1861 - 1865 AD
"Massive Tenant Evictions - Irish Republican Brotherhood / The Organization"
1861 AD Before this date all "valuables" that were found in
Ireland "belonged" by Enlish Law only to the
British
Imperial Crown, which
possibly saw the "loss" of many Celtic artefacts as this only encouraged the
finders to "melt" them down.
The population of
Ireland was
now 5,798,967, of which
4,500,000 were
Catholic
Irish
while the
Ascendancy Established
Episcopalian Church of
England / Ireland
now had
700,000 adherents, who were
mostly in the
Ulster Province,
and were also 11 %
of the
population in the
Leinster Province, 5 %
in the
Munster Province,
and 4 % in the
Connacht Province,
while In the
City of
Belfast
in the
Ulster Province itself 33 %
of the people there were still
Catholic
Irish
despite the previous "confiscations" of their teritories there and
There were still to be "mass evictions" being carried out on the "tenant farmers" in Ireland until 1864 AD, which were aggravated further by another near Famine caused by a series of "bad harvests" that were to create widespread ongoing distress also throughout the 1860's as one reforming Land Bill after another to assist the "tenant farmers" in Ireland were to be "defeated" in the British Westminster Parliament, pushing the "tenant farmers" in Ireland who were still under the total control of the British Imperial Government and their "Immoral Union" further into the arms of the "Secret Societies," who were their "only defence" and as a result they once again began to increase, while they were endeavouring to bring about some normal "rights and justice" in Ireland.
John Devoy, from Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster, was now in charge of "recruiting" the "I.R.B. Fenians / The Organization" from the ranks of the British Military up until 1862 AD, where there were over 55,000 Irishmen serving in both the British Army and the British Navy, and he was then to work in with James Stephens signing up "new" members until 1865 AD, which was by then also due to the "terrible conditions" still prevailing in Ireland and as a result they were continuing to grow even "stronger." Will they ever learn?
Lord Adare at
Derryveagh began his
particular "onslaught" on his
"tenant farmers" and their families
there, when he evicted
47
Irish families off of his
confiscated Estates, which became infamously known as the "Derryveagh Evictions."
Terrence Bellew Mac Manus, died, in "America" who had also been involved in the "1848 AD Irish Uprising," and the "Clann na Gael / The Organization" in America arranged to send his remains back to Ireland, so James Stephens, seeing an opportunity put on an elaborate funeral for him in Dublin, to gain publicity for the cause of "Irish Freedom," which was attended by 20,000 people, but Archbishop Paul Cullen representing the hierarchy of the Catholic Church would not get involved directly, so James Stephens hunted around until he found a "sympathetic" Catholic priest to give him an eulogy, and the results of this exposure was that he gained even "more recruits" towards the cause of "Irish Independence" and for the association of IRB Fenians / "The Organization."
The
"American
Civil War" was now begun
in "America" and
200,000
Irishmen
were "recruited" from out of Ireland,
with most of these being from the "north," and it would last
for another four years until
1865 AD, which gave them all
abundant "military"
expirience and training there in America.
The
"American Civil War" increased
the export of "Linen" from
Belfast in
Co. Antrim in the north - east
of the
Ulster Province, which then
caused an "increase" in power driven machinery and a
further expansion in engineering that eventually led on to "shipbuilding"
there in Ulster, while the
"rural" sectors throughout the rest of Ireland were on a further
"slide" due to foreign competition.
The Church of the Holy Cross was constructed by the Dominican Order at Tralee in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province when they re - established their priory after being invited back to there by Dr. Daniel Moriarty the Catholic Bishop of Kerry.
The Irish population in Australia had grown by now to 20%.
1862 AD
John Devoy,
was "arrested" by the Dublin Castle Corporation (The Devill's 1/2 Acre) authorities
on behalf of the British Imperial Government, and sentenced to
5 years
imprisonment for his involvement in "promoting" Irish
affairs in Ireland.
