the Ulster Province, and
also t
"Napper" Tandy, the Irish Patriot, was at this time released from prison, on the personal representation of Napoleon Bonaparte, who Thomas Addis Emmet the previous secretary of the United Irishmen Society, had desperately tried to convince to remove the English yoke from Ireland for ever.
Edward
Rice, a merchant in Ireland
was to found the "Christian Brothers"
in
Co. Wexford
in the south - east of Southern Leinster to provide
increased "education" for the Irish
Catholic youth.
1803 AD
Sir
Arthur Wellesley the English first Duke of Wellington,
who had been born in
Dublin,
and
educated at Eton in
England,
was the son of the English Earl of Mornington,
whose family had lived in
Ireland
for 200 years,
and he
had previously also sat in the Ascendancy
Anglo Parliament in Ireland, and was now appointed the
British
Imperial Tory Chief
Secretary in
Ireland, and
William Plunkett who had previously also been
"against" the introduction of the Immoral Union
was
appointed the British Imperial Tory Solicitor - General
in
Ireland.
Thomas Russell, who was one of the leaders of the United Irishmen, was arrested in Dublin by the British Imperial Government's Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 Acre) authorities, and he was to be "hung" later at Downpatrick in Co. Down in the south - east of the Ulster Province, while another member Archibald Hamilton Rowan was "pardoned," and was to settle down in Co. Down, while Arthur O Connor, another member of the United Irishmen, was also released from prison.
Through the terrible "ongoing religious
repression,"
that was also occurring in
England, which had removed all of their English Catholic rights to
their property there also, and by doing so taken away their "civil rights" under
English Common Law, their numbers had been "reduced"
to an average of
3
Catholics to
every
14 of
the population there who
were by now also non - Catholics,
while in
Ireland, the
Irish
Catholics were
still averaging,
3 to
every
1 of the non - Catholics,
despite the terrible things that had been done to them, along with the numerous
"confiscations" of their territories and property, and the
many numerous attempts at non - Catholic "plantation" by those in the
Ascendancy in England
and Ireland.
England and France resumed their War.
July
8th: Frederick Hervey, the flamboyant English
Lord of Bristol, and Ascendancy Church of England Bishop of Armagh, who had tried in vain to
bring about Catholic Emancipation in Ireland, died at
63 years of age in Italy,
and was interred at Ickworth in Suffolk in England.
July 23rd: Robert Emmet, was a non - Catholic, and the younger brother of Thomas Addis Emmet the previous secretary of the United Irishmen Society who had previously escaped to "America" where he became a lawyer. Robert Emmet too had also been educated at Trinity College, and had been basically driven out of there for his ideas of "free speech" for all, by John "Black Jack" Fitz Gibbon / Lord Clare the hard - line anti - Catholic, who had acted as the main British Imperial Conservative Tory Ascendancy Government's "Undertaker and Placeman" in Ireland to stop any chance of any" reforms." By now, Robert Emmet too, had spoken with Napoleon Bonaparte in regard to bringing about Independence for Ireland, and to this end also he became the new "leader" of the remaining United Irishmen who were still active in Ireland, and he desperately wanted to also revive the spirit of "unity" among all of the population in Ireland, and with his brother he had endeavoured to once again carry out another Irish Uprising, even down to printing a proclamation on the creation of an Irish Republic. A week before this, he had planned to carry out his proposed Irish Uprising with his 2,000 followers against the British Imperial Tory Government's Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre), but the British Military forces had since confiscated his press, on which he was printing his Irish Republican hand bills and to cap it off his arms depot then blew up in Dublin, and he was by this date becoming really desperate, so he decided to "go ahead" with the rising anyway. He read out his Proclamation to create an Irish Republic at Crossgar in Co. Down in the south - east of the Ulster Province, with the intention of seizing the British Imperial Government's headquarters in Dublin Castle, but he could only gather together 80 of his followers who were mainly only armed with pikes, and with Michael Quigley and Stafford by his side, they began their attack on the area surrounding the Dublin Castle, where he rallied his men with the cry of, "Turn out my boys, turn out, now is the time for Liberty." Within a few hours, his particular Irish Uprising was totally "out of control," so he tried to call a halt to it all, and a retreat to Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster, hoping to try and join up with Michael Dwyer to fight another day, as United Irishmen such as Henry Howley / Anraoi Ua hUallaigh, who had previously witnessed the "atrocities" carried out against them in 1798 AD by the British Imperial Ascendancy Government authorities in Ireland, were by now determined "to fight on" regardless of what might come their way. During the conflicts that ensued and among the panic some of Robert Emmet's followers were to kill Lord Kilwarden the British Chief Justice in Ireland, who had been heading to the Dublin Castle for his own safety. Robert Emmet would be arrested by Major Henry Sirr a few weeks later and a further 2,086 people were then "arrested" in Ireland by the British Imperial Conservative Ascendancy Government's Dublin Castle authorities regardless of their involvement in the political situation or not, and whether they were United Irishmen or not, and they were then transported to "Australia" this year, with 40% of these basically on a "political basis," as the "Habeus Corpus Act" was suspended again in Ireland by the British Imperial Tory Government.
