1461 - 1465 AD 

1461 AD At this time Turlogh Cairprech O Donnell who was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province. was maimed by a son of Niall O Donnell, losing a hand and a foot, and he had to stand down as King and was then succeeded by Aed Ruadh - of Red Complexion O Donnell, the son of Niall Garb - the Rough O Donnell who had been a brother to his father, Nechtain O Donnell.

    Aed O Connor, the son of Turlogh O Connor, who was now the King of Half - Connacht in opposition to Teague O Connor, died this year at Ballintober, and Felim Finn -  of Fair Complexion O Connor, who was the son of Teague O Connor, was captured by the sons of Brian Ballach O Connor, and Rory O Connor the son of O Connor Don, who put in another who was called Felim Gengeach O Connor, who was also one of the sons of Turlogh O Connor in opposition to Teague O Connor who was taken capture by his own brothers and O Connor Don and Mac William Burke / de Burgho the Anglo - Norman Baron then raided the region of Machaire Connacht to release Felim Finn O Connor and Brian Ballach O Connor, the son of Brian O Connor released him and he was then proclaimed "The O Connor " in opposition to Teague O Connor, and Aed Mac Dermot then had him inaugurated on Carn Fraich / Carnfree.

      Richard the Duke of York's young son, Edward who had been born in Ireland, was now to become Edward 1V the first Norman Yorkist King of England until 1483 AD and Edward 1V's new York Parliament in England then passed a motion that it was High Treason to attack any person under the English Great Seal, and also that the English Great Seal, Privy Seal and Signet were to be completely obeyed in Ireland. The English Yorkist Parliament declared radical corporate identity in Ireland, and the Anglo - Irish / Old English Earls now formed a ruling class that emphasised allegiance only to the English Crown and antipathy towards Gaelic Ireland. Edward 1V then had James Butler the fifth English Earl of Ormonde’s head cut off for treason for previously opposing his father, Richard of York, and his brother John Butler became the new English appointed sixth Earl of Ormonde who was to have his particular Ormonde Estates in Co. Kilkenny  in the south - west of Southern Leinster and part of Co. Tipperary in Northern Munster until 1477 AD being the second son of James Butler the previous fourth English Earl of Ormonde.

    The English Galls who had their Estates in the Dal Cuinn "southern" Ui Niaill Clann Cholmain kingdom of Meath in the south of Northern Leinster were besieged by the English Galls from the kingdom to the north of Orghialla / Oriel in Southern Ulster, who also raided the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Breifne Muintir Reilly who had their kingdom of East Breifne in Co. Cavan in Southern Ulster. The English Galls who had set up in the kingdom of Meath and Leinster and O Connor Faly the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Failghe King of Offaly were at war, and Edmund Butler, the son of Richard Butler, who had been the son of James the third English Earl of Ormonde, and the territory in Meath was ravaged and O Connor Faly made peace.

1461 - 1466 AD Teague / Tadhg An Chomahaid O Brian of Comahad at Inchiquin in Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province, (who was the eldest son of Turlogh Bog - the Soft O Brian) became the Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain King of Northern Munster / Thomond and King of Cashel / Munster and was now also a contender for the overall Kingship of Ireland and to strengthen his position he had the Inchiquin Castle built as a residence on the Inchiquin Loch near Corofin in Co. Clare, and due to the English presence now being weak he forced them to pay him rent for the territory they now held there the same as Mahon Moinmoy O Brian had done previously. He then took a huge Dalcassian force to begin his challenge for the overall Kingship of Ireland across the River Shannon into the south of the Munster Province were he gained control of all of nearby Co. Limerick, and then moved on to besiege the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla kingdom of Ossory / Co. Kilkenny also nearby in the south - west of Southern Leinster that was previously also in Mogha's Half. He was by now the strongest Gaelic Irish Chief in the south of Ireland, but as the Winter months were coming on he decided to return to his stronghold at Inchiquin near Corofin in the west of Co. Clare. (Despite his early success he would never be able to reach his full potential and combine all of the Munster Septs as he had intended as he would die in 1466 AD).

