RAINBOW FARMS AUSTRALIA                                                           

                                                                                                                                                        14th Century AD 

                                                                                 The Teutonic Scandinavian Anglo - Norman English now classed the "Mere Irish" as their "Enemies" and the Anglo - Irish / Old English as "Aliens / Rebels."

      Co. Wexford, Co. Wicklow, Co. Kilkenny and Co. Carlow in Southern Leinster, and Co. Meath in the south - east of Northern Leinster were just too close to The English Pale that surrounded Dublin in Co. Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster, while the Anglo - Norman de Clare Earldoms were to be weakened by the division of law, and the Old English / Anglo - Irish who were by now beginning to feel more Irish scrambled for power because of this and there was to be endemic war and associated transgressions as the Engish Galls fled from the Land of War / Irish Septs territories to the Land of Peace / The English Pale surrounding Dublin, and no English legislation made by the English authorities could force them back out into the marches. Frontiers / frontura or gaps appeared between the English Galls who had been planted in the Irish Septs territories and those that were still beyond their grasp in the remaining Irish territories, where the Irish Septs were viewed as their "Enemies, and this was especially so in the English Gall confiscated Estates and the land held by the English Absentees themselves. Despite this because of The English Pale's proximity to the nearest Irish Counties surrounding The English Pale, such as Co. Tipperary in the north - east of the Munster Province where to be continued to be held by the English, while in the south of Co. Tipperary and the adjacent region nearby in Co. Kilkenny, the various English confiscations and plantations carried out previously maintained the status quo because of the vast numbers of English planters who were still there on those particular confiscated Irish lands.

     Out of the continual turmoil and disruption to the Irish Brehon Law originally by the Vikings and since by the English Galls new Gaelic Milesian Irish dynasties were to arise this Century, such as the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch Maguires in Co. Fermanagh in the south - west of the Ulster Province, and their close kinsmen, the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch Mac Mahons in Co. Monaghan in Southern Ulster. The O Ciassarts / Ui Ciassart who were a Sept / Family branch around 1302 AD continued to still have their territory around Co. Derry in Northern Ulster due to the inability of the English Galls / foreigners to be able to penetrate further into there, and as a result they had continued to hold out in their regions. The Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain O Canes / Kanes / Ui Cahans also still had therir territory in the north - east of the Co. Derry region, and the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern"" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill O Dohertys, who were situated at Inishowen were also still going strong there. The Teutonic Scandinavian Anglo - Norman de Courcys were surviving to hold onto to the Irish territory that they had previously confiscated on the coastal region in Ulster, and the Anglo - Norman Bysets were still the Lords of the Glens of Antrim in Co. Antrim there, while the Anglo - Norman Savages were the Lords of the Ards, and the Anglo - Norman de Mandevilles were the Lords of the Route also in the north of Co. Antrim where they had by now also taken up using the Gaelic Brehon Law and had also changed their name to the Gaelic name of Mac Quillan (Descended from a son of Ugolin de Mandeville).

     Edward 1st "Longshanks" - the Hammer of the Scots"who was to be the fifth Plantagenet Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England, from 1272 AD - 1307 AD, was to besiege Scotland again, and the English appointed Earl and many of the English Galls / foreigners in Ireland, and previously forced Gael Septs, went in a fleet to join him and they were to conquer Scotland this time around.

     The de Berminghams who were originally Teutonic Scandinavian Anglo - Norman Marcher Barons had constructed 4 Castles, in Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster, against the Irish Septs there all in sight of each other at Carbery, Mylerstown, Kinnaford, and Carrick, but they too were also to eventually Gallicize their surname to Mac Feorais (Descended from a Son of Piers), which was later on also anglicized as Corish.  