The Christian Brothers, founded by Edward Rice, constructed their "first" monastery in Co. Wexford in the south - east of Southern Leinster to "educate" Irish Catholic youths at Waterford in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province. -
Daniel O Connell - the Liberator, now began his "democratic campaign" in earnest to obtain the right to vote / Emancipation for Irish Catholics so that something could be done to bring to an end the never - ending oppression and senseless violence caused by the continuing oppression of all things Irish.
September: Those United Irishmen involved in the desperate attack on the British Imperial Conservative Tory Government's Dublin Castle, were hoping at that time that their actions might now bring forth a general Irish Uprising by the population in Ireland, but it did not happen, and during the trial of Robert Emmet he was to make the following request, "That no man was to write my epitaph until this Country takes her place among the Nations of the Earth." To make an example of him, the British Imperial Conservative Government's Dublin Castle authorities, had him taken out and "hung" in front of St. Catherine's Church in Thomas Street, Dublin, and his body was then "torn apart," and his remains were interred in St. Michan's Church in Dublin. Sarah Curran, his sweetheart, was the daughter of John Philpot Curran the lawyer from Newmarket who had previously defended the Irish Republicans, including "Napper" Tandy, the Sheares brothers and Theobold Wolfe Tone. After the recent "executions" of the United Irishmen, he threw his daughter out of his home, and she later married Captain Henry Sturgeon an English Officer, and was to die only five years later at 26 years of age, and she was interred in the Curran family vault at Newmarket. Robert Emmet, prior to his "execution" had been "refused permission" to give his reasons for his actions during the trial, and so he had then written a letter to William Wickham the British Chief Secretary in Ireland, who was to greatly "change" his perspective personally, on the "cause" of the political problems in Ireland, even to thoughts of "resigning" his commission and retiring from British Imperial Government public service altogether.
October: Thomas Russell, who was the last of the "leaders" of the United Irishmen, was convicted this month, and "hung" in Downpatrick Jail in Co. Down in the north - east of the Ulster Province, and Michael Dwyer from Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster, who was not involved in the Dublin Castle attack, was offered terms of surrender to be also "transported" to Australia with his family, which he "rejected" and a sum of 500 pounds was then put on his head.
December 14th: Michael Dwyer, was finally convinced to "surrender" to William Hume, the Land Lord of the Humewood Estate there in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster, on condition his life would be spared.
December 30th:
Lord Hardwicke, the British Imperial Tory Government's Lord Lieutenant in
Ireland, who was "against" trial by Martial Law decided that
Michael Dwyer would be
"transported" as a felon and a convict to New South Wales
in Australia also.
William Smith - O Brien,
was born at
Dromoland Castle in
Co.
Clare
in the north - west of the Munster Province, whose father was
Sir Edward O Brien, an English
Ascendancy
Baronet,
who had married
Charlotte Smith, the daughter
of a
financially secure commoner,
William Smith who was a
Land Lord and a lawyer, who
had previously held mortgages over the
O Brien's castle at
Dromoland, which he had then waived and
William Smith - O Brien, was to be their second son, who was educated at Cambridge, Kent and Harrow in England, and
Trinity College
in Ireland, but despite this he too was to do his bit for
Ireland regardless of
his previous English Conservative Ascendancy upbringing and he
was also a direct male line descendant of *105.Brian
Boru the previous
175th High King of Ireland.)
