RAINBOW FARMS AUSTRALIA
11th Century AD
During this
Century,
Ireland
was known as
Scotia.
The Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Lughaidh Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge Tuatha / Family regions in Southern Leinster would by this time be well and truly feeling the crunch of being weakened considerably by the previous Centuries of battle for supremacy in Ireland against their kinsmen the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn Ui Niaill Septs, and also the Tuetonic Scandinavian Vikings who now had settlements nearby mainly along the eastern coastal regions of Ireland. The Cu Corb Septs in Southern Leinster, due to the ongoing Viking attacks, were also to be defeated by their closer kinsmen in the Heremonian Ui Laoghaire Ui Connla Kingdom of Ossory in Co. Kilkenny in the south - west of Southern Leinster, whose territory actually created a buffer zone between the Munster Province and Southern Leinster in ancient Mogha's Half. (The emerging kingdom of Ossory, due to these ongoing Viking attacks from the nearby coastal regions, was to now also be capable of escaping the over lordship of the Heberian Septs in Munster, and endeavour also to become Kings of Leinster in their own right). Although all of the Gaelic Heremonian Septs in Southern Leinster were always under attack, either from the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn Ui Niaill, the Heberian Eoghanachta, the Heberian Dal gCais, the Septs of Ulster Province, and the Vikings, (similar to the two Gaelic Milesian Ulaid Septs who were feeling the pinch in the east coast of Ulster), but they were more genetically united. There was only the Gaelic Milesian Irian Ui Loigis Sept who had their territory in Co. Offaly in the north - west of Southern Leinster, and the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Fothairt Sept settled among the Cu Corb Septs s vassal Septs, who were not Cu Corb Septs themselves. (The Heremonian Fotharta Mara had their kingdom in the far south - east of Southern Leinster and their kinsmen the Heremonian Fotharta Fea were on the River Slaney in Co. Wexford and Co. Carlow. They were also to be found around Kildare in Co. Kildare in Central Southern Leinster where St. Bridget had been from their particular Sept, and where their territory was situated near the Cu Corb Ui Bairrche Sept who were descended from 91.Daire Barrach, who had been another of the 9 sons of *90.Caher / Cathair Mor the 109th King of Tara / Ireland to leave aristocratic warrior issue. (The Ui Bairrche had been an important Sept during the 6th - 7th Centuries AD). (At one time Cormac mac Dermot / mac Diarmata from the Cu Corb Ui Bairrche Sept was the King of Southern Leinster, and 99.Columb / Colman mac Cormaic from the Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig Sept was the King of Northern Leinster. The fortunes of the Cu Corb Ui Cheinnselaig / Cinnsela Sept would now also be on the rise once again this Century, as opposed to their close kinsmen the Cu Corb Ui Dunlainge Sept who had previously for a long time been the most pre - dominant Cu Corb Sept in Southern Leinster.
The Heremonian
Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal
Cuinn "northern"
Ui Niaill Cenel nEogain
Sept
in the Ulster Province
who were
descended from 91.Eogan the
1st King of Ailech
there
were to evolve not only into the main Septs of the O Nialls
/ O Neills
and
Mac Loughlins, but also the
O Kanes
/
Ui
Cathain, the
O Hagans
/ Ui hAgain
and
the
O
Gormleys
/ Ui Goirmleadhaigh
who were all to be descended through
91.Eogain
and his descendant *103.Niall
Glun Dubh - of the Black Knee the
previous
170th King of Ireland who had been slain by the
Tuetonic Scandinavian Vikings in battle in 919 AD in Dublin.
*105.Brian
Boru
- of the Tributes
who was the Heberian Dal gCais
King
of Northern Munster /
Thomond and
41st
King
of Cashel / Munster in
Mogha's Half / Southern Ireland was also to revive the boroimhe
/ tribute from the
Heremonian Cu Corb
Southern Leinster
Septs
because they had continued to adhere to the
Teutonic Scandinavian Danish
Viking cause, mainly due to the many Viking settlements that were situated
nearby along their eastern
coastline and the
Viking culture, which had remained
foreign to the Irish Septs up until now, had only always had a destructive impact on
the Septs in
Ireland, as their warfare was more
savage and less discriminating in regard to their victims. The ongoing turmoil
because of their attacks had
by now conditioned many of the
Celtic
Gaelic Milesian
Irish Septs to abandon their traditional
respect for Holy Places and
the tenets of the Brehon Law, as there was now a constant struggle
for the "survival of the fittest" for
total Overlordship
to try and counteract the Viking onslaught. (Despite the terrible impacts that
had been created by this turmoil, only
50 odd Norse words were
ever to infringe into the Gaelic Irish
language).