    Fergal O Gara the Heberian Cianacht Tanaiste / heir apparent of the kingdom of Coolavin in the Connacht Province was slain by the English Baron, Mac Costello. 

1462 AD Eamonn Mac Risderd / Richard Butler of Pottlerath founded the Augustinian friary at Callan in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster, and his son later on was to also construct the buildings there from 1467 AD - 1470 AD, which are still in existence today.  

    Youghal situated on the east coast of Co. Cork in Southern Munster was granted a Charter as a town this year.         

      Sir John Butler who was now the sixth English Earl of Ormonde who had his Estates mainly in Co. Kilkenny / Ossory, arrived in Ireland from England with an English army, and like his deceased father before him, he also tried to raise support for the Lancaster cause in Ireland, and Gerald Fitz Gerald, another son of James the sixth English Earl of Desmond was captured by the Butlers who also took the town of Waterford in Co. Waterford in the east of the Munster Province. The Butlers were then defeated in battle by Thomas Fitz Gerald the seventh English Earl of Desmond, at Piltown near Carrick - on - Suir and his kinsman, Edmund Mac Richard Butler of Polestown was then given control by the English authorities in the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre) over Co. Kilkenny, and the Battle of Pilltown then occurred and the Butlers were defeated with 410 of them being killed. Edmund Mac Richard Butler was taken prisoner by Thomas Fitz Gerald the seventh English Earl of Desmond on behalf of the Yorkists, who supported Edward 1V, The Fitz Geralds took Kilkenny and the other Butler towns killing the inhabitants and capturing their Butler kinsmen with 4 ships belonging to the English Earl of Desmond also at sea. As Edmund Mac Richard Butler had supported Henry V1, the redundant Lancaster King, Thomas Fitz Gerald also demanded his book of Gaelic Irish history as a ransom and even had parts of it restored himself.      

1463 AD This year, Teague / Tadhg was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Tir nAililla (The Land of 90.Ailill) who had their kingdom and territory in Co. Sligo in the north - west of the Connacht Province.

    Bared mac Matthew / Mac Maiu was the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin King of Tirawley / Tir nAmalgaid who had their kingdom and territory in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of Connacht.

   O Byrne / O Branach / Ua Broin from the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Dunlaing Sept who had his territory in Co. Wicklow in the mid - east of Southern Leinster, was killed by the English Galls, who were then defeated by the O Byrnes.

   O Connor Faly the Heremonian Cu Corb Ui Failghe King of Offaly, who had his kingdom and territory in the north - wet of Southern Leinster, besieged the English Galls as far north as Berna an Ibair.

    Due to his strong support of the Yorkist cause, Thomas Fitz Gerald the seventh Earl of Desmond was now installed as the English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, and he was told by Edward 1V the new English Yorkist King to keep everything in Ireland English, and that all of the Irish must anglicize their names to their occupations or colours, or under pain of forfeiting their goods and chattels to the English crown yearly until all were taken.

  Reginald’s Tower in Waterford in Co. Waterford in the south - east of the Munster Province was turned into a Mint.

Summer: Turlogh O Donnell the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill King of Tyrconnell / Co Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province and other Gaelic Irish Chiefs went to Dublin to ally with Thomas Fitz Gerald the seventh English Earl of Desmond, while at this time Roland Fitz Eustace was urging Thomas Fitz Gerald to make himself the Anglo - Irish King of Ireland.

      Edward 1V the new English Yorkist King, who was also nominally the English Earl of March and English Earl of Ulster, sent a gift of a robe to 122.Henry / Einri O Niall, the son of 121.Eogan O Niall, the son of 120.Niall Og - the Younger O Niall who had died in 1402 AD. 122.Henry O Niall was now the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Ulster, who had overall supremacy there. Edward 1V was hoping to protect the English marches (frontiers) of the English Pale in Co. Louth and Co. Meath in Northern Leinster from attack by the Gaelic Irish Septs there. William Sherwood, the English born Catholic Bishop of Meath, who had been close to Edward 1V's father, Richard of York, came out in opposition to Thomas Fitz Gerald the Seventh Earl of Desmond and went to England to lay charges against him for his Gaelic Irish way of doing things, but despite this Thomas Fitz Gerald was able to clear his name and was retained in the position. He improved government business, especially in the Anglo - Irish Parliament and outlying areas, and as instructed strongly pursued the anglicizing of the Gaelic Irish Septs, and also pushed for the Drogheda University to be founded.