      Turlough O Brian the Heberian Dalcassian Ui mBriain King of Northern Munster / Thomond, died, and was interred in the Ennis Abbey, and his son Donough O Brian became the new King of Northern Munster / Thomond, and together with his kinsman, Donnell / Domhnall Bawn O Brian he was to attack Thomas de Clare the Teutonic Scandinavian Anglo - Norman English Baron and his Irish allies in Co. Clare on many occasions during the following years as Thomas de Clare was to constantly be attempting to take over the overall territory in Co. Clare while making great use of his persuasive "switching" power. For 31 years he would continue to take any opportunity, when it arose, due to the disruptions to the Irish Brehon Law, of putting the Irish Heberian Dal gCais Septs up against each other in their individual struggles to gain overall authority of their particular Sept under the aggressive English rule. On one important particular occasion those who were then the main Heberian Dal gCais Sept were to be defeated at Dysert O Dea in Co. Clare by another of their own kinsman, Murtough O Brian who was also vying within four generations for overall authority within the Sept. 

1301 AD The Anglo - Norman English King Edward 1st's son, the future Edward 11 was created the first ever Teutonic Scandinavian English Norman Prince of Wales. 

1302 AD January: Robert - the Bruce and the other Scottish nobles signed a truce of fealty again with Edward 1st "Longshanks" the Tuetonic Norman English King, and Robert - the Bruce who was the Earl of Carrick then married Elizabeth de Burgh / Burke the daughter of De Burgh / Burke the Tuetonic Scandinavian Anglo - Norman Earl of Ulster in Ireland, and they produced 4 children.

1303 AD Edward 1st "Longshanks" the Teutonic Norman English King invaded Scotland again and defeated their forces.

1303 AD - 1373 AD The Order of Catholic Nuns known as the Brigitines were founded by St. Bridget of Sweden.

1304 AD All of the Scottish nobles except for William Wallace submitted to Edward 1st "Longshanks" the Teutonic Norman English King, again, and there was now total English rule in Scotland.

1305 AD William Wallace who was of Celtic Brython descent was betrayed and captured in Scotland and then humiliated and executed by dismembering his body in England.

1306 AD February: John Comyn, who was another Teutonic Scandinavian Anglo - Norman Baron, who was superior to Robert - the Bruce and much more trusted in Scotland was stabbed by Robert - the Bruce during an argument in the Church of Grey Friars in Dumfries, who then fled the scene, and after he told his supporters what he had done 2 of them went back to finish off John Comyn. Robert - the Bruce realising there was no turning back now besieged John Comyn's family in their territory in Southern Scotland, and then confessed what he had done to the Catholic Bishop of Glasgow who gave him absolution.

March: Robert - the Bruce the Earl of Carrick was to become the second Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of Scotland until 1329 AD, after he was inaugurated at Scone and was was the oldest son of Robert de Brus the sixth Earl of Annandale and Marjorie the Countess of Carrick, and he was also a fourth generation maternal great - grandson of David 1st. Scotland was now plunged into Civil War as the Comyn / Cumming (Douglas) family opposed him, and Edward 1st "Longshanks" the Norman King of England supported the Comyn's family and had Pope Clement V excommunicate him for the murder of John Comyn and he then lost 2  following battles, including the Battle of Methven, where he was totally defeated. His wife, Elizabeth de Burg was imprisoned in Yorkshire and Robert - the Bruce now a fugitive went into hiding on Rathlin Island off the coast of the Ulster Province in Ireland.  

1307 AD February: Robert - the Bruce returned to Scotland and with only 600 men and defeated 3,000 English forces at Loudon Hill In England, continuing a successful guerrilla campaign in Southern Scotland.

July: Edward 1st "Longshanks" who was 6'2'' and the Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England, died near Solway Firth, and his and Eleanor of Castile's son, Edward 11 was to become the new Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman fifth Plantagenet King of England until 1327 AD, who married Isabella the daughter of Phillip the King of France, whose 3 brothers were to also become Kings of France. (They were to produce 2 sons, including the future Edward 111 and 2 daughters).

1308 AD May: Robert - the Bruce besieged Buchan in Scotland killing every member of the Comyn family he could find, and also captured Aberdeen wiping out the English garrison there, and then the Dunstaffnage Castle, which was the last stronghold of the Comyns, and he then held a Scottish Parliament at St. Modan's Priory at Ardchattan.

      Clement V the Pope takes up residence in Avignon in France and the future Popes would remain there also instead of Rome until 1377 AD and this allowed greater French pressure on the Papacy with the Knight Templars who were a Catholic Christian sect suppressed in France by Clement V under pressure from Philip 1V the King of France.