One positive
During this
Century and the next, the Celtic
Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh
Ui Felim Dal
Cuinn Colla Da Crioch Ui Cremthainn Sept
who had their territory in
Central Ulster, under the leadership of
the Colla Da Crioch
O Carrolls /
Ui Cerbaill
were to either push,
or be pushed southwards towards the
River Boyne, enveloping the territory of
their kinsmen the
Colla Da Crioch
Ui Muirtheimne Sept in
the
south - east of the Ulster Province,
and what was by now the "northern" Ui Niaill
Cenel nEogain sub
- kingdom of
Fir Arda Cianachta, and from
now on many
of the O Carrolls were to become
the
Kings
of
Orghialla / Airghialla
/
Oriel there.
This Century
was to also see the
introduction of Irish
"surnames" following on from any one
outstanding overall leader of a
Sept / Family branch, which then allowed a much simpler
genealogy for following Family names,
such as those taken up by the
Eoghanachta
and
the
Dalcassians
in the Munster Province, including,
*107.Turlogh
O Brian, the grandson of
*105.Brian Boru
who would become the
175th High King of Ireland
and
108.Murrogh mac Carthy,
the son of
107.Carty / Carrthach
a Heberian Eoghanacht Chaisil Prince
/ Tanaiste
/ heir apparent who was an outstanding and great aristocratic warrior campaigner for his
Eoghanacht
Sept
in
Co. Kerry.
In the north other examples of important surnames occurred at this time in the Ulster Province
including
*105.Donnell Ard Macha
O Niall, (the grandson of
*103.Niall
Glun Dubh the
previous 170th King of Ireland),
and Cathbarr O Donnell, the
grandson of
Donnell
the Cenel Conaill King of Tir Conaill / Tyrconnell
now known as Co. Donegal.
In the Connacht
Province there was also 111.Teague
O Connor, the grandson of
109.Conor
/ Conchobar the
44th King of Connacht, and in
Southern
Leinster
112.Donough mac
Murrogh
the
Cu Corb
Ui Cheinnselaig 56th King
of Leinster, the son of
111.Murrogh
/ Murchad
who was to be
the
51a King
of Leinster,
just to mention a few who all took up their surnames from their immediate or most
close important ancestor.
Previously in the early 7th Century AD,
99.Bran Dubh who was then the
Cu Corb
Ui Cheinnselaig 7th King
of Leinster was able to resist the advance of the
Heremonian
Ui Cobhthaigh
Ui Felim Dal Cuinn
Ui Niaill
Septs into their territory in
Northern Leinster,
but since then after
104.Aed their
17a King
of Leinster
had died in 738 AD, their close kinsmen the
Cu Corb
Ui Dunlainge
Sept had become the completely dominant Sept in the
Kingship
of Leinster.
During this Century this would once again
change as the Ui Cheinnselaig / cinnsela Sept would re -
emerge as the dominant Heremonian Cu Corb Sept
there in Southern Leinster.
During the following
Century
the
territory of
Tethbae
in Meath
/ Midhe in the south - west of
Northern
Leinster was to be taken
over also by the Heremonian
Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn
Ui Briuin Breifne
Sept
who
controlled the
Gaelic Mlesian
Irian Conmaicne Maige Rein Septs
there under the
O Rourkes
the
Ui Brian Breifne
Kings of West Breifne along with other territory, taking
in the southern borders of
Co. Westmeath
and Co. Offaly.
(Many of the
Kings
of
Tethbae
and the Heremonian
Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch
Ui
Maine
Sept
were to
be interred at the monastery of Clonmacnoise in
Co. Offaly in the north - west of
Southern
Leinster). Close by on the western side
of the
River Shannon, from Co. Westmeath, was the territory of the
Heremonian Dal Cuinn Colla Da Crioch
Ui Maine whose territory was in the east of the
Connacht Province where, previously earlier
on their territory had been
farther north into Co. Roscommon
itself,
were
it bordered on the territory of the "southern" Ui
Niaill kingdom of the similar named
Cenel Maine descended
from 91.Maine
of
Tethbae, another one of the
8 sons of
*90,Niall
-
of the Nine Hostages the
126th King of Tara / Ireland. Their
Kings
were also interred at Clonmacnoise,
and
it could all have been one kingdom at one time, were in the east it may have extended
down south to Tethbae
taking in the Cuircne Sept,
the Bregmuine Sept, the Calraige Sept,
and
Delbna Bethra
Septs, where
Clonmacnoise itself is actually situated.