      Turlogh O Brian the Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain King of Cashel / Munster became a vassal of 122.Henry O Niall the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain King of Ulster as he was hoping that he would ally with him against his ""northern" Ui Niaill kinsmen the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Cenel Conaill O Donnells who had their territory in Tyrconnell / Co. Donegal, and the Anglo - Irish Burkes who had their Estates in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province.

      James Fitz Gerald, the son of Gerald Fitz Gerald, the Earl of Desmond, died. 

1464 AD Mac William Burke, the English Galls, and Turlogh O Donnell and the Irish Gaels went to Dublin to meet with the Thomas Fitz Gerald the Seventh Earl of Desmond who was now the English appointed Lord Lieutenant in Ireland for Edward 1V the Yorkist King of England and they made a Treaty.

        Teague O Connor who was now the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Ui Conchobhair King of Half - Connacht, who was descended from 115.Cathal Crobhdhearg - of the Wine Red Hand O Connor who had previously been the 58th King of Connacht from the Siol Muireadhach / Sil Murray Sept, died, and his body was interred at Roscommon in Connacht Province.

      Aed Mac Dermot the Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhach Ui Conchobair King of Moylurg who had his kingdom and territory in Co. Roscommon in the east of the Connacht Province, died, and Conor Og - the Younger Mac Dermot, the son of Conor Mac Dermot became the new King of Moylurg.

       Cedach O More / Ua Mordha who was the Garlic Milesian Iran Ui Mordha Ui Laoighis King,  who had their territory in Co. Laois in the mid - north - west of Southern Leinster, died, as did the English Baron, Piers Butler.

    Mor the Heberian Dal gCais Ui Bloid Ui Turlogh daughter of James O Kennedy, and wife of Mac Geoghagan from Co. Westmeath in Northern Leinster, died, and James O Kennedy and Donnell O Kennedy the sons of Brian O Kennedy who had accompanied her there into Moycashel settled there and founded the O Kennedys of Co. Westmeath.  

      Thomas Fitz Gerald the seventh English Earl of Desmond who had by now arrived back in Ireland from England, founded a Franciscan friary at Adare in Co. Limerick in the north - west of the Munster Province were there are still 2 ancient churches, and a Desmond castle was also built there, and he also constructed St. Mary's Collegiate Church on his Estates in Youghal on the east coast of Co. Cork in Southern Munster. (It would also be among the Catholic Institutions later on taken over by the Episcopalian Church of England after the confiscations of Henry VIII.)     

    A  Dominican friary was constructed at Burrishoole in Co. Mayo in the mid - west of the Connacht Province.  

    Thomas Newbury who was the Mayor of Dublin in the English Pale for the ninth time, was also created an English knight and would be Mayor again for the tenth time in 1467.  

   Tomaltach O Gara from the Heberian Cianacht Sept of Sliab Lugha was killed during a night time attack in his territory by Maurice Mac Cormac Mac Dermott Gall and the English Baron, Edmund Costello of the Plain.

1465 AD The Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh / Sil Murray O Connors who had their territory in the Connacht Province were at this time still in great conflict over who now had the real overall authority in the Connacht Province.

     Cormac Laidir - the Strong Mac Carthy the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Chief of Muskerry founded a Franciscan friary on the River Bride at Kilcrea in Co. Cork in Southern Munster. 

   Edward 1V the Norman Yorkist King of England had the Statute passed where ever Irishman within the English Pale in Ireland (Dublin, Louth, Kildare and Meath, in the Leinster Province should anglicize their name from a town / ton, or a colour, with an e at the end, or from their profession, or they were to forfeit their goods for not doing so until all their assets were gone, and these fines to be levied twice a year to the English King himself.  

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