1631 - 1635 AD
1631
AD The
Leabhar Gabhala
(The Book of
Invasions) was compiled by the
Dal Cuinn
''southern'
Ui Fiachrach Aidhne
O Clerys, historians, that lists all of the ancient Irish books used, including the
Book of Ui Congbhail, which is now also lost.
This year the
Eagle Wing
sailed out of Ireland with
Scottish
Presbyterians aboard who were from Groomsport
in
Co. Down
in the south - east of the Ulster Province
who were
heading for a new life in
America.
June 19th: Algerian Pirates
/
Barbary Pirates from the
Berber States carried off
117 people from
Balimore in
Co. Cork
in Southern Munster
to be sold as slaves.
Sir Piers Crosbie an Ascendancy Church of England Land Lord was authorised, to raise a force of 3,500 mercenaries in Ireland, to send to the non - Catholic King of Sweden as another means to try and get them out of Ireland, by the English Lord Justices but the King of Sweden was not enthused about getting a Catholic Irish force to fight for him against the other Catholic Countries and therefore he had no luck in getting one together.
Charles 1st the second French Stuart English King put forward re - introducing the Recusancy Fines for not conforming to the Church of Englan, on the Catholic Irish, as another means of further religious oppression and ultimately gaining further increased revenues.
1632 -1636 AD
Irish History.
The Irish
historians
of Tyrconnell
(The Land of 91.Conall
Gulban.)
who were now based in
Co.
Donegal in the west of the Ulster
Province, lived in the Kilbarron
Castle, but wrote the "History of Ireland" down in the
Donegal Franciscan monastery (that would later on to be destroyed when
under the control of the
English Military forces) and involved in the composition was Michael
O Clery / Tadhg,
Ua Cleirigh
a Franciscan monk,
who
had
previously travelled all over
Ireland
for 15 years seeking out
Irish history
wherever he could find it.
Also involved was his cousin,
Peregrine
/ Cucogry / Cu
Choireriche O
Clery, Fergus
O
Mulcrony
/
Fear Feasa Ua Maol Chonaire and
Peregrine
/ Cucogry / Cuchoigriche
O
Duigenan from
Co. Leitrim
in Northern Connacht and they all became known
as The 4 Masters
and
Michael’s brother,
Conary
O
Clery and
Maurice O
Mulcrony also assisted them to put it all together, with
Tuleagna
from
Co. Roscommon
in the east of the Connacht
Province. They were the
hereditary Irish chroniclers
of the Septs and they also included a manuscript from
650
A.D by
Caimhin / Caimmine who had been the Abbot
at Inis Celtra
(Holy
Island) on Loch Derg who had died in 654 AD, which had
been kept safe for a 1,000
years by the
Mac
Brodys a literary Family Sept who had been attached to
the Dal gCais Ui mBriain in
Thomond / Northern Munster.
Fergal
O
Gara
a
Heberian Cianachta Chief
from
Co. Sligo in the north -
west of Connacht, who was
descended from 85.Cian, a son of
84.Ailill
Oluimm
the Gaelic Milesian
1st King of Munster
also assisted them. (An original copy can still be viewed at the
Royal Irish Academy in
Dublin). Another of the
O
Clerys was to write the
history of the young
Aedh
Ruadh
/
Red Hugh
O
Donnell,
while
Dr.
John Lynch also wrote a
"History of the Defence of the
Irish People."
"The Book of 4 Masters"
was started in 22/01/1632 AD and finished in
10/08/1636 AD.
At this time
live cattle, wool, hides, tallow, butter, linen yarn,
rugs, herrings, pilchards and timber were being exported by the Land Lords from
off of their Estates in Ireland.
Charles
1st
the second Stuart English King
now
appointed his confidante,
Thomas "Black Tom" Wentworth
as
the English Lord Deputy Lieutenant
in Ireland
to increase his revenue base
there, while giving him his utmost assurance that he would back him all the
way no matter what he did, or whoever he was up against while doing so.
(He
also granted him a further
3000
acres in
Co. Clare
in the north - west of the Munster Province and
nearby in
Co. Kildare in
Central Southern Leinster).
Black Tom Wentworth
immediately introduced the previous suggestion of the
English Lord Justices of
increasing the revenues by once again processing Recusancy Fines against the
Catholic Irish
and
Anglo - Irish for not
conforming to
the Church of England.