Another branch of the Sept were
the
Delbna Nuadat who were situated north
of Clonmacnoise in
Co. Offaly in Southern Leinster between the
River
Suck and the River Shannon,
who were
now under the over lordship of the Dal Cuinn Colla Da
Crioch
Ui Maine Sept whowere in nearby
Co. Galway in the Connacht
Province.
The Gaelic Milesian
Irian
Conmaicne Maige Rein
Sept, descended initially in Ireland
also from
37.Ir, were
to be in the south of
Co. Leitrim in Northern
Connacht during the
11th and
12th Century AD, as they had migrated east of the
River Shannon into the territory of
Mag Rein,
with
their overlords as mentioned now being the Heremonian
Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim Dal Cuinn
Ui Briuin Breifne
Sept of the
Heremonian Dal Cuinn
O Rourkes / Ui Ruairc.
They were to also take over
much of the territory in Co. Longford
nearby
in the north - west of Northern Leinster, driving the
Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Felim
Dal Cuinn "southern"
Ui Niaill
Cenel Maine
of
Tethbae
further south, with the territory there eventually becoming the
Barony of Ardagh.
Many foreign students
at this time were to still attend
the Gaelic Irish
scholastic and religious schools from all over Europe, and they too were now going out to spread the
Catholic Christian faith in the
known World.
*105.Brian
Boru
the
Heberian Dal gCais 41st King of Northern
Munster /
Thomond
was to
carry out further repair work, including the
Chapel at Killaloe
in
Co. Clare in the north -
west of the Munster Province of his
Family's kinsmen, 100.St. Flannan who
had previously constructed it there and *105.Brian
Boru was a sixth generation
relation of his and he
was to do
much during his lifetime to sustain his much revered memory.
This Century
Ivarr
the Viking
King of Dublin and Waterford on the south - east coast of
Ireland,
was to
die, and the
Tuetonic Scandinavian Vikings
were now also to attack the monastery at
Kells
/
Ceanannus Mor
in
Co. Meath in the south - east
of Northern
Leinster where they destroyed it.
The Celtic Gaelic Heremonian Scottii composed now of the Ui Cobhthaigh Ui Conaire Dal Riada Sept and their kinsmen the Heremonian Ui Cobhthaigh Dal Cuinn "northern" Ui Niaill who had initially had territory in Co. Antrim in the far - north - east of the Ulster Province were by now also well settled among the Celtic Scythian Gaelic Picts of Alba / Caledonia / Scottish Highlands and would continue now to produce the Gaelic Milesian Kings of Scotland until the coming of the Teutonic Normans into Albion when they would move on down out of the Highlands altogether under Saxon - Norman influence.
The Celts who were to be driven from Southern Leinster were to be known as the Iverni in Co. Cork in Southern Munster, while there were other Celtic Septs who left traces of their names throughout Ireland, including those of the Ciarraige in Co. Kerry in the south - west of the Munster Province, and the Fir Maige / Fermoy in Co. Cork in Southern Munster.
1001 AD Ethelred 11 - the Unready the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon King of Wessex and Albion was to organize another truce with the Teutonic Scandinavian Viking Danes at an even greater economic cost known as Danegeld, but despite this the Vikings still continued to carry out their attacks all over Briton.
1002 AD Ethelred 11 - the Unready the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon King of Wessex and Albion was by now at his wit's end as to the continuing Viking attacks, and as a result there would eventually be a great massacre of Vikings carried out on St. Brice's day in Briton to try and put a stop to their ongoing raids.
1003 AD Sweyn Forkbeard the Teutonic Scandinavian Viking King of Denmark invaded Briton again.
1005 AD Malcolm 11 was to be the new Celtic Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland until 1034 AD.
1007 AD Ethelred 11 - the Unready the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon King of Wessex and Albion once again paid further tribute to the Teutonic Vikings to try and end their raids.