1863 AD
- 1864 AD
Further Famine
occurred
again
Previous members of the
"1848 AD Irish Uprising" in Ireland were also now involved
with the
"I.R.B.
Fenians / The Organization,"
including
Thomas Clarke Luby, who was
to lead the
"I.R.B. / Irish Republican Brotherhood"
in the absence of
James
Stephens, and
Charles Joseph Kickham from Mullinahone in
Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the
Munster Province who was also appointed to their
"Supreme Executive," while
James Stephens had also set up their newspaper
"The
Irish People"
leaving
John
O Leary who also co -
edited it in charge, as his ally. Michael Davitt who was later to
"found"
the "Irish Land League" for the return of the land of
Ireland to the people in
Ireland
also became an I.R.B. Fenian at
19 years of age.
John O Mahony
who was
now
in
"America"
was calling for "more action and less talk" and along with
John Devoy he was to create a new version of the
"Fenian
Oath," which
was to declare that the
"Irish Republic" was
to be seen as virtually "established," and they started "drilling" the
Fenian recruits who
were now members of
"The Organization" by night
in the surrounding countryside. A
"Fenian Convention"
was then also held in
Chicago, where it was mutually agreed that the
Fenian Brotherhood
/ Irish Republican Brotherhood
was to remain in force "permanently" until
Ireland achieved an
Irish
Republic, and it was to carry on under the
guidance of the
"Clann Na Gael,"
with
John Devoy in
"overall charge,"
while their newspaper, "The
Irish People"
in
Ireland,
was to be continued to be produced under great pressure to stop
its production from the British Imperial Government's Dublin Castle (The Devill's 1/2 Acre) authorites for the next
2 years, due to the tone of their
articles, as they tried to "defend" themselves against those who were
against the
use of any type of "physical force" to bring about "reform" in Ireland. They
also tried to "infiltrate" any of the other
Irish "organizations" brought
about by the ongoing British Imperial Government "oppression," and
would attempt to break them up if they were
"Irish Nationalists"
who were
still naively trying to achieve "self - government" for
Ireland by "constitutional" means
under the total control of the British Imperial
Government's Immoral Union."
A
400 acre
Reservoir was
under construction west of
Roundwood
on the
River Vartry in
Co. Wicklow in the south - east
of Southern
Leinster, to supply
the region around
Dublin, Bray and
Dun Laoghaire in the east of
Southern Leinster, with water until
1868 AD.
1864 AD Edward Tierney Bart the "infamous"
Land Lord from
Churchtown Estates in
Co. Kerry
in the south - west of the
Munster Province, died, and these
particular confiscated Estates
there were repurchased by the
the previous owners, the
Percivals who were the English Earls of Egmont,
who had also taken over
Liscarroll and the Barry Estates and were now holding altogether 90,000 acres all up in
Ireland.
Archbishop
Paul Cullen,
who was "against" revolutionary ideas, naively believing that "commonsense" would prevail in
discussions with the
British
Imperial Conservative Liberal Government still under
Henry Temple / Viscount Palmerston, combined with the
"Constitutional
Nationalists,"
hoping to bring about
"reform" in Ireland by
"democratic" means, and to this end they
founded the
Irish National Association,
with
goals of
bringing about the
demise of the overall Ascendancy position in Ireland by the
"disestablishment" of the
Ascendancy Established
Church of England / Ireland, by land "reform" and
also
"denominational" education. Naturally none of the
"Irish National
Independence"
followers joined in with them in their expectations of
any chance of "democratic
reform"
being brought in by the
British Imperial Conservative Liberal Government
authorities in
Ireland.
Finally
Registrations of Births, Deaths &
Marriages finally began in Ireland.
James Stephens
the leader of the I.R.B. / The Organizaion in
Ireland went again to
"America," to
rally further vsupport for
"Irish Independence"
during the "American Civil War" that was
still occurring there.
