1596 - 1599 AD 

1596 AD The Mac Carthy Mor - the Greater, died, who was to be the first and last English appointed Earl of Clan Carty, and all of his remaining Irish territory was also confiscated by Elizabeth 1st the Welsh Tudor English Queen and further foreign English Ascendancy Episcopalian  "planters" were put in to his territory, and he was to be the last  surviving Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil overall Chieftain in the south of the Munster Province, and Donnell Cam O Sullivan who was now The O Sullivan Beare, the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Chieftain who had his own kingdom and territory there in Co. Cork had been subject to his overall authority under the Irish Brehon Law, and as he was also a close neighbour, along with all of the other Irish Chieftains who were still surviving in the Munster Province, he now had a lot more responsibility to worry about.

June 22nd: King Philip 11 of Spain, informed 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / The O Niall that he would now assist him to drive the English out of Ireland, to reintroduce freedom of religion, and retain their Celtic way of life, while the Irish Chieftains in the Ulster Province, attempting to end the ongoing ethnic and sectarian persecution carried out by Elizabeth 1st  the Welsh Tudor English Queen, made one last combined desperate call on her, to at least allow freedom of religion, and to stop harassing the Catholic clergy, but to no avail.

      Donough O Brien, the English appointed fourth English Earl of Thomond, who was by now completely lost to the Irish cause, once again assisted Sir Richard  Bingham, the English officious Governor set up in Connacht  against the robust resistance of the Anglo - Irish Burkes there.

    The O Haras who were now the Heberian Cianacht Chieftains of East and West Leyney in Co. Sligo in the Connacht Province, who were now also to continue to remain independent down to the time of the Oliver Cromwell massacres. joined up with Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell / The O Donnell and the Anglo - Irish Theobold Burke on the banks of the River Robe / Ballinrobe in Co. Mayo there in Connacht.

     Dunkeron Castle was constructed this year, by The O Sullivan Mor - the Greater, the Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Chief, who had his territory at Little Nest / Neidin near Kenmare in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province where the ruins of the O Sullivan Cappanacrushy Castle is also still there to be seen nearby.

1597 AD A 3 pronged attack was launched by the English Military forces against the Ulster Province, which were all repulsed by the combined forces of 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / The O Niaill and Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell / The O Donnell. while Donough O Brien, the English appointed fourth Earl of Thomond, who was now completely lost to the Irish cause, again assisted Sir Richard Bingham, the English officious Governor of Connacht, against the Anglo - Irish Burkes in the Connacht Province, and he was combined with the other O Brien who was now also the appointed English Baron of Inchiquin. They also went further to the north of Connacht, and laid siege to Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell /The O Donnell the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel Conaill Chieftain and his Castle at Bally Shannon / Belashanny in Co. Donegal in the north - west of the Ulster Province, where they crossed over the River Erne there, and where O Brien the English appointed Baron of Inchiquin was to be killed in the battle who was later interred in the Cistercian Assaroe Abbey, and Sir Richard  Bingham's English Military forces were defeated there. Bingham retreated back across the River Erne, leaving all of his English artillery pieces behind and Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell / The O Donnell was to make use of these armaments while his ally 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / The O Niaill kept the English Military forces at bay near the River Blackwater and the Irish forces also won another battle further to the south at the Tyrrell Pass in Co. Westmeath in the south - west of Northern Leinster. (The ruins of the original Anglo - Irish Tyrrell's / Tirial stronghold is still there to be seen today).

      The dominance of the Anglo - Irish Fitz Geralds of Kildare in Central Southern Leinster, and that of their kinsmen, the Anglo - Irish Fitz Geralds of Desmond in the south of the Munster Province, had by now been well and truly done away with, previously under Henry V111 and now his daughter, Elizabeth 1st  the Welsh Tudor English Queen, which previously had ensured their greater control over most of Ireland, while the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Niaill Septs, who were under the control of 126.Aodh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall /The O Niall and Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell /The O Donnell in the Ulster Province, were now all that was left of the actual Mere Irish leadership in Ireland. Only these two Gaelic Ulster Chieftains now stood between the unending ethnic and sectarian oppression of Elizabeth1st and her "Slash and Burn" policies in Ireland, and the total obliteration of all of the remaining Gaelic Irish Septs and their way of life and the English authorities in the Dublin Castle (The Devil's 1/2 acre), now tried to remove any further chance of support for the Ulster Chieftains, from any of their other Irish and Anglo - Irish allies, by holding negotiations for a peaceful solution with those who they had also offended who they still had under their control.