1308 AD - 1314 AD The Knight Templars who were a Catholic Christian sect were also suppressed during this period in England under Edward 11 the Tuetonic Scandivian Norman English King of England.

    Duns Scotus / Erigena the noted Irish scholastic philosopher and theologian, died this year.

1310 AD Edward 11 the Teutonic Norman King of England crossed the Scottish border seeking out Robert - the Bruce who avoided any confrontation with him, and only devastated any of the land and crops before him, and he went back to England and Robert - the Bruce then crossed over into England and besieged Northumberland, and captured any of the castles in Scotland who were against him, one by one, until there was only Sterling Castle still holding out.

1312 AD Piers Gaveston an English knight, who was a close personal friend of Edward 11 the Teutonic King of England, who had killed Dermot O Dempsey / Ua Dimusaigh from the Heremonian Cu Corb Clann Malier in Southern Leinster in Ireland, was now done away with by those in England who saw him as a threat to the overall Kingship of England.

1314 AD June: Edward 11 the Teutonic Norman King of England was determined to raise a siege on Sterling Castle and the Battle of Bannockburn then occurred to the north of Falkirk in which a 20,000 English force composed of 500 knights, 2,000 mounted horsemen, 3,000 Welsh bowmen and 15,000 foot - soldiers under Edward 11 were defeated by 7,000 Scots, that included  500 horsemen, 5,000 spearman with 12' spears who were from both the Highlands and the Lowlands, while others were  from the Western Isles. The Scottish forces came out of the forest at Torwood led by Robert - the Bruce and during the battle the Teutonic Anglo - Norman Earl of Gloucester, another 34 English Earls and 200 of the English knights were to be among those killed, while another 100 knights were captured for ransom. The Clanns who were represented there in this battle were Camerons, Campbells, Chisholms, Frasers, Gordons, Grants, Gunns, Mac Kays, Mac Intoshs, Mac Phersons, Mac  Quaries, Mac Leans, Mac Donalds, Mac Farlanes, Mac Gregors, Mac Kenzies, Menzies, Munro, Robertson, Ross, Sinclair / St. Clair and Sutherland.

1316 AD Robert - the Bruce took an expeditionary force to Ireland and there was also a rumour that Robert - the Bruce would free Wales from English domination and a Welsh rebellion rose up under Llywelyn Bren, and Edward 11 the Anglo - Norman King of England was now wary of his own Welsh bowmen and Robert - the Bruce's brother, Edward Bruce also declared himself the King of Ireland and for the next 200 years overall English authority in Ireland would decline.

1318 AD Edward Bruce was defeated in the battle of Dundalk in Ireland and killed. 

1320 AD: Independence was declared in Scotland in the Declaration of Arbroath, which was sent to Pope John XX11 to arrange a truce with England under Edward 11 the Teutonic Norman King of England.

1322 AD In a sign of things to come Edward 11 the Anglo - Norman King of England defeated his kinsman, Thomas of Lancaster in the Battle of Boroughbridge.

1326 AD The first Scottish Parliament was held at Cambuskenneth in Scotland.

 1327 AD Edward 11 the Anglo - Norman King of England agreed to abdicate, and he was deposed and murdered much later on at Berkeley Castle, and his young son, Edward 111 was to become the sixth Anglo - Norman Plantagenet King, at 14, years of age, who was a son of Isabella of France who acted as his Regent along with Roger Mortimer. 

1328 AD Edward 111 married Phillippa of Hainault and they were to eventually produce 13 children. Edward 111 acknowledged Robert 1st - the Bruce as the King of Scotland and a 13 year Truce was agreed between them. March: The Treaty of Edinburgh - Northampton was signed with Edward 111 the Norman King of England renouncing all claims to Scotland and a marriage was arranged in July between Robert - the Bruce's 4 year old son, David 11 and Edward 111's 7 year old sister, Joan / Joanna "Makepeace" - of the Tower to unite England and Scotland. Robert 1st - the Bruce the King of Scotland also died this year.

1329 AD David 11 de Bruce the 5 year old son of Robert 1st - the Bruce became the Anglo - Norman King of Scotland until 1371 AD.

1330 AD Edward 111 the Norman King of England exiled his own mother and executed Roger Mortimer for what had happened to his father, Edward 11.