The I.R.B.Fenian Organization / Irish Republican Brotherhood now claimed 80,000 supporters in the United Kingdom alone, and they carried out an "unsuccessful" attack on Chester Castle there, that focussed the attention of the outstanding political Scotsman and Statesman, William Ewart Gladstone in the Westminster Parliament, who was already "sympathetic" to the ongoing plight of the general population in and "tenant" farmers"in Ireland.
Imprisonment
for "debt" in Ireland
was
finally "abolished" were the population in Ireland
under British Imperial Law were "imprisoned" for owing 10/-
shillings or more.
William Smith - O Brien, the Anglo - Irish Land Lord who had previously made a "stand" for a better deal for the Irish "tenant farmers" and their families and the Irish population in general, died, at Bangor in Northern Wales.
William Mulchinor, also died this year, who was from Ballymullen in Tralee in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province, who had written "The Rose of Tralee,"
1865 AD
Michael Davitt
from
Co. Monaghan / Moynihan in
Southern Ulster, who was now
only 19 year old joined
"The
Organization / I.R.B. Fenians / Irish
Republican Brotherhood "as they,
"Resisted
outrage,
checked the crime and sought self
government by preparing for open war,"
and he was to go
on to become a
"major player" in Irish
History
and the propagator of "self reliance," as the future
"founder" of the
"Irish
Land League."
April:
The
"American Civil War" came to an
end, and
Irish - American
soldiers, who had been involved in the fighting
there began "returning" home to
Ireland, and
James Stephens
considered that
he could
now use their new talents and experience to begin an
"I.R.B.
Insurrection" against
the continuing oppression in Ireland, and eventually bring about
"Irish
Freedom" from the grip of
the British Imperial Empire continued under the auspices of their
"Immoral Union."
September:
The British Imperial Government's
stronghold of
Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre) authorities now
moved on "The
Irish People"
newspaper, with
John O Leary,
Thomas Clarke Luby and
Joseph Kickham all being
"arrested" and the Catholic
clergy in
Ireland
now also came
out "against" the
I.R.B.
/
Fenians / The Organization,
but despite
these setbacks the "publicity" that they now received for the cause of
Irish Self - Determination, and their
demeanour throughout their trials, were to convince many in
Ireland to fully realise the reasons for their cause, including the
non - Catholic barrister,
Isaac Butt. He was
to be so effected
by their" persuasive arguments" of the need for "Irish Freedom" to govern themselves
that he had decided to take over
their "defence," and was now well aware of the British Imperial Government's lack of
any "real interest" in
Irish Affairs, but
despite this,
he also
personally believed that the
"self" government of
Ireland could only be carried out
by the "Upper Classes," and
as conditions were as bad as they were still, this
would be the only "guarantee," against any chance of
stopping a
"Fenian
Revolution.
November 11th:
James Stephens,
the chief organizer of the
I.R.B. / Irish Republican Brotherhood by now,
had built up quite an "organization," which included
thousands of
Irish
troops, not only serving in
Ireland, but also in
Great Britain, and they also had great
support in "America," and he
was now planning for a future "Irish
Uprising," pushed on by the other
"Irish Independence" leaders, and had
85,000 men who were ready to go in
Ireland
alone, with some drilling under
Irish - American officers in
uniform. Due to the American
Civil War
previously occurring
in America, his plans had
to be put on hold, with the full knowledge that well trained troops would
then be "available"
after it was all over, to fight in
Ireland
to bring about
"Irish Independence."
During this period of "postponement" he was to be "betrayed" by one of his
own employees, a dispatcher
named,
"Nagle," who
had turned
"informer" for the the British Imperial Government authorities in the
Dublin
Castle, and the staff of his newspaper
"The Irish People" were all to be "arrested,"
and it was all now "too late" as the
funds they had received from the "Clann na Gael"
in America
were
also "seized," and
the British Imperial
Government's
Dublin Castle authorities rounded
up all of the "suspects," also seizing any arms they already had, and removed any suspected
British Military regiments from
Ireland.