1598 AD Sir Henry Bagenal, the English Chief Marshal for Elizabeth 1st  the Welsh Tudor English Queen in Ireland, now totally controlled The English Pale, which at this time extended from Dundalk in Co. Louth in the north - east of Northern Leinster, down to Dublin in the north - east of Southern Leinster, and he was instructed by her to relieve the English fortress on the banks of the River Blackwater under siege in the Ulster Province and to add to his woes 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall /The O Niall the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain Ulster Chieftain, who was now a widower, had since further antagonized him by eloping with his sister, Mabel Bagenal, which had upset him no end.     

August: 126.Aodh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / The O Niall and Aodh Dubh / Red Hugh O Donnell  / The O Donnell who were besieging the English fortress on the River Blackwater in Co. Armagh in the south - east of the Ulster Province, were victorious in the conflict there known as the Battle of the Yellow Ford / Bel an Atha Buidhe, which was situated only 2 mile out of Armagh, were they completely defeated the English Military forces under the command of Sir Henry Bagenal who had 4,000 foot soldiers and 300 horsemen. Sir Henry Bagenal who was now 126.Aed Dubh O Niall's new reluctant brother - in - law, and Elizabeth 1st's appointed English Chief Marshall in Ireland. was also killed in the battle, along with 23 of his English commanders, and 2,500 of his men, and 34 English Banners, together with their English artillery and supplies that were also captured by the combined Irish forces. The English Military forces, in this particular conflict, had suffered the heaviest defeat ever in Ireland, while the Irish had allowed the defenders of the fort, to also leave unmolested, with only 200 Irish killed, and 600 wounded, which further encouraged all of the other aligned Irish Septs and their Families in Ireland, to now rally to 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall's cause of bringing about Irish freedom, against the never ending ethnic and sectarian oppression of the English Dublin Castle authorities under the orders of Elizabeth 1st the Welsh Tudor English Queen, and to try and rid Ireland, once and for all, of their overbearing presence. 

October: The Fitz Gerald's Desmond Kilcoman Castle, in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province, was burnt down.

    John Oge - the Younger Mac Coghlan the last Heberian Dal gCais Prince of Delvin in Co. Offaly was now also in an alliance with 126.Aodh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / the O Niaill the Heremonian Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niall Cenel nEogain King of Ulster to drive the English out of Ireland. 

      Philip 11 the King of Spain, died, and his son, Philip 111, was in as the new Spanish King, and he also promised further assistance to the Irish Septs against the English ethnic and sectarian oppression under Elizabeth 1st  the Welsh Tudor English Queen who was to now send her particular favourite, Sir Robert Devereux the second English Earl of Essex with a further 20,000 English Military force to crush the Irish Septs altogether, and to totally takeover the governance of Ireland for her, by absolutely doing away with any further Irish resistance, by any means that he desired to use.

1599 AD Edmund Spencer, died, in London, as a pauper, and his descendants were to eventually come back to live in Ireland until the late 18th Century AD, including John Spencer, who was to eventually have his throat cut by his live - in house keeper on the day he was to marry another woman, and over time many of his descendants also became Anglo - Irish Catholics.

     Sir Robert Devereux, the English second Earl of Essex, arrived into Dublin as the English Lord Lieutenant, with a further 20,000 English Military force, and at first went about subduing the Irish and the Anglo - Irish in the Munster Province, to the south - west of The English Pale and he then headed north into the Ulster Province, where he was to come up against the Irish forces of 126.Aodh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / The O Niall at the Ford of Annaclint on the border of Co. Monaghan in Southern Ulster. After many terrible battles along the way, against the guerrilla resistance carried out by the Irish Septs, and the lack of any further Military support coming from England, he was forced into a meeting with 126.Aodh Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall. He convinced him to make a truce with him and he then returned to England, without seeking the authority of Elizabeth 1st  the Welsh Tudor English Queen, to inquire why she had not provided him with the further support he needed to fully take over Ireland, and on arriving in England he was to prove to be more popular among the common folk then Elizabeth 1st, who then saw him as a threat to her position, and subsequently, he too, was to become another of her victims. when she was later to try him for Treason, and cut off his head also.