1008 AD The Teutonic Scandinavian Vikings invaded Briton again.
1012 AD Massive amounts of silver had been handed over once again to the Teutonic Scandinavian Viking Danes, and Ethelred 11 - the Unready the Teutonic Germanic Saxon King in England by now was really desperate and he ordered the massacre of all of the Teutonic Danes in Albion, and among those unfortunately killed was Gunhilda a sister to Sweyn Forkbeard the Viking King of Denmark.
1013 AD Sweyn Forkbeard the Viking King of Denmark besieged Briton / England with a vengeance, and Ethelred 11 - the Unready and his Queen Emma fled to Normandy, but fate then intervened, as Sweyn Forkbeard died a few weeks later and the Witan then had Ethelred 11 - the Unready return to Albion.
Olaf 11 / St. Olaf became the new Teutonic Viking King of Norway.
1014 AD The Battle of Clontarf occurred in Co. Dublin in Ireland with many of the Irish Septs under *105.Brian Boru the Celtic Heberian Dal gCais 175th King of Ireland taking on the invading Teutonic Vikings and their Southern Leinster allies, with 7,000 of the Vikings and their allies being eventually killed on the day, but *105.Brian Boru, his son, and his grandson, were also killed, and he was to become the direct male line ancestor of the majority of the O Briens / Ui mBriain in the Munster Province.
1016 AD April - November: Edmund Ironside of Wessex, a son of Ethelred 11 - the Unready, fought against the invading Teutonic Scandinavian Danes in the Battle of Ashington / Assandun who were led by Canute, the son of Sweyn Forkbeard the previous Viking King of Denmark, and the Treaty of Olney was to be the end result, where they divided Albion between them, with Edmund Ironside retaining only Wessex, and Canute the rest of Albion until Edmund Ironside was to die on November 30th at only 26 years of age and his 2 young sons, Edward - the Exile, and Edmund whose mother was Aeldgyth of East Anglia, were sent to Sweden by Canute then on to Russia and then on to Hungary. Edward - the Exile would eventually marry Agatha the daughter of the Teutonic Germanic Emperor of Germany.
1016 AD - 1035 AD Canute of Denmark then married Emma the Teutonic Scandinavian Danish widow of Edmund Ironside, who was also the daughter of the Teutonic Scandinavian Viking Duke of Normandy, and they produced Harthacanute who was reared in Denmark as a Viking Prince and Canute was to divide England into 4 Earldoms, East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria and Wessex, and the Danish Viking attacks then stopped occurring in Briton, and he became a church builder there.
1018 AD Malcolm 11 the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland defeated the Teutonic Germanic Angles from Northumbria at Carham and claimed the Scottish Lowlands as far as Hadrian's Wall / Lothian and the King of the Celtic Britons of Strathclyde and Cumbria, died, leaving no heir apparent and Malcolm 11's grandson, Duncan was installed there.
1023 AD Llywelyn, the son of Seisyll who was the ruler of Gwynedd in Wales, died, and Iago the son of Idwal became the Prince there instead and Llyweyn's and his wife Angharad's son, Gruffyd was passed over.
1027 AD Canute the Teutonic Scandinavian Danish King of England went to Rome to see the Pope at the coronation of Conrad 11 the new Holy Roman Emperor, and his brother, Harald who was the Danish King of Denmark died, so he also claimed the throne in Denmark and he also sent the other 2 sons of Ethelred 11 - the Unready and Aeldgyth / Edith of East Anglia into exile and they were to also finish up in Hungary.
1034 AD Duncan 1st / Donncuan mac Crinan / Donnchad mac Crinain, who was a son of a daughter of Malcolm 11 / Mael Coluim mac Cinaeda who had left no sons was now installed as the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland until 1040 AD who was married to Suthen who may have been a cousin of Earl Siward Biornsson and they were to produce 2 future Kings of Scotland.
1035 AD
Robert 11 the
Teutonic Scandinavian
Viking Norman sixth Duke of Normandy
- the Devil - the Magnificent,
died at Nicea in Bithynia while returning from a pilgrimage to
Jerusalem, and he
had willed
that his illegitimate
8 year old son,
William
was to succeed him as the seventh Duke of Normandy,
Meanwhile, Harold 1st Harefoot of Denmark, who was the other son of Canute, and therefore a half - brother to Harthacanute, became the new Teutonic Scandinavian Danish Regent of Albion acting on behalf of Harthacanute, and he defeated Edward - the Confessor and Emma was to flee to Flanders after her 2 sons by Ethelred 11 - the Unready, Alfred - the Aetheling and Edward - the Confessor, had previously returned from Normandy to visit her, and Harold Harefoot had blinded Alfred - the Aetheling to ensure that he was to be no risk to his position in Albion who then died as a result of these injuries.