James Stephens was to be the "only one" of
the I.R.B. leaders to "escape" the raids and he now went into hiding.
December 13th:
Charles Joseph
Kickham,
the novelist and
the editor of "The Irish People," who had been
pushing for "land reform" in Ireland, was now sentenced to
14
years imprisonment
after being tried for "Treason - Felony," and was eventually to be released a
"broken man," after serving 4 years in Woking and Portland Jails,
while
Jeremiah O Donovan
of Rossa, who was their business
manager, received "Life" Imprisonment,
and Thomas Clarke Luby and
John O Leary also
received long terms of "imprisonment." As
James
Stephens
had also
been informed on, he was
to be "arrested" weeks after the others, but
still
managed to "escape" from Richmond
Jail, with help from
2
of the sympathetic warders there, who were
also
I.R.B. Fenian supporters, and
Colonel
Thomas J.
O Kelly, who had just
returned from "America,"
had also been "arrested" and he too was to
"escape" with him. Despite
this close call,
James
Stephens still stayed in
Dublin,
using an assumed name, and although
Colonel
O Kelly and
John Devoy
wanted him to begin the "Irish Uprising"
regardless,
he continued to "waiver" and decided instead to go to "America"
personally again, so
Colonel
Thomas J. O Kelly went with him.
The Irish National Association representatives under the Catholic Archbishop Paul Cullen, who wanted to bring about change by "democratic means" did no good in the General Elections for the British Westminster Parliament, but were to continue on for a few more years, although they were to have no "real effect" on the "Fenian Independence" movement, while the most "popular" politicians during these elections were those who called for the "release" of the previously arrested and imprisoned "I.R.B. Fenian" prisoners.
William Ewart Gladstone
the Scotsman and Statesman, who
was
now the
"Opposition"
Liberal leader in the
Westminster Parliament in England, had
stated his policy, publicly, on the state of
Irish Affairs, and
also his intention to do something about it, which only added to
his "defeat"
in the General Elections in England.
A
"Flag of Ireland" was created, and a newspaper by the same
name was printed in
London, and another
monument was erected
to
Daniel O
Connell - the Liberator,
which was to be 74' high in
Ennis in
Co. Clare / The Banner County in the north - west
of the Munster Province, and
it still exists there today, to his memory, as he
had brought about
Catholic
Emancipation for everyone in the British Isles
by continuing to try, by peaceful
democratic means, to bring about
"Irish Freedom" against the continual "oppression" continually carried out by
the ongoing British Imperial Conservative Governments,
their Conservative Ascendancy controlled and "unelected"
House of Lords, and
their Ascendancies supporters
in general in both England and Ireland.
Matthew Arnold
gave lectures at Oxford
up to 1866 AD,
in which he stated,"To
obtain balance in their genetic makeup the materialistic and
depressing
philistine character of the English middle class, could be improved by the
character of the Celts."
William Butler Yeats the Anglo - Irish poet and dramatist, was also born this year, in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province.
St. Patrick's Church
in
Dublin, which
was originally
St. Patrick's
Catholic Church,
which had been taken over by the
Ascendancy
Episcopalian Church of England, under the confiscations of the
Catholic Institutions by
Henry
VIII, had fallen again into
desperate "decay," and was
restored this year by
Sir
Benjamin Guinness and
is still in existence today.
Cornelius O Brien, who had succeeded Daniel O Connell - the Liberator as the M.P. for Co. Clare built an Ionic Column at Liscannor as a memorial to "himself," which was paid for by his "tenants."
Another Catholic church was built in Sneem in Co. Kerry in the south - west of Munster, were Father Michael Walsh the parish priest is interred.
Lord John Russell the Land Lord who had confiscated Estates in Ireland who had treated the Irish population so callously during the "Great Famine" as the British Imperial Prime Minister under their "Immoral Union" became the British Liberal Prime Minister again until 1866 AD.