James Butler
became the
twelfth
English
Earl of Ormonde who had his vast Estates in
the Fitz Patrick kingdom of Ossory in
Co. Kilkenny
in the south - west of
Southern Leinster
until 1688 AD and was a grandson of
Walter Butler the
previous eleventh Earl
of Ormonde, and he had been the
first of the
Butlers to be taken as a
minor and reared as a hardline AScendancy anti - Catholic Episcopalian and he was put in
command of the English Military forces
in Ireland
against the Irish
Septs, and was later
to
become the first English Duke / Marquis of Ormonde,
who would resist all attempts to allow any chance of Catholic Emancipation at all in
Ireland. The English Government
Military
forces
in Ireland now destroyed the Catholic monastery
that had been built on Station
Island during the 6th
and 7th Centuries AD, while endeavouring to try and stop the Catholics
from attending
pilgrimages
to St. Patrick's Purgatory in
Co. Donegal in the west of
the Ulster Province.
Richard Boyle the English first Earl of Cork carried out renovations to the Catholic church at Maynooth in Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster to conduct the first Church of England service there as it was originally constructed by the Catholic Anglo - Irish Fitz Geralds,
1632 AD James Spottiswood the Ascendancy Church of England Bishop of Clogher now closed St. Patrick's Purgatory on the island in Loch Derg in Co. Donegal in the west of the Ulster Province to also try and stop the Catholic pilgrimages there.
1633 AD
The Dominican Priors,
from the Holy Cross Abbey
at Tralee in
Co. Kerry
in the south - west of the Munster Province, who had previously been scattered, were
now somehow physically able to re - establish their order there.
July:
"Black Tom" Wentworth, acting for
Charles1st the Stuart
English King, who was later on to be created Viscount Wentworth and
the Earl Strafford by him arrived into
Ireland as the appointed
English Lord Deputy to further increase the financial position of
the very greedy
Charles 1st, while also increasing his own wealth, by suppressing the Catholic
Irish
and any other Dissenters (Non - Conformists)
to the Ascendancy Episcopalian Church of
England using his
Royalist power over their lives he was able to get the
Catholic Irish
to agree to continue
to pay Charles 1st 20,000 pounds over the
next year, by use of his threat that the
Recusancy Fines against them would be
introduced, while he advised
Charles 1st
not to confirm the
51 Graces
that he had previously promised for the payment of this great sum of money.
The
Ascendancy
Anglo - Irish in the House of Commons in Ireland by now had
256 Members,
which gave them an overall
majority of up to
40
members, and the
Absentee Peerages also had been greatly
increased, which allowed
"Black Tom"" Wentworth the
Ascendancy numbers in the parliament to use their
proxy votes to suite his intended commercial purposes in the financial interest of
Charles 1st and
himself.
Sir William Talbot / Talboid now had possession of Liscarton Castle in Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster.
1634 AD
July 15th:
"Black Tom" Wentworth,
who would become the first English
Earl of Strafford who was the appointed
English Lord Deputy in
Ireland,
for James 1st
called an Ascendancy Anglo - Irish Parliament were he
reduced any representation the
Anglo
- Irish
Catholics
had
by one third, and tried to make the Celtic
custom of multiple marriage illegal, and he also wanted to clear the Treasury's accumulated debt of
100,000 pounds, and to this end
had the Irish Catholic members agree to pay another
20,000 pounds
per year into the revenue,
while
promising once again that another Parliament would confirm the
51 Graces
to give them the rights they should have been entitled to anyway under English
Common Law.
November 4th: The
Anglo - Irish Ascendancy Parliament met again,
and this time they demanded the confirmation of the
51 Graces that had been promised by
Charles 1st, but
once again "Black Tom" Wentworth was able to fob them
off.
November 27th: "Black Tom" Wentworth advised the Ascendancy Anglo - Irish Parliament that they would be given only 10 Graces at the moment, with the rest to be given when Charles 1st was ready to give them, which naturally only upset them further and the Church of England Episcopalians in the Ascendancy Anglo - Irish House of Commons, who were led by Sir Piers Crosbie, the member for Co. Offaly in the mid - north - west of Southern Leinster, was also effected by this promise reversal and was not too happy with "Black Tom" Wentworth who was constantly making more and more enemies in Ireland in the firm belief that Charles 1st would always back him whatever he did and whoever he did it to.
December 3rd: "Black Tom" Wentworth up to his usual tricks during the next session of the Anglo - Irish Parliament put it to the Episcopalians in the Ascendancy Parliament that the problems associated with the confirmation of the 51 Graces were actually being caused by the Catholic Irish, and he would definitely deal with it in the new year.