1039 AD Duncan 1st mac Crinan who was now the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland besieged Durham in Albion where he was defeated.
Iago the Celtic King of Gwynedd in Wales was killed by his own followers this year, and Gruffyd, the son of Llywelyn, the ruler of Powys took over Gwynedd also.
1040 AD August: AD Duncan 1st mac Crinan the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland, who was supported by his southern clansmen and Irish mercenaries, was challenged for the Kingship of Scotland by Mac Beth / Mac Bethad mac Findlaech of Moray who was supported by northern Gaelic clansmen and his Teutonic Scandinavian cousin, Thorfinn Sigurdsson the Viking Earl of Caithness and Orkney at Pitgaveny near Elgin and Duncan 1st was killed in the battle near Burghead on the Moray Firth and his body also was interred on the holy island of Iona of the "Kindred of 94.St. Columbcille / Columba." Duncan 1st's wife and children, including 2 future Kings of Scotland, fled for their safety to Northumbria, one of whom would be the future Malcolm 111 who was 9 years old at this time, and because of the Teutonic Anglo - Saxon influence in the future he was to be bought up on the hereditary right to be King instead of the Gaelic right of election. Mac Beth became the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland.
1040 AD - 1042 AD Harthacanute the Teutoniic Scandinavian Danish King of Denmark, the son of Canute and Emma of Normandy, disposed of his half - brother's body in a marsh, and was to prove unpopular in Albion due to his fleet tax to be imposed there to pay for his previous expedition. 1035 AD - 1040 AD.
1040 AD - 1057 AD Mac Beth / Mac Bethad mac Findlaech, who was the son of Findlaech mac Ruaidri a sub - king of Moray, and also another grandson of Malcolm 11 / Mael Coluim mac Cinaeda was to be the new Celtic Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland who had been a sub - king of Moray, after his cousin who had succeeded his father Gille Coemgain had died in 1032 AD as Mac Beth had married Gille Coemgain's widow, Princess Gruoch the great - grand daughter of Kenneth 111 / Cinaed mac Duib and was then to become the step - father of her son, Lulach who was a possible rival also for the Kingship of Scotland.
1042 AD - 1066 AD Edward - the Confessor of Wessex had been reared in Normandy, as he was the youngest son of Ethelred 11 - the Unready the Anglo - Saxon and Emma of Normandy and in 1041 AD he had been sent for by his Danish half - brother, Harthacanute and he was very religious and reluctantly married Edith, the daughter of Earl Godwin the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Earl of Wessex who he fell out with, as he also had mainly Norman advisors, which upset the Anglo - Saxon Earls in Albion.
1043 AD Gruffyd who was now the Welsh King of Gwynedd and Powys besieged the kingdom of Deheubarth in Wales also, seizing it from Hywel, the son of Edwin, in the Battle of Aber Tywi.
1047 AD Gruffyd who was now the Celtic Welsh King of Gwynedd, Deheubarth and Powys was driven out of Deheubarth by Gruffydd, the son of Rhydderch of Gwent,
1049 AD Harold Hardrada became the Teutonic Scandinavian King of Norway.
1050 AD Mac Beth the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland made a pilgrimage to Rome, and during the upsets in Albion he gave sanctuary to many of the Norman exiles and this may have also effected the previous Gaelic way of doing things and introduced him to Norman feudalism.
1051 AD Godwin the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Earl was in trouble in Albion with Edward - the Confessor, and also his son, Harold Godwinson had gone into exile with his brother, Leofwine into Ireland where their sister Driella was to marry *106.Donogh who was to become the Heberian Dal gCais Ui mBriain 42nd King of Cashel / Munster and the 176th King of Ireland., the son of *105.Brian Boru - of the Tributes the previous 175th High King of Ireland and of 110.Gormlath, a sister to 110.Mael Morda the Ui Dunlainge 45th King of Leinster.