1332 AD The Earl of Mar who was the Scottish Regent for David 11 the young King of Scotland was killed in the Battle of Dupplin, and Edward Baliol was to become the new King of Scotland.

1333 AD Edward Baliol invaded Scotland again. David 11 the 9 year old son of Robert 1st - the Bruce and the 11 year old Joanna the daughter of Edward 11 the Norman King of England were sent to France for 8 years into exile while Edward Balliol was to be the King of Scotland and Edward 111 the Norman English King of England defeated the Scots in the Battle of Halidon Hill.

1335 AD Edward 111 the Norman King of England invaded Scotland again.

1338 AD The Hundred Years War begins between England and France, as Phillip V1 the King of France confiscated Aquitaine and Ponthieu in France, and Edward 111 invaded France.

1339 AD Edward Baliol the King of Scotland was driven out of Scotland.   

1340 AD Edward 111 the Norman King of England had a Naval victory over France, and assumed the title of King of France.  

      John of Gaunt / Ghent (his birthplace) who was the third son of Edward 111 was born this year who would die in 1399 AD as the progenitor of the Yorkists / Edward 1V and the Usurper Lancasters / Henry 1V Bolingbroke who would create the "War of the Roses" between them.    

1341 AD David 11 de Bruce the Norman King of Scotland returned to Scotland to rule in his own right after his supporters had been victorious there.

1346 AD David 11 de Bruce the Norman King of Scotland invaded England and was defeated in the Battle of Neville's Cross and was captured and held in England for 11 years. Edward 111 the Norman King of England with his son,

        Edward the Black Prince and 15,000 men invaded Normandy in the Battle of Crecy defeating Philip V1 the King of France and was to gain Calais back.

      The Black Death (Plague) now appeared in China and Mongolia.

1347 AD The English forces in France re - captured Calais.

  October: Geonese sailors from Caffa on the Black Sea reached Messina in Italy bringing with them the Black Death, and as they were to escape onto the land there they were to spread the 3 fatal diseases, the Bubonic Plague where it took 3 days to die, the Pneumonic Plague, and Blood Poisoning, which took only 1 day to die, and within 3 years one third of all the population of Europe was to be wiped out completely.

1348 AD Black Plagues again, occurred in Italy.

1349 AD Black Plague reaches England and 900,000 died.

      The Jews were by now being persecuted in Germany.

1350 AD Black Death appeared in Scotland.   

1351 AD Statute of Labourers in England attempting to regulate wages for the common man after the various Plagues created demand for their services.

1353 AD Statute of Praemunire to place restrictions on the Pope's authority in England.

1356 AD Edward 111's son, the Black Prince, in the  Battle of Poitiers defeated and captured John 11 the King of France, and Aquitaine was re - instated to the English monarchy.

     Edward 111 the Norman King of England burnt every town and village in Lothian in Southern Scotland.

 1357 AD David 11 de Bruce the Norman King of Scotland was released under the Treaty of Berwick upon Tweed for a ransom of 100,000 marks of which only part was handed over, as he also agreed to make Edward 111 his heir.

1361 AD - 1362 AD The Black Plague appeared again.

1362 AD English became the "official language" in England.

1363 AD Robert Stewart who was the Regent in Scotland suspected the young David 11 of sectetely making Edward 111 the King of England his heir and he carried out a revolt against it.

1364 John 11 the King of France died in captivity, and Charles V the new French King now drove the English out of most of France.

1368 AD The Statute of Kilkenny was passed by the English authorities under the direction of Edward 111, in Co. Kilkenny in Southern Leinster in Ireland intending to suppress "All things Irish" in Ireland.

1369 AD The Black Plague, appeared again.

      Charles V the King of France declared War on England and was to recover most of their territory in France, and only Calais was left in Edward 111's hands.

1370 AD Edward 111's continuing heavy taxes on the people were being condemned.

1371 AD David 11 de Bruce the Norman King of Scotland, died in Edinburgh Castle leaving no heir.

      March: Robert 11, a former Regent and supporter of David 11 during his exile, became the first Stewart / Stuart King of Scotland until 1390 AD, who was a son of Walter Stewart and his sister, Marjorie Bruce, the daughter of Robert 1st - the Bruce."