John Bramhall
was bought in from Yorkshire
in England and was
appointed the
Ascendancy Church of England Bishop of
Derry in the north - west of the Ulster Province,
replacing
Ussher the
previous Church of England
Bishop of
Armagh as
the controller of the Ascendancy Church of
England in
Ireland.
Lord Baltimore
who was now a Catholic
founded Maryland in
America
as a haven for
Catholics this year, and any other
Dissenters
(Non - Conformists)
who were not willing to follow the enforced Episcopalian Church of
England under Charles 1st.
1635 AD January - April: "Black Tom" Wentworth continued to work the Ascendancy Anglo - Irish Parliament, which was now well and truly under his control and he gained a total of a further 6 subsidies, that he was able to get them to increase to 40,000 pounds each, and he still did not have to confirm the 51 Graces and because of his continuing finacial success in Ireland, Charles 1st was able to claim nearly all of the territory in the Connacht Province in opposition to the Anglo - Irish Burkes, on the proposition that Edward IV had inherited it all previously from the de Burghos / Burkes when Lionel the Duke of Clarence, his brother, had married the heiress Elizabeth de Burgho. Many of the Ascendancy Episcopalians in the Anglo - Irish Parliament still did not trust "Black Tom" Wentworth although they had allowed him to fully use their prejudices to achieve his ends against the Catholic Irish who had gained nothing at all, while the Old English / Anglo - Irish were still very much in fear of also losing the land they still held. He dissolved the Ascendancy Parliament in Ireland and let it be known that he was going to also put in foreign Church of England planters in the territories previously taken over in Connacht and he also took on Lord Wilmot the English appointed President in Connacht and Richard Boyle the English first Earl of Cork, who he forced to give up much of the Irish Catholic Church lands that he had already personally acquired in Ireland, and to further break down Richard Boyle's authority he also fined him 15,000 pounds and also had the English Vice - Treasurer in Ireland tried for Mutiny and condemned to death, which was never carried out, but it got rid of him.
February:
"Black Tom" Wentworth fined the
City of London
merchants
70,000
pounds for not carrying out
the terms of their charter when they were previously granted the vast tracks of land in
Ireland, which naturally brought them out against him back in
England also and he banned all raw wool exports, except to
England, and banned any export of
linen, and this too brought him into further conflict
with the
more then determined
Scottish Presbyterian planters
in the
Ulster Province.
August:
"Black Tom" Wentworth was to suffer his first set back when the Grand Jury in Co.
Galway in
the south of Connacht Province ruled
against
Charles 1st's intention
to take over further
territory there,
so
undaunted and due to
his feeling of Royal protection and ongoing overall power
he resorted to using very harsh measures against them to encourage them to change their minds
and
fined the juries there 4,000 pounds each
to be paid into the coffers of Charles 1st for not passing his legislation
when told to and each then gave in to his demands, while
Darcy the Sheriff there was alsom fined 1,000 pounds for
appointing them in the first place and he eventually died in prison and their defending lawyers were also stripped
of their previous positions,
Meanwhile, back in England, Charles 1st the Stuart English King had William Laud his Ascendancy Episcopalian Church of England Archbishop of Canterbury, who was not only anti - Catholic, but also anti - Puritan, to really push home the dogma of their version of the Church of England also in Scotland and Ireland until 1637 AD, where the Episcopalian Church of England adherents were also forced to conform to their particular version of the new form of Church of England worship and he also became the Chancellor of Trinity College where together with William Chappell he was to also reform the Church of England to suite in Ireland, ensuring the use of English forms of worship to especially weed out the Puritans among them. A court of High Commission was also introduced to oversee the restructure of the Church of England, which also upset many of the English landholders in Ireland who had to surrender up their previously confiscated Catholic Irish Church lands together with any church tithes they had since received. Their new 39 Articles of the Church of England that were drawn up by their Archbishop Bancroft there to try and discourage the Puritans in England, was also bought into the Church of England in Ireland, while the Calvinistic Articles of 1615 AD were removed. Henry Leslie, a Scottish Presbyterian minister, was put in as the AScendancy Church of England Bishop of Down & Connor in the Ulster Province, to ensure the Presbyterian Scottish ministers there also conformed to their new Church of England reforms, but many refused to bend, as the Presbyterian religion in the Lowlands of Scotland had also been based on Calvinistic teachings from France, so he removed them from their positions making many new enemies.
November:
William Laud,
also warned
"Black Tom" Wentworth, that although he was
totally in control in
Ireland,
(where he was continuing to increase
Charles 1st's coffers
immensely), that there were now many
complaints being received in England
about the methods he was using to gain more and more of these revenues.