1052 AD Earl Godwin and his 2 of his sons, Tostig and Harold Godwinson returned to Albion with an army, and a reluctant peace was made with Edward - the Confessor, and his Norman advisors were sent packing back to Normandy, and Harold Godwinson who would be the future Harold 11 the Teutonic Germanic Saxon King of England, was appointed the leader of his army and personal advisor and he first was to become the Earl of Wessex and the Earl of Hereford, but Edgar - the Aetheling of Wessex was actually the rightful heir of Edward - the Confessor, but he was to be too young. (He was a grandson of Edmund 11, and a son of Edward - the Exile), so the Witan in the future, on the demise of Edward - the Confessor, were to elect Harold Godwinson of Wessex (January - October 1066 AD) the second son of Earl Godwin,
Edward - the Exile, the son of Edmund Ironside who had died 1016 AD and Aeldgyth of East Anglia, who had previously been sent to Sweden, Russia and Hungary by Canute, died this year.
1053 Earl Godwin was to choke to death in an ordeal with a cake, which removed his strong Saxon influence in England.
1054 AD Edward - the Confessor the Teutonic Germanic Saxon King of England supported the 21 year old future Malcolm 111 Cean Mor's claim to the throne of Albany / Scotland and sent Siward the Teutonic Scandinavian Danish Earl of Northumbria with a large army of Germanic Anglo - Saxons and Scandinavian Danes to invade Alba / Scotland and Duncan 1st's son the future Malcolm 111 Cean Mor allied with the Earl of Northumbria and they came up against Mac Beth the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland outside of Scone at Dunsinane where 3,000 Highland Scottii were killed and 1,500 Anglo - Saxons and Danes, and Siward was then forced to withdraw his men from Scotland with the future Malcolm 111 having to be content with the lordship of Cumbria,
The Catholic Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church finally split.
1055 AD Gruffyd, the son of Llywelyn, began besieging the towns along the Welsh border around Herefordshire, which was defended by Harold Godwinson who was now the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Earl there and Gruffyd, the son of Llywelyn also came up against Gruffyd, the son of Rhydderch, in battle who was killed, and Gruffyd the son of Llywelyn retook the kingdom of Deheubarth in Wales and he now also had a new ally in Aelfgar, who was the son of the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon Earl of East Anglia who had been deposed, and together they besieged Hereford and defeated the Earl of Hereford and sacked the city and destroyed the castle. Aelfgar was restored to the Earldom soon after and a peace treaty was made and Llywelyn married Aelfgar's daughter, and Aelfgar became the Earl of Mercia and Gruffyd the son of Llywelyn then captured the kingdoms of Mogannwg and Gwent in Wales and claimed sovereignty over all of Wales, and Edward - the Confessor recognized his authority there.
1055 AD Siward the Teutonic Scandinavian Danish Earl of Northumbria, died.
1057 AD August: Mac Beth came up against the future Malcolm 111 Cean Mor and the Northumbrians in the Battle of Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire were he was to be defeated and severely wounded by Malcolm Cean Mor and soon died and was also interred on the holy island of Iona among the "Kindred of 94.St. Columbcille / Columba" and he was to be the last of the Kings of Alba / Scotland to be interred there, but Malcolm 111 Cean Mor the future King of Scotland still had to avoid the Gaelic clansmen from the Highlands of Scotland so he went back southwards for his own safety and Lulach, the stepson of Mac Beth was to be the next Celtic Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland for a year until he was eventually killed by Malcolm 111 Cean Mor who became the new King of Scotland.
1058 AD April: Malcolm 111 / Mael Coluim mac Donnchada, the son of Duncan 1st, became the new Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Alba / Scotland until 1093 AD who had by now been totally anglicized, and was also married to Ingibjorg, and they produced 3 sons before she died and the Gaelic influence was continuing to slip away, as he now had greater ties with Anglo - Saxon England, and this meant that Mac Beth was to be the last real Celtic Gaelic King of Scotland.
1062 AD Aelfgar the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Earl of Mercia, also died, and his ally Gruffyd, the son of Llywelyn, was now in trouble in Wales.