1371 AD Edward 111's son the Black Prince's oldest son, also Edward died this year ?

1376 AD Edward 111's oldest son, the Black Prince, died this year, leaving his younger brother, John of Gaunt in line for the Anglo - Norman Kingship of England, but Edward 111 instead named his grandson the Black Prince's second son, Richard as the future Richard 11 of York instead.

1377 AD Edward 111, died, and Richard 11 of York became the seventh Anglo - Norman Plantagenet King of England, until 1399 AD, when he was only aged 10 years, who was the second son of Edward the Black Prince and Joan the Countess of Kent, but the real power was with the English Royal Council.

1380 AD John Wycliffe attacks the Roman Catholic doctrine on Holy Communion.

1381 AD The Black Plague occurred again and there was a Peasants Revolt under Wat Tyler who was subsequently killed for his efforts.

    Richard 11 of York banished his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke a Lancaster and the Earl of Derby and in 1399 AD John of Gaunt was to die and Richard 11 of York was to confiscate all of his Estates in Lancaster and ,carry out a campaign in Ireland in May, and Henry Bolingbroke a Lancaster a descendant of John of Gaunt then invaded England in June to regain his father's Estates there, and Richard 11 was to abdicate and was to die in 1400 AD under very mysterious circumstances and Henry Bolingbroke was to then become the Usurper Henry 1V the first Norman Lancaster King of England..

1383 AD Owain Glyn Dwr / Owen Glyndwr who was of Welsh - Anglo origins was one of 6 children of Gruffydd Fychan 11 and his wife, Elen ferch Tomas, the son of Llywelyn, and his family had their territory in the Welsh Marches in the north of Wales and his father had died when he had been 16 year of age and he had been sent to London to study Law, and this year he returned to Wales and married Margaret Hanmer and became the Squire of Sycharth and Glyndyfrdwy and was involved in a territory dispute with the Anglo - Norman Earl Grey de Ruthyn and Richard 11 of York the King of England found for Owain Glyndwr.

1384 AD This year, Owain Glyndwr joined Richard 11 the King of England's army and served along the English - Scottish border and the following year fought in France, Scotland and England. 

1387 AD Owain Glyndwr returned to Wales and served as a Squire to Henry Bolingbroke, the future Usurper, Henry 1V the first Norman Lancaster King of England, in the Battle of Radcot Bridge. 

1386 AD Charles V1 the King of France declared War on England.

1388 AD The Battle of Otterburn occurred where the Scots defeated the English under Sir Henry Percy / Hotspur.

1389 AD The Scottish Parliament appointed Robert Stewart the Earl of Fife, who was the second son of Robert 11 the King of Scotland as his heir.

1390 AD Robert 11 the King of Scotland died at Dundonald, and his second son was to become Robert 111 the second Stewart King of Scotland until 1406 AD with the Duke of Albany acting as his Regent.

 1391 AD The Jews were now massacred in Spain. 

1393 AD The Great Statute of Praemunire passed  in England.

1396 AD Conflict between the Clan Chattan and the Mac Kays at the North Inch in Scotland.

1399 AD Richard 111 of York the Anglo - Norman King of England was forced to resign, and was later to die in prison, and Henry Bolingbroke the Usurper became the first Lancaster and the Anglo - Norman eighth Plantagenet King of England until 1413 AD, who was a son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster who was his cousin and he was to marry Mary de Bohun.

1400 AD The Black Plague occurred again. There was also rebellion in Wales under Owen Glendower / Owain Glyndwr who Henry 1V had also recently ruled against in his previous territorial land dispute, with the Norman Earl Grey de Ruthyn who had also not informed him of a Royal Summons to join in the Scottish campaign, and because of this he had since been declared a traitor by Henry 1V and his territory was forfeited and Earl de Grey was then made Henry 1V's agent in Wales. September 16th: Owain Glyndwr was proclaimed the real "official" Prince of Wales by his Welsh followers on the banks of the River Dee at Carrog and a revolt was to spread throughout Wales until 1413 AD for Welsh independence.

    Carthusian monks set up in London at the Charterhouse under Thomas Sutton.

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