     Elizabeth 1st  the Welsh Tudor English Queen, with her anti - Irish Catholic edicts in Ireland, had tried to ensure that all the Irish and Anglo - Irish were to become members of the Ascendancy Episcopalian Church of England / Ireland, or else, as this was the only condition she allowed in Ireland, to obtain any chance of gaining positions in Public Life or any chance of ever owning or controlling any of their own Irish territory again, while The English Pale, known by this time as the "Obedient Shires," ran along the east coast in the Leinster Province from Dundalk in the north to just below Dublin in the south still, and over the following two Centuries, the introduced Ascendancy Episcopalian English "planters" were to be made use of to try to widen out these perimeters, which were to force many of the Mere Irish in the outer regions there, to also progress towards Dublin, were they became known generically as Irish Conchies.    

      Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell / The O Donnel and Brian Oge - the Younger O Rourke / The O Rourke in the last notable Irish victory, before the coming Battle of Kinsale, were to kill Sir Conyers Clifford the new English appointed Governor in the Connacht Province, in the Curlieu Mountains at Ballaghboy / Ballinfad in Co. Sligo in the north - west of Connacht and they cut off his head, and had it delivered to the leader of the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Ui Conchobair O Connors there in Connacht, at his castle at Collooney as he was the The O Connor at this time  and had also gone over to the English side, while endeavouring to survive, and was collaborating with them by holding out against the Irish forces, by keeping his castle for the English foreigners only. Both of these Ulster Irish Chieftains, were hoping that this drastic action, would be enough to convince him to surrender it up to the Irish cause instead. The main Sept of the O Connors, who were from the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Ui Briuin Ai Siol Muireadhaigh Ui Conchobhair Clann, who were originally descendents of 90.Brion the first Heremonian Dal Cuinn King of Connacht, were previously held in high esteem in Ireland, as they had also produced the last real outright King of Ireland before the Anglo - Normans appeared. (From now on they were never to regain the position they had previously held in Ireland.) Aed Ruadh / Red Hugh O Donnell / The O Donnell, then split his Irish forces into 3 divisions at the border, and laid siege to the north and north - eastern parts of Co. Clare in the north - west of the Munster Province, and during the conflict carried off the poet, Maolin Oge Mac Brody's / Maolin Og Mac Bruaideadha cattle and later restored them to him intending to also send the same message to Donough O Brien the English appointed fourth Earl of Thomond, for also abandoning his own Irish Heberian Dal gCais people in his territory there in Thomond. Sir John Chichester, who was also the English commander for Elizabeth 1st, in the Ulster Province was also defeated this year in the Old Mill Glen by the Mac Donnells / Mac Donalds of the Glynns, the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Colla Uais Clann from Antrim, at Ballycarry / Bale Cora in Co. Antrim in the north - east. He too had been sent by Elizabeth 1st  the Welsh Tudor English Queen with Sir Francis Drake, to also bring Ulster under her control, and after he was to kill 100 people there, sparing no person or thing, during her "Slash and Burn / Scorched Earth" policy, he too was killed there, and interred in a tomb in St. Nicholas' church. 

September: During this month, Elizabeth 1st, the Welsh Tudor English Queen, had Sir Robert Devereux, her previous lover, and the second English Earl of Essex, who had since been held prisoner in the Tower of London, executed, by beheading as he had been replaced in his previous position, as the English Lord Lieutenant in Ireland, by Sir Charles Blount / Lord Mountjoy, who was to be more severe and methodical in carrying out her policy of "Slash and Burn / Scorched Earth" policy in Ireland, no matter what it takes to defeat 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall / The O Niall in the Ulster Province. He was to let nothing, or no one, stand in his way, Irish women, Irish children, their stock, their property, whatever it took, was now to be subject to this dreadful inhumane policy as he first began his campaign in Ulster by building forts in Co. Derry in the north - east and elsewhere, to try and and keep 126.Aed Dubh / Black Hugh O Niall wholly within Ulster itself, so as to cut off any chance of him receiving any further assistance from any of the other Irish Septs from the southern parts of Ireland.

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