1063 AD Harold Godwinson along with his brother, Tostig and southern Welsh supporters besieged Gruffyd at Rhuddlan who was defeated but was still able to escape, but in the Spring Harold Godwinson besieged the south of Wales, while his brother, Tostig besieged the north of Wales, and Gruffyd then fled to Snowdonia were he became trapped along with his followers, and in August Gruffyd was killed by his own men who sent off his head to Harold Godwinson to prove their loyalty and submission to him. (Despite this it was also recorded that he was killed by Cynan, the son of Iago, in revenge for the previous death of his father in 1039 AD). All of his combined kingdoms in Wales then split off into their traditional kingdoms instead of going to his eldest son, Dafydd, and his widow Ealdgythalso married Harold Godwinson and Harold's brother, Tostig was given the Earldom of Northumberland, but was to prove very unpopular there and Harold Godwinson had to mediate peace there until he had to finally banish Tostig altogether.
1064 AD Harold Godwinson the Teutonic Germanic Saxon Earl was shipwrecked off of Normandy in France, where he was eventually handed over to William - the Conqueror in Normandy who allegedly made him swear allegiance to him in regards to William claiming the Kingship of England.
1066 AD Edward - the Confessor, the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon (House of Wessex) King of England, died this year, leaving no heir and he would be canonized in 1161 AD, and become the Patron Saint of England until 1348 AD, but before he died he was to appoint his advisor, Harold Godwinson the Saxon Earl of Wessex as his successor, who was the second son of Earl Godwin and his wife Gytha and in January Harold Godwinson was crowned the Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon King of England in Westminster Abbey.
May - September: Harold Godwinson fought off invasions by land and sea, while William / Guillaume le Batard / the Bastard, the Conqueror, the Scandinavian Viking seventh Duke in Normandy, a son of Robert 1st and Herleve the daughter of a tanner, demanded that the Crown of England was rightfully his while Tostig, Harold's brother in the meantime also besieged the Isle of Wight, where he was defeated and he fled to Scotland from where he later allied with Harald Hardrada / Hardraade 111 the Teutonic Scandinavian Viking King of of Norway, and they then laid siege to York and fought another battle at Bamford Bridge, where Harold Godwinson was able to kill the both of them. Two days later William - the Conqueror landed in England also, and the Battle of Hastings occurred where Harold Godwinson along with his 2 other brothers, Leofwine and Gyrth were also killed and Harold Hardrada was to be the last Viking King.
Edgar - the Aetheling,
the rightful Anglo - Saxon heir, was then proclaimed by the Witan, but
he was captured by William - the Conqueror
and forced to submit to him, and sent over to Normandy to get him out of the way
and William 1st
- the Conqueror was
then in as the first
Teutonic Scandinavian Viking Norman King of England until 1087 AD
and he appointed his
contemporary, Lanfranc,
a Tuscan, as the Archbishop of Canterbury
to replace the Anglo - Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury
in England to do his personal bidding, who instead put foreigners in charge of
the Catholic Church in
England, and
in relation to
Church matters
placed the Church
above the
instructions of William
1st, (Lanfranc was to eventually also
gain control over the
Celtic Irish
Catholic Church).
(William the
Conqueror's half - brother,
Odo, who was the
Bishop of Bayeux in
Normandy also became the
Norman Earl of Kent in
England).
1068 AD Edgar - the Aetheling the Tuetonic Germanic Saxon heir apparent escaped to Scotland with his sister, St. Margaret and a retinue of English exiles, where he was supported by Malcolm 111 Cean Mor the Scottii King of Scotland.
1069 AD The Celtic Catholic Church was abolished by Malcolm 111 Cean Mor at St. Margaret's suggestion.
1070 AD Malcolm 111 the Heremonian Scottii King of Scotland married Edgar the Aetheling's sister, St. Margaret, who was also the great - niece of his previous ally, Edward - the Confessor, and she was now to be the main influence in doing away with the Gaelic way of life there in the Scottish Highlands and introducing Teutonic Anglo - Saxon and Scandinavian Norman influence, and they produced 8 children who were all given Anglo - Saxon names, and there was a language change from Gaelic to Anglo - Saxon. Malcolm 111 became well known as the King of Scotland and she promoted the rights of the Roman Catholic Church over the Celtic Catholic Church and established Dumfermline Abbey. Malcolm 111 supported his brother - in law, Edgar - the Aetheling's original right to the Anglo - Saxon throne of England and was to carry out 4 expeditions into Northumbria in northern England to challenge the Norman Conquest, but was always driven back.
1071 AD The Teutonic Scandinavian Norman conquest of England was completed.
1072 AD William 1st - the Conqueror the Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England in retaliation besieged Scotland and Malcolm 111 the Scottii King of Scotland was forced to submit and sign the Treaty of Abernethy as the Norman Knights / cnihts / servants, were bullies.
1075 AD The Teutonic Germanic Anglo - Saxon Earls in England revolted against William 1st - the Conqueror' s harsh Norman imposition of serfdom and harsh rule.
Pope Gregory V11 issued a decree of clerical celibacy this year on the Catholic clergy.
1081 AD William 1st - the Conqueror as the Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman King of England began the siege of Cambria / Wales / Cymru under Hugh the Norman Earl of Chester.
1087 William 1st - the Conqueror
1091 AD Malcolm 111 the Scottii King of Scotland besieged the north of England again where he was once again defeated and submitted to William 11 / Rufus - the Red at the Forth of Firth who then took southern Cumbria as far as Carlisle establishing a new frontier in Scotland.
1093 AD November 13th: Malcolm 111 now aged 62, after ruling for 35 years in Scotland, besieged Northumberland in the north of England again and was defeated and killed in the Battle of Alnwick by a Norman knight along with his and St. Margaret's oldest son, Edward, and St. Margaret also died 3 days later after learning of their demise and the Scottish Kings from now on became only vassals of the Scandinavian Normans in England, with the Scottish Highlander Septs losing their previous overall Gaelic influence to the Scottish Lowlands, William 11 / Rufus - the Red was to be unpopular with everyone, including the Catholic Church and he was also to fall out with St. Anselm of Bec, the new Archbishop of Canterbury, who was also a Tuscan, who would in 1097 AD have to flee to Rome personally to Pope Urban 11 to escape William 11's wrath and his constant interference in Catholic Church affairs.
Magnus Barefoot became the new Tuetonic Scandinavian King of Norway.
Donald Bane a Gaelic Chieftain from the Hebrides became the newly elected Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland until 1094, and this saw the English followers of Malcolm 111 expelled from Scotland as the Gaels took this opportunity to return Scotland to it's original Celtic Gaelic heritage, but in the meanmwhile there were Norman claimants now to the Kingship of Scotland who proclaimed that the Kingship should be hereditary not elected as under the Celtic Gaelic system. Eventually the Teutonic Scandinavain Norman Kings in England were to have their way and the aristocratic warrior Celtic Gaelic way of life was only to be then in the Scottish Highlands, Further Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman Barons moved into the Lowlands and took over much more territory there in Scotland, and Norman French now became the language also of the new Scottish aristocracy.
William 11 / Rufus - the Red the Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England was dying and he nominated St. Anselm who was also a Tuscan, as the new Archbishop of Canterbury and restored the Church lands and also acknowledged Pope Urban 11, but after his recovery he would not allow St. Anselm to go to Rome. St. Anselm was to write to 108.Murtogh Mor O Brian as the King of Cashel / Munster and Ireland listing what he considered were abuses within the Catholic Celtic Church there.
1094 / 95 AD Duncan 11 became the Heremonian Dal Cuinn Scottii King of Scotland, for this year only, after overthrowing Donald Bane who then also over through him along with Edmund, and they killed him and shared the Kingship of Scotland until 1097 AD.
1097 AD Edgar became the new King of Scotland until 1107 AD.
William 11 / Rufus - the Red the Norman King of England allowed St. Anselm to go to Rome and while he was away seized the Catholic Church lands and incomes.
1098 AD
The Cistercians
/ White monks
were founded this year by St. Robert of Malesme named after the
mother house at Citeaux in France.
1100 AD William 11 / Rufus - the Red, the second Teutonic Scandinavian Norman King of England, who was the the third son of William 1st the Conqueror, died this year, after he was shot in the Lung with an arrow, either accidently or on purpose. (Walter Tirel / Tyrell the Lord of Poix may have been somehow involved). William 11 was really hated by his followers.
Henry Beauclerc became Henry 1st the Tuetonic Scandinavian Norman King of England, who was the fourth and youngest son of William 1st and his Queen Matilda, who was married to Edith (who also changed her name later on to Matilda) who was a daughter of Malcolm 111 the previous Gaelic Heremonian Scottii King of Scotland and St. Margaret the Anglo - Saxon Queen of Scotland who was a sister to Edgar - the Aetheling who had been initially proclaimed the Saxon King of England by the Witan. but never crowned. (He had been a son of Edward - the Exile and a grandson of Edmund 11 and was therefore closely related to Edward - the Confessor.
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