1804 AD January 9th: Jack Byrne, a companion of John Mernagh, the last of Michael Dwyer's men, also "surrendered" in Co. Wicklow in the south - east of Southern Leinster to General Beresford, who was in charge of the Co. Wicklow offensive against the Irish forces there.
January 17th: Michael Dwyer, was interrogated in Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 Acre) where he stated that the "outbreak" in Co. Wicklow in 1798 AD was caused when the people there were informed that the "Orangemen" there intended to "murder" all of them, and when the British Military forces were also sent into there, the people fled in "panic," and he also told them that Arthur Devlin and Jemmy Hope, had arranged a meeting with Robert Emmet for him, but he and Arthur Devlin had taken no part in the rebellion, while Arthur Devlin "refused" to be interrogated and was made to walk around the Dublin Castle yard for several days to give the impression that he was an "informer," so as to put pressure on St. John Mason and his companion Cloney / Ua Cluanaigh.
February 19th: John Mernagh, was also "captured" at the home of James Doyle, and put in the jail at Naas in Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster, and then into Kilmainham Jail in Dublin, where he also "refused" to be interrogated.
February 20th: William Wickham, the British Imperial Government's Chief Secretary in Ireland, who was "against" Martial Law, had "resigned" his position by now, and was to leave Ireland, and he was replaced by Sir Evan Nepean who in 1778 AD had been responsible for setting up the "Penal Colony of Botany Bay" in Australia, and William Wickham gave as his reasons for resigning, "I hereby repeat, that no consideration on earth could induce me to remain after having maturely reflected on the contents of the letter he received from Robert Emmet, "For in what honours or other earthly advantages could I find compensation for what I must suffer were I again compelled by an official duty to"persecute to death" men capable of thinking and acting like Robert Emmet has done in the last moments for making an effort to liberate their Country from grievances, the existence of many, of which none can deny, and which I myself acknowledge to be unjust, oppressive and un - Christian. "
John Foster, the previous Speaker and Chancellor of the Exchequer, of the Ascendancy Anglo Parliament who had been "against" the Immoral Union, but had still received the "most money" for his position, was now reappointed by the British Conservative Government as the Chancellor of the Exchequer in Ireland.
Martello / Mortella Towers were now erected at Killiney / Cill Leinin (The Church of the Daughters of Leinin) against the chance of attack by the French along the Dublin coast, from Bray to Ireland's Eye, for cosmetic purposes to appear ready for any French Invasion.
Colonel Hall, operated a Copper mine at the Ros Peninsular in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province for 4 years, until it was flooded.
General
Joseph Holt
a previous cohort of Michael Dwyer, who had taken
over his men in Co. Wicklow and then surrendered had also since been
"exiled" to
Botany Bay in Australia,
and this year he was to be reluctantly involved in the "Insurrection" in
New
South Wales, due to the oppression still
being carried out there by the British Imperial Government and it too
became known also as the "Battle of
Vinegar Hill,"
named after the
Irish Insurrection site were the
original battle
had occurred in Ireland on June
1st in 1798 AD, and
dozens of
Irish
men
there in Australia,
were once again also "hung," and he was then sent to
the north of Australia to
Norfolk Island
a thousand miles off the coast
1805
AD A petition for
Catholic Emancipation (The Right to vote and
be represented in the Parliament) was instituted in
Dublin, supported by
Daniel O
Connell - the Liberator,
who was to push for it's introduction in the
Westminster Parliament over the
next 15 years, until he
was to gain
complete control over the matter and the removal
of the insidious payment of
the "Enforced
Tithes"
to the Ascendancy Church
of England, and was to win over to his side the Catholic
priests.
Henry Grattan, the aged Irish Patriot and Statesman, made a return to politics this year, by gaining the seat of Malton in England, and brought forward the question once more in the Westminster Parliament, for the right of Catholics to be "represented" in